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Stiles LI, Ferrao K, Mehta KJ. Role of zinc in health and disease. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:38. [PMID: 38367035 PMCID: PMC10874324 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
This review provides a concise overview of the cellular and clinical aspects of the role of zinc, an essential micronutrient, in human physiology and discusses zinc-related pathological states. Zinc cannot be stored in significant amounts, so regular dietary intake is essential. ZIP4 and/or ZnT5B transport dietary zinc ions from the duodenum into the enterocyte, ZnT1 transports zinc ions from the enterocyte into the circulation, and ZnT5B (bidirectional zinc transporter) facilitates endogenous zinc secretion into the intestinal lumen. Putative promoters of zinc absorption that increase its bioavailability include amino acids released from protein digestion and citrate, whereas dietary phytates, casein and calcium can reduce zinc bioavailability. In circulation, 70% of zinc is bound to albumin, and the majority in the body is found in skeletal muscle and bone. Zinc excretion is via faeces (predominantly), urine, sweat, menstrual flow and semen. Excessive zinc intake can inhibit the absorption of copper and iron, leading to copper deficiency and anaemia, respectively. Zinc toxicity can adversely affect the lipid profile and immune system, and its treatment depends on the mode of zinc acquisition. Acquired zinc deficiency usually presents later in life alongside risk factors like malabsorption syndromes, but medications like diuretics and angiotensin-receptor blockers can also cause zinc deficiency. Inherited zinc deficiency condition acrodermatitis enteropathica, which occurs due to mutation in the SLC39A4 gene (encoding ZIP4), presents from birth. Treatment involves zinc supplementation via zinc gluconate, zinc sulphate or zinc chloride. Notably, oral zinc supplementation may decrease the absorption of drugs like ciprofloxacin, doxycycline and risedronate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy I Stiles
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin Ferrao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kosha J Mehta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Education, King's College London, London, UK.
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2
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Chen M, Xu L, Wu Y, Soba P, Hu C. The organization and function of the Golgi apparatus in dendrite development and neurological disorders. Genes Dis 2023; 10:2425-2442. [PMID: 37554209 PMCID: PMC10404969 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrites are specialized neuronal compartments that sense, integrate and transfer information in the neural network. Their development is tightly controlled and abnormal dendrite morphogenesis is strongly linked to neurological disorders. While dendritic morphology ranges from relatively simple to extremely complex for a specified neuron, either requires a functional secretory pathway to continually replenish proteins and lipids to meet dendritic growth demands. The Golgi apparatus occupies the center of the secretory pathway and is regulating posttranslational modifications, sorting, transport, and signal transduction, as well as acting as a non-centrosomal microtubule organization center. The neuronal Golgi apparatus shares common features with Golgi in other eukaryotic cell types but also forms distinct structures known as Golgi outposts that specifically localize in dendrites. However, the organization and function of Golgi in dendrite development and its impact on neurological disorders is just emerging and so far lacks a systematic summary. We describe the organization of the Golgi apparatus in neurons, review the current understanding of Golgi function in dendritic morphogenesis, and discuss the current challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education Institute for Brain, Science and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510320, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education Institute for Brain, Science and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510320, China
| | - Peter Soba
- LIMES Institute, Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Chun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education Institute for Brain, Science and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
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3
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Novel Anti-Neuroinflammatory Properties of a Thiosemicarbazone–Pyridylhydrazone Copper(II) Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810722. [PMID: 36142627 PMCID: PMC9505367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has a major role in several brain disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet at present there are no effective anti-neuroinflammatory therapeutics available. Copper(II) complexes of bis(thiosemicarbazones) (CuII(gtsm) and CuII(atsm)) have broad therapeutic actions in preclinical models of neurodegeneration, with CuII(atsm) demonstrating beneficial outcomes on neuroinflammatory markers in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that copper(II) complexes could be harnessed as a new approach to modulate immune function in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we examined the anti-neuroinflammatory action of several low-molecular-weight, charge-neutral and lipophilic copper(II) complexes. Our analysis revealed that one compound, a thiosemicarbazone–pyridylhydrazone copper(II) complex (CuL5), delivered copper into cells in vitro and increased the concentration of copper in the brain in vivo. In a primary murine microglia culture, CuL5 was shown to decrease secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnf), increase expression of metallothionein (Mt1), and modulate expression of Alzheimer’s disease-associated risk genes, Trem2 and Cd33. CuL5 also improved the phagocytic function of microglia in vitro. In 5xFAD model AD mice, treatment with CuL5 led to an improved performance in a spatial working memory test, while, interestingly, increased accumulation of amyloid plaques in treated mice. These findings demonstrate that CuL5 can induce anti-neuroinflammatory effects in vitro and provide selective benefit in vivo. The outcomes provide further support for the development of copper-based compounds to modulate neuroinflammation in brain diseases.
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Willekens J, Runnels LW. Impact of Zinc Transport Mechanisms on Embryonic and Brain Development. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122526. [PMID: 35745255 PMCID: PMC9231024 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The trace element zinc (Zn) binds to over ten percent of proteins in eukaryotic cells. Zn flexible chemistry allows it to regulate the activity of hundreds of enzymes and influence scores of metabolic processes in cells throughout the body. Deficiency of Zn in humans has a profound effect on development and in adults later in life, particularly in the brain, where Zn deficiency is linked to several neurological disorders. In this review, we will summarize the importance of Zn during development through a description of the outcomes of both genetic and early dietary Zn deficiency, focusing on the pathological consequences on the whole body and brain. The epidemiology and the symptomology of Zn deficiency in humans will be described, including the most studied inherited Zn deficiency disease, Acrodermatitis enteropathica. In addition, we will give an overview of the different forms and animal models of Zn deficiency, as well as the 24 Zn transporters, distributed into two families: the ZIPs and the ZnTs, which control the balance of Zn throughout the body. Lastly, we will describe the TRPM7 ion channel, which was recently shown to contribute to intestinal Zn absorption and has its own significant impact on early embryonic development.
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5
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Butz ES, Chandrachud U, Mole SE, Cotman SL. Moving towards a new era of genomics in the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Thokala S, Bodiga VL, Kudle MR, Bodiga S. Comparative Response of Cardiomyocyte ZIPs and ZnTs to Extracellular Zinc and TPEN. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 192:297-307. [PMID: 30778755 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular zinc concentrations are tightly regulated by the coordinated regulation of ZIPs and ZnTs. Very little is known about the regulation of these transporters in cardiomyocytes, in response to extracellular zinc. Adult rat cardiomyocytes express ZnTs 1, 2, 5, and 9, in addition to ZIPs 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, and 14. We have determined the intracellular free zinc levels using Zinpyr-1 fluorescence and studied response of ZIP and ZnT mRNA by real-time PCR to the changes in extracellular zinc and TPEN in adult rat ventricular myocytes. TPEN downregulated ZnT1, ZnT2, and ZIP11 mRNAs but upregulated ZnT5, ZIP2, ZIP7, ZIP10, ZIP13, and ZIP14 mRNAs. Zinc supplementation upregulated ZnT1, ZnT2 mRNA but downregulated ZnT5, ZIP1, ZIP2, ZIP3, ZIP7, ZIP9, and ZIP10 mRNA. The negative regulation of ZIPs by zinc excess can be explained in terms of zinc homeostasis as these transporters may act to protect cells from zinc over accumulation by reducing zinc influx when the extracellular concentration of zinc is high. Similarly, the ZnT expression appears to be regulated to avoid loss of zinc from the intracellular milieu, under zinc-deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Thokala
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya University, Vidyaranyapuri, Warangal Urban, Telangana, India
| | - Vijaya Lakshmi Bodiga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Madhukar Rao Kudle
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya University, Vidyaranyapuri, Warangal Urban, Telangana, India
| | - Sreedhar Bodiga
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya University, Vidyaranyapuri, Warangal Urban, Telangana, India.
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Hasna J, Bohic S, Lemoine S, Blugeon C, Bouron A. Zinc Uptake and Storage During the Formation of the Cerebral Cortex in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6928-6940. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Turan B. A Brief Overview from the Physiological and Detrimental Roles of Zinc Homeostasis via Zinc Transporters in the Heart. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 188:160-176. [PMID: 30091070 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (mostly as free/labile Zn2+) is an essential structural constituent of many proteins, including enzymes in cellular signaling pathways via functioning as an important signaling molecule in mammalian cells. In cardiomyocytes at resting condition, intracellular labile Zn2+ concentration ([Zn2+]i) is in the nanomolar range, whereas it can increase dramatically under pathological conditions, including hyperglycemia, but the mechanisms that affect its subcellular redistribution is not clear. Therefore, overall, very little is known about the precise mechanisms controlling the intracellular distribution of labile Zn2+, particularly via Zn2+ transporters during cardiac function under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Literature data demonstrated that [Zn2+]i homeostasis in mammalian cells is primarily coordinated by Zn2+ transporters classified as ZnTs (SLC30A) and ZIPs (SLC39A). To identify the molecular mechanisms of diverse functions of labile Zn2+ in the heart, the recent studies focused on the discovery of subcellular localization of these Zn2+ transporters in parallel to the discovery of novel physiological functions of [Zn2+]i in cardiomyocytes. The present review summarizes the current understanding of the role of [Zn2+]i changes in cardiomyocytes under pathological conditions, and under high [Zn2+]i and how Zn2+ transporters are important for its subcellular redistribution. The emerging importance and the promise of some Zn2+ transporters for targeted cardiac therapy against pathological stimuli are also provided. Taken together, the review clearly outlines cellular control of cytosolic Zn2+ signaling by Zn2+ transporters, the role of Zn2+ transporters in heart function under hyperglycemia, the role of Zn2+ under increased oxidative stress and ER stress, and their roles in cancer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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9
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Adulcikas J, Sonda S, Norouzi S, Sohal SS, Myers S. Targeting the Zinc Transporter ZIP7 in the Treatment of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020408. [PMID: 30781350 PMCID: PMC6412268 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease associated with dysfunctional metabolic processes that lead to abnormally high levels of blood glucose. Preceding the development of T2DM is insulin resistance (IR), a disorder associated with suppressed or delayed responses to insulin. The effects of this response are predominately mediated through aberrant cell signalling processes and compromised glucose uptake into peripheral tissue including adipose, liver and skeletal muscle. Moreover, a major factor considered to be the cause of IR is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This subcellular organelle plays a pivotal role in protein folding and processes that increase ER stress, leads to maladaptive responses that result in cell death. Recently, zinc and the proteins that transport this metal ion have been implicated in the ER stress response. Specifically, the ER-specific zinc transporter ZIP7, coined the "gate-keeper" of zinc release from the ER into the cytosol, was shown to be essential for maintaining ER homeostasis in intestinal epithelium and myeloid leukaemia cells. Moreover, ZIP7 controls essential cell signalling pathways similar to insulin and activates glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Accordingly, ZIP7 may be essential for the control of ER localized zinc and mechanisms that disrupt this process may lead to ER-stress and contribute to IR. Accordingly, understanding the mechanisms of ZIP7 action in the context of IR may provide opportunities to develop novel therapeutic options to target this transporter in the treatment of IR and subsequent T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Adulcikas
- College of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, TAS 7005, Australia.
| | - Sabrina Sonda
- College of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, TAS 7005, Australia.
| | - Shaghayegh Norouzi
- College of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, TAS 7005, Australia.
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- College of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, TAS 7005, Australia.
| | - Stephen Myers
- College of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, TAS 7005, Australia.
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10
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Choo XY, Liddell JR, Huuskonen MT, Grubman A, Moujalled D, Roberts J, Kysenius K, Patten L, Quek H, Oikari LE, Duncan C, James SA, McInnes LE, Hayne DJ, Donnelly PS, Pollari E, Vähätalo S, Lejavová K, Kettunen MI, Malm T, Koistinaho J, White AR, Kanninen KM. Cu II(atsm) Attenuates Neuroinflammation. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:668. [PMID: 30319344 PMCID: PMC6165894 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuroinflammation and biometal dyshomeostasis are key pathological features of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Inflammation and biometals are linked at the molecular level through regulation of metal buffering proteins such as the metallothioneins. Even though the molecular connections between metals and inflammation have been demonstrated, little information exists on the effect of copper modulation on brain inflammation. Methods: We demonstrate the immunomodulatory potential of the copper bis(thiosemicarbazone) complex CuII(atsm) in an neuroinflammatory model in vivo and describe its anti-inflammatory effects on microglia and astrocytes in vitro. Results: By using a sophisticated in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach, we report the efficacy of CuII(atsm) in reducing acute cerebrovascular inflammation caused by peripheral administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CuII(atsm) also induced anti-inflammatory outcomes in primary microglia [significant reductions in nitric oxide (NO), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)] and astrocytes [significantly reduced NO, MCP-1, and interleukin 6 (IL-6)] in vitro. These anti-inflammatory actions were associated with increased cellular copper levels and increased the neuroprotective protein metallothionein-1 (MT1) in microglia and astrocytes. Conclusion: The beneficial effects of CuII(atsm) on the neuroimmune system suggest copper complexes are potential therapeutics for the treatment of neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi Choo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeffrey R Liddell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mikko T Huuskonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alexandra Grubman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Diane Moujalled
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica Roberts
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kai Kysenius
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren Patten
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hazel Quek
- Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lotta E Oikari
- Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Clare Duncan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon A James
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lachlan E McInnes
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute for Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Hayne
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute for Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute for Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eveliina Pollari
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Suvi Vähätalo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katarína Lejavová
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko I Kettunen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anthony R White
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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11
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Traupe I, Giacalone M, Agrimi J, Baroncini M, Pomé A, Fabiani D, Danti S, Timpano Sportiello MR, Di Sacco F, Lionetti V, Giunta F, Forfori F. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction and short-term neuroprotection from blueberries: a pilot study. Minerva Anestesiol 2018; 84:1352-1360. [PMID: 29856175 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.18.12333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND General anesthesia may be a risk factor for post-operative cognitive impairment, which could be counteracted by neuroprotective compounds. The aims of this study were to determine cognitive functions impaired by general anesthesia and to test blueberry juice as a neuroprotective agent against neuropsychological dysfunctions induced by general anesthesia. METHODS Twenty-six patients undergoing elective major surgery were randomized into two groups, receiving either 500 mL/day of blueberry juice within 14 preoperative days (G1) or to a control group (G0). Neuropsychological tests were performed around 20 days before surgery (T0), as well as both three hours (T1) and 24 hours (T2) after surgery. All the scores were statistically analyzed to find significant differences between groups and within the three times. RESULTS The control (G0) group showed a significant decrease in the performance in the Prose Memory Test (P<0.001), the Attentional Matrices Test (P<0.01), and the Trail Making Test Part B (P<0.01) after general anesthesia. Significant differences were reported in the Prose Memory test, T0 versus T1 (P<0.01), T0 versus T2 (P<0.001); in the Trail Making Test Part B, T0 versus T2 (P<0.01); and the Attentional Matrices test, and T0 versus T2 (P<0.001). The G1 group did not show any decrease in the performance of the three tests. CONCLUSIONS General anesthesia induces a short-term impairment of verbal memory and selective and divided attention. Blueberry compounds may prevent these neuropsychological deficits through a neuroprotective action in patients undergoing general anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippolito Traupe
- Department of Anesthesia, Montebelluna Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | | | - Jacopo Agrimi
- Life Science Institute, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Pomé
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology, and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Deborah Fabiani
- Società degli Psicologi dell'Area Neuropsicologica, Lurago d'Erba, Como, Italy
| | - Sabrina Danti
- Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular and Critical area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco R Timpano Sportiello
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Biotechnologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinic Neuropsychology, Hospital Psychology Service, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Di Sacco
- Life Science Institute, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Anesthesia and Resuscitation, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Giunta
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Forfori
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Pisa University Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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12
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Olgar Y, Durak A, Tuncay E, Bitirim CV, Ozcinar E, Inan MB, Tokcaer-Keskin Z, Akcali KC, Akar AR, Turan B. Increased free Zn 2+ correlates induction of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum stress via altered expression levels of Zn 2+ -transporters in heart failure. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:1944-1956. [PMID: 29333637 PMCID: PMC5824399 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zn2+ -homoeostasis including free Zn2+ ([Zn2+ ]i ) is regulated through Zn2+ -transporters and their comprehensive understanding may be important due to their contributions to cardiac dysfunction. Herein, we aimed to examine a possible role of Zn2+ -transporters in the development of heart failure (HF) via induction of ER stress. We first showed localizations of ZIP8, ZIP14 and ZnT8 to both sarcolemma and S(E)R in ventricular cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells) using confocal together with calculated Pearson's coefficients. The expressions of ZIP14 and ZnT8 were significantly increased with decreased ZIP8 level in HF. Moreover, [Zn2+ ]i was significantly high in doxorubicin-treated H9c2 cells compared to their controls. We found elevated levels of ER stress markers, GRP78 and CHOP/Gadd153, confirming the existence of ER stress. Furthermore, we measured markedly increased total PKC and PKCα expression and PKCα-phosphorylation in HF. A PKC inhibition induced significant decrease in expressions of these ER stress markers compared to controls. Interestingly, direct increase in [Zn2+ ]i using zinc-ionophore induced significant increase in these markers. On the other hand, when we induced ER stress directly with tunicamycin, we could not observe any effect on expression levels of these Zn2+ transporters. Additionally, increased [Zn2+ ]i could induce marked activation of PKCα. Moreover, we observed marked decrease in [Zn2+ ]i under PKC inhibition in H9c2 cells. Overall, our present data suggest possible role of Zn2+ transporters on an intersection pathway with increased [Zn2+ ]i and PKCα activation and induction of HF, most probably via development of ER stress. Therefore, our present data provide novel information how a well-controlled [Zn2+ ]i via Zn2+ transporters and PKCα can be important therapeutic approach in prevention/treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Olgar
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Durak
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Evren Ozcinar
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Bahadir Inan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Kamil Can Akcali
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ruchan Akar
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Dietrich N, Schneider DL, Kornfeld K. A pathway for low zinc homeostasis that is conserved in animals and acts in parallel to the pathway for high zinc homeostasis. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:11658-11672. [PMID: 28977437 PMCID: PMC5714235 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential element zinc plays critical roles in biology. High zinc homeostasis mechanisms are beginning to be defined in animals, but low zinc homeostasis is poorly characterized. We investigated low zinc homeostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans because the genome encodes 14 evolutionarily conserved Zrt, Irt-like protein (ZIP) zinc transporter family members. Three C. elegans zipt genes were regulated in zinc-deficient conditions; these promoters contained an evolutionarily conserved motif that we named the low zinc activation (LZA) element that was both necessary and sufficient for activation of transcription in response to zinc deficiency. These results demonstrated that the LZA element is a critical part of the low zinc homeostasis pathway. Transcriptional regulation of the LZA element required the transcription factor ELT-2 and mediator complex member MDT-15. We investigated conservation in mammals by analyzing LZA element function in human cultured cells; the LZA element-mediated transcriptional activation in response to zinc deficiency in cells, suggesting a conserved pathway of low zinc homeostasis. We propose that the pathway for low zinc homeostasis, which includes the LZA element and ZIP transporters, acts in parallel to the pathway for high zinc homeostasis, which includes the HZA element, HIZR-1 transcription factor and cation diffusion facilitator transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Dietrich
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel L Schneider
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kerry Kornfeld
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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14
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Turan B, Tuncay E. Impact of Labile Zinc on Heart Function: From Physiology to Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112395. [PMID: 29137144 PMCID: PMC5713363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc plays an important role in biological systems as bound and histochemically reactive labile Zn2+. Although Zn2+ concentration is in the nM range in cardiomyocytes at rest and increases dramatically under stimulation, very little is known about precise mechanisms controlling the intracellular distribution of Zn2+ and its variations during cardiac function. Recent studies are focused on molecular and cellular aspects of labile Zn2+ and its homeostasis in mammalian cells and growing evidence clarified the molecular mechanisms underlying Zn2+-diverse functions in the heart, leading to the discovery of novel physiological functions of labile Zn2+ in parallel to the discovery of subcellular localization of Zn2+-transporters in cardiomyocytes. Additionally, important experimental data suggest a central role of intracellular labile Zn2+ in excitation-contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes by shaping Ca2+ dynamics. Cellular labile Zn2+ is tightly regulated against its adverse effects through either Zn2+-transporters, Zn2+-binding molecules or Zn2+-sensors, and, therefore plays a critical role in cellular signaling pathways. The present review summarizes the current understanding of the physiological role of cellular labile Zn2+ distribution in cardiomyocytes and how a remodeling of cellular Zn2+-homeostasis can be important in proper cell function with Zn2+-transporters under hyperglycemia. We also emphasize the recent investigations on Zn2+-transporter functions from the standpoint of human heart health to diseases together with their clinical interest as target proteins in the heart under pathological condition, such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
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15
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Grubman A, Guennel P, Vessey KA, Jones MWM, James SA, de Jonge MD, White AR, Fletcher EL. X-ray fluorescence microscopic measurement of elemental distribution in the mouse retina with age. Metallomics 2017; 8:1110-1121. [PMID: 27481440 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00055j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The biologically important metals such as zinc, copper and iron play key roles in retinal function, yet no study has mapped the spatio-temporal distribution of retinal biometals in healthy or diseased retina. We investigated a natural mouse model of retinal degeneration, the Cln6nclf mouse. As dysfunctional metabolism of biometals is observed in the brains of these animals and deregulated metal homeostasis has been linked to retinal degeneration, we focused on mapping the elemental distribution in the healthy and Cln6nclf mouse retina with age. Retinal and RPE elemental homeostasis was mapped in Cln6nclf and C57BL6/J mice from 1 to 8 months of age using X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy at the Australian Synchrotron. In the healthy retina, we detected a progressive loss of phosphorus in the outer nuclear layer and significant reduction in iron in the inner segments of the photoreceptors. Further investigation revealed a unique elemental signature for each retinal layer, with high areal concentrations of iron and sulfur in the photoreceptor segments and calcium, phosphorus, zinc and potassium enrichment predominantly in the nuclear layers. The analysis of retinae from Cln6nclf mice did not show significant temporal changes in elemental distributions compared to age matched controls, despite significant photoreceptor cell loss. Our data therefore demonstrates that retinal layers have unique elemental composition. Elemental distribution is, with few exceptions, stably maintained over time in healthy and Cln6nclf mouse retina, suggesting conservation of elemental distribution is critical for basic retinal function with age and is not modulated by processes underlying retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Grubman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philipp Guennel
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Kirstan A Vessey
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Michael W M Jones
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria, Australia and ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon A James
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria, Australia and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin D de Jonge
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria, Australia and ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony R White
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Erica L Fletcher
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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16
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Bitirim CV, Tuncay E, Turan B. Demonstration of subcellular migration of CK2α localization from nucleus to sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum in mammalian cardiomyocytes under hyperglycemia. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 443:25-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Bodiga VL, Thokala S, Kovur SM, Bodiga S. Zinc Dyshomeostasis in Cardiomyocytes after Acute Hypoxia/Reoxygenation. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 179:117-129. [PMID: 28181174 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-0957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc dyshomeostasis may play a role in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression profile of zinc regulated transporter like- and iron-regulated transporter-like proteins (ZIPs) and zinc transporter proteins (ZnTs) in cardiomyocytes and their modulation in response to hypoxia and reoxygenation. Adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVMs) were subjected to 6 h of hypoxia, followed by 18 h of reoxygenation. Intracellular and extracellular zinc concentrations were determined using Fluozin-3 and Newport Green fluorescence, respectively. Expression of ZnTs 1, 2, 5, and 9 along with ZIPs 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, and 14 was detectable in the cardiomyocytes by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Hypoxia elicited accumulation of intracellular free zinc, but subsequent reoxygenation resulted in striking loss of intracellular free zinc and decreased the cardiomyocyte viability. Concomitantly, extracellular zinc levels dropped rapidly during hypoxia, but increased after reoxygenation. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that hypoxia increased the expression of ZnT1, but reoxygenation significantly increased the expression of ZnTs 2 and 5. Neither hypoxia nor reoxygenation altered the levels of ZnT9. Increased intracellular zinc at the end of hypoxia is related to enhanced expression of ZIPs, whereas decreased intracellular zinc during reoxygenation appears to be due to lowered expression of all ZIPs, in addition to elevated levels of ZnTs 2 and 5. These results thus suggest that there is impaired accumulation of intracellular zinc during reoxygenation, due to overexpression of specific ZnTs and downregulation of ZIP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Lakshmi Bodiga
- Institute of Genetics & Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Begumpet, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500016, India
| | - Sandhya Thokala
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana, 506009, India
| | - Sita Mahalaxmi Kovur
- Institute of Genetics & Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Begumpet, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500016, India
| | - Sreedhar Bodiga
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana, 506009, India.
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18
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Bin BH, Bhin J, Seo J, Kim SY, Lee E, Park K, Choi DH, Takagishi T, Hara T, Hwang D, Koseki H, Asada Y, Shimoda S, Mishima K, Fukada T. Requirement of Zinc Transporter SLC39A7/ZIP7 for Dermal Development to Fine-Tune Endoplasmic Reticulum Function by Regulating Protein Disulfide Isomerase. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1682-1691. [PMID: 28545780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Skin is the first area that manifests zinc deficiency. However, the molecular mechanisms by which zinc homeostasis affects skin development remain largely unknown. Here, we show that zinc-regulation transporter-/iron-regulation transporter-like protein 7 (ZIP7) localized to the endoplasmic reticulum plays critical roles in connective tissue development. Mice lacking the Slc39a7/Zip7 gene in collagen 1-expressing tissue exhibited dermal dysplasia. Ablation of ZIP7 in mesenchymal stem cells inhibited cell proliferation thereby preventing proper dermis formation, indicating that ZIP7 is required for dermal development. We also found that mesenchymal stem cells lacking ZIP7 accumulated zinc in the endoplasmic reticulum, which triggered zinc-dependent aggregation and inhibition of protein disulfide isomerase, leading to endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction. These results suggest that ZIP7 is necessary for endoplasmic reticulum function in mesenchymal stem cells and, as such, is essential for dermal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum-Ho Bin
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jinhyuk Bhin
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Seo
- Amorepacific R&D Unit, Beauty in Longevity Science Research Division, Beauty Food Research Team, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhee Park
- Gyeonggi Bio Center, Gyeonggi Institute of Science & Technology Promotion, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Choi
- Gyeonggi Bio Center, Gyeonggi Institute of Science & Technology Promotion, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Teruhisa Takagishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Asada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shinji Shimoda
- Department of Oral Anatomy-1, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
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19
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Tuncay E, Bitirim VC, Durak A, Carrat GRJ, Taylor KM, Rutter GA, Turan B. Hyperglycemia-Induced Changes in ZIP7 and ZnT7 Expression Cause Zn 2+ Release From the Sarco(endo)plasmic Reticulum and Mediate ER Stress in the Heart. Diabetes 2017; 66:1346-1358. [PMID: 28232492 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Changes in cellular free Zn2+ concentration, including those in the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum [S(E)R], are primarily coordinated by Zn2+ transporters (ZnTs) whose identity and role in the heart are not well established. We hypothesized that ZIP7 and ZnT7 transport Zn2+ in opposing directions across the S(E)R membrane in cardiomyocytes and that changes in their activity play an important role in the development of ER stress during hyperglycemia. The subcellular S(E)R localization of ZIP7 and ZnT7 was determined in cardiomyocytes and in isolated S(E)R preparations. Markedly increased mRNA and protein levels of ZIP7 were observed in ventricular cardiomyocytes from diabetic rats or high-glucose-treated H9c2 cells while ZnT7 expression was low. In addition, we observed increased ZIP7 phosphorylation in response to high glucose in vivo and in vitro. By using recombinant-targeted Förster resonance energy transfer sensors, we show that hyperglycemia induces a marked redistribution of cellular free Zn2+, increasing cytosolic free Zn2+ and lowering free Zn2+ in the S(E)R. These changes involve alterations in ZIP7 phosphorylation and were suppressed by small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of CK2α. Opposing changes in the expression of ZIP7 and ZnT7 were also observed in hyperglycemia. We conclude that subcellular free Zn2+ redistribution in the hyperglycemic heart, resulting from altered ZIP7 and ZnT7 activity, contributes to cardiac dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Verda C Bitirim
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Durak
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gaelle R J Carrat
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Kathryn M Taylor
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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20
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Marotta D, Tinelli E, Mole SE. NCLs and ER: A stressful relationship. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1273-1281. [PMID: 28390949 PMCID: PMC5479446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCLs, Batten disease) are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders with variable age of onset, characterized by the lysosomal accumulation of autofluorescent ceroid lipopigments. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a critical organelle for normal cell function. Alteration of ER homeostasis leads to accumulation of misfolded protein in the ER and to activation of the unfolded protein response. ER stress and the UPR have recently been linked to the NCLs. In this review, we will discuss the evidence for UPR activation in the NCLs, and address its connection to disease pathogenesis. Further understanding of ER-stress response involvement in the NCLs may encourage development of novel therapeutical agents targeting these pathogenic pathways. ER-stress activation has been linked to various neurodegenerative diseases. ER-stress is a common patho-mechanism in four forms of NCL. Pharmacological modulation of UPR could provide new treatment for NCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Marotta
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Tinelli
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - Sara E Mole
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT; UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
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21
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Braidy N, Poljak A, Marjo C, Rutlidge H, Rich A, Jugder BE, Jayasena T, Inestrosa NC, Sachdev PS. Identification of Cerebral Metal Ion Imbalance in the Brain of Aging Octodon degus. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:66. [PMID: 28405187 PMCID: PMC5370394 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of redox-active transition metals in the brain and metal dyshomeostasis are thought to be associated with the etiology and pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in particular. As well, distinct biometal imaging and role of metal uptake transporters are central to understanding AD pathogenesis and aging but remain elusive, due inappropriate detection methods. We therefore hypothesized that Octodon degus develop neuropathological abnormalities in the distribution of redox active biometals, and this effect may be due to alterations in the expression of lysosomal protein, major Fe/Cu transporters, and selected Zn transporters (ZnTs and ZIPs). Herein, we report the distribution profile of biometals in the aged brain of the endemic Chilean rodent O. degus—a natural model to investigate the role of metals on the onset and progression of AD. Using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, our quantitative images of biometals (Fe, Ca, Zn, Cu, and Al) appear significantly elevated in the aged O. degus and show an age-dependent rise. The metals Fe, Ca, Zn, and Cu were specifically enriched in the cortex and hippocampus, which are the regions where amyloid plaques, tau phosphorylation and glial alterations are most commonly reported, whilst Al was enriched in the hippocampus alone. Using whole brain extracts, age-related deregulation of metal trafficking pathways was also observed in O. degus. More specifically, we observed impaired lysosomal function, demonstrated by increased cathepsin D protein expression. An age-related reduction in the expression of subunit B2 of V-ATPase, and significant increases in amyloid beta peptide 42 (Aβ42), and the metal transporter ATP13a2 were also observed. Although the protein expression levels of the zinc transporters, ZnT (1,3,4,6, and 7), and ZIP7,8 and ZIP14 increased in the brain of aged O. degus, ZnT10, decreased. Although no significant age-related change was observed for the major iron/copper regulator IRP2, we did find a significant increase in the expression of DMT1, a major transporter of divalent metal species, 5′-aminolevulinate synthase 2 (ALAS2), and the proto-oncogene, FOS. Collectively, our data indicate that transition metals may be enriched with age in the brains of O. degus, and metal dyshomeostasis in specific brain regions is age-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Poljak
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia; Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Rutlidge
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Rich
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bat-Erdene Jugder
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tharusha Jayasena
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Ageing and Regeneration, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales HospitalSydney, NSW, Australia
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22
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Öhrvik H, Aaseth J, Horn N. Orchestration of dynamic copper navigation – new and missing pieces. Metallomics 2017; 9:1204-1229. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00010c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A general principle in all cells in the body is that an essential metal – here copper – is taken up at the plasma membrane, directed through cellular compartments for use in specific enzymes and pathways, stored in specific scavenging molecules if in surplus, and finally expelled from the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Öhrvik
- Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology
- Uppsala University
- Sweden
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Innlandet Hospital Trust and Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences
- Norway
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23
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Tian T, Li LL, Zhang SQ, Ni H. Long-Term Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Subsequent Seizure-Induced Brain Injury During Early Adulthood: Relationship of Seizure Thresholds to Zinc Transporter-Related Gene Expressions. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:369-376. [PMID: 27147436 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0730-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The divalent cation zinc is associated with cortical plasticity. However, the mechanism of zinc in the pathophysiology of cortical injury-associated neurobehavioral damage following neonatal seizures is uncertain. We have previously shown upregulated expression of ZnT-3; MT-3 in hippocampus of neonatal rats submitted to flurothyl-induced recurrent seizures, which was restored by pretreatment with ketogenic diet (KD). In this study, utilizing a novel "twist" seizure model by coupling early-life flurothyl-induced seizures with later exposure to penicillin, we further investigated the long-term effects of KD on cortical expression of zinc homeostasis-related genes in a systemic scale. Ten Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned each averagely into the non-seizure plus normal diet (NS + ND), non-seizure plus KD (NS + KD), recurrent seizures plus normal diet (RS + ND) and recurrent seizures plus KD (RS + KD) group. Recurrent seizures were induced by volatile flurothyl during P9-P21. During P23-P53, rats in NS + KD and RS + KD groups were dieted with KD. Neurological behavioral parameters of brain damage (plane righting reflex, cliff avoidance reflex, and open field test) were observed at P43. At P63, we examined seizure threshold using penicillin, then the cerebral cortex were evaluated for real-time RT-PCR and western blot study. The RS + ND group showed worse performances in neurological reflex tests and reduced latencies to myoclonic seizures induced by penicillin compared with the control, which was concomitant with altered expressions of ZnT-7, MT-1, MT-2, and ZIP7. Specifically, there was long-term elevated expression of ZIP7 in RS + ND group compared with that in NS + ND that was restored by chronic ketogenic diet (KD) treatment in RS + KD group, which was quite in parallel with the above neurobehavioral changes. Taken together, these findings indicate that the long-term altered expression of the metal transporter ZIP7 in adult cerebral cortex might correlate with neurobehavioral damage and reduced seizure threshold following recurrent neonate seizures and further highlights ZIP7 as a candidate for therapeutic target of KD for the treatment of neonatal seizure-induced long-term brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Neurology Laboratory, Institute of Pediatrics, Children' Hospital of Soochow University, No.303, Jingde Road, 215003, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Li
- Neurology Laboratory, Institute of Pediatrics, Children' Hospital of Soochow University, No.303, Jingde Road, 215003, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Qi Zhang
- Neurology Laboratory, Institute of Pediatrics, Children' Hospital of Soochow University, No.303, Jingde Road, 215003, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ni
- Neurology Laboratory, Institute of Pediatrics, Children' Hospital of Soochow University, No.303, Jingde Road, 215003, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Coherent and Contradictory Facts, Feats and Fictions Associated with Metal Accumulation in Parkinson's Disease: Epicenter or Outcome, Yet a Demigod Question. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4738-4755. [PMID: 27480264 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Unwarranted exposure due to liberal use of metals for maintaining the lavish life and to achieve the food demand for escalating population along with an incredible boost in the average human life span owing to orchestrated progress in rejuvenation therapy have gradually increased the occurrence of Parkinson's disease (PD). Etiology is albeit elusive; association of PD with metal accumulation has never been overlooked due to noteworthy similitude between metal-exposure symptoms and a few cardinal features of disease. Even though metals are entailed in the vital functions, a hysterical shift, primarily augmentation, escorts the stern nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration. An increase in the passage of metals through the blood brain barrier and impaired metabolic activity and elimination system could lead to metal accumulation in the brain, which eventually makes dopaminergic neurons quite susceptible. In the present article, an update on implication of metal accumulation in PD/Parkinsonism has been provided. Moreover, encouraging and paradoxical facts and fictions associated with metal accumulation in PD/Parkinsonism have also been compiled. Systematic literature survey of PD is performed to describe updated information if metal accumulation is an epicenter or merely an outcome. Finally, a perspective on the association of metal accumulation with pesticide-induced Parkinsonism has been explained to unveil the likely impact of the former in the latter.
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25
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Restoration of intestinal function in an MPTP model of Parkinson's Disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30269. [PMID: 27471168 PMCID: PMC4965866 DOI: 10.1038/srep30269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson’s disease often experience non-motor symptoms including constipation, which manifest prior to the onset of debilitating motor signs. Understanding the causes of these non-motor deficits and developing disease modifying therapeutic strategies has the potential to prevent disease progression. Specific neuronal subpopulations were reduced within the myenteric plexus of mice 21 days after intoxication by the intraperitoneal administration of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) and was associated with a reduction in stool frequency, indicative of intestinal dysfunction. Oral administration of the divalent copper complex, CuII(atsm), which has been shown to be neuroprotective and restore motor performance to MPTP lesioned mice, improved stool frequency and was correlated with restoration of neuronal subpopulations in the myenteric plexus of MPTP lesioned mice. Restoration of intestinal function was associated with reduced enteric glial cell reactivity and reduction of markers of inflammation. Therapeutics that have been shown to be neuroprotective in the central nervous system, such as CuII(atsm), therefore also provide symptom relief and are disease modifying in the intestinal tract, suggesting that there is a common cause of Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis in the enteric nervous system and central nervous system.
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Kambe T, Tsuji T, Hashimoto A, Itsumura N. The Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Roles of Zinc Transporters in Zinc Homeostasis and Metabolism. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:749-84. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00035.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is involved in a variety of biological processes, as a structural, catalytic, and intracellular and intercellular signaling component. Thus zinc homeostasis is tightly controlled at the whole body, tissue, cellular, and subcellular levels by a number of proteins, with zinc transporters being particularly important. In metazoan, two zinc transporter families, Zn transporters (ZnT) and Zrt-, Irt-related proteins (ZIP) function in zinc mobilization of influx, efflux, and compartmentalization/sequestration across biological membranes. During the last two decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular properties, expression, regulation, and cellular and physiological roles of ZnT and ZIP transporters, which underpin the multifarious functions of zinc. Moreover, growing evidence indicates that malfunctioning zinc homeostasis due to zinc transporter dysfunction results in the onset and progression of a variety of diseases. This review summarizes current progress in our understanding of each ZnT and ZIP transporter from the perspective of zinc physiology and pathogenesis, discussing challenging issues in their structure and zinc transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tokuji Tsuji
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Hashimoto
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Itsumura
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Recent studies of ovine neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses from BARN, the Batten Animal Research Network. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2279-86. [PMID: 26073432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies on naturally occurring New Zealand and Australian ovine models of the neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (Batten disease, NCLs) have greatly aided our understanding of these diseases. Close collaborations between the New Zealand groups at Lincoln University and the University of Otago, Dunedin, and a group at the University of Sydney, Australia, led to the formation of BARN, the Batten Animal Research Network. This review focusses on presentations at the 14th International Conference on Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease), recent relevant background work, and previews of work in preparation for publication. Themes include CLN5 and CLN6 neuronal cell culture studies, studies on tissues from affected and control animals and whole animal in vivo studies. Topics include the effect of a CLN6 mutation on endoplasmic reticulum proteins, lysosomal function and the interactions of CLN6 with other lysosomal activities and trafficking, scoping gene-based therapies, a molecular dissection of neuroinflammation, identification of differentially expressed genes in brain tissue, an attempted therapy with an anti-inflammatory drug in vivo and work towards gene therapy in ovine models of the NCLs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: "Current Research on the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease)".
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Faller KME, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Mohammed A, Rahim AA, Tuxworth RI, Wager K, Bond M. The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses: Opportunities from model systems. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2267-78. [PMID: 25937302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are a group of severe and progressive neurodegenerative disorders, generally with childhood onset. Despite the fact that these diseases remain fatal, significant breakthroughs have been made in our understanding of the genetics that underpin these conditions. This understanding has allowed the development of a broad range of models to study disease processes, and to develop new therapeutic approaches. Such models have contributed significantly to our knowledge of these conditions. In this review we will focus on the advantages of each individual model, describe some of the contributions the models have made to our understanding of the broader disease biology and highlight new techniques and approaches relevant to the study and potential treatment of the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: "Current Research on the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease)".
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiterie M E Faller
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Rodrigo Gutierrez-Quintana
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Alamin Mohammed
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ahad A Rahim
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Richard I Tuxworth
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kim Wager
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Michael Bond
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College of London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Dechen K, Richards CD, Lye JC, Hwang JEC, Burke R. Compartmentalized zinc deficiency and toxicities caused by ZnT and Zip gene over expression result in specific phenotypes in Drosophila. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 60:23-33. [PMID: 25562517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Movement of zinc ions across cellular membranes is achieved mainly by two families of zinc transport genes encoding multi-transmembrane domain proteins. Members of the Zip family generally transport zinc into the cytosol, either from outside the cell or from the lumen of subcellular organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, endosomes or storage vacuoles. ZnT proteins move zinc in the opposite direction, resulting in efflux from the cell or uptake into organelles. Zinc homeostasis at both the cellular and systemic level is achieved by the coordinated action of numerous Zip and ZnT proteins, twenty-four in mammals and seventeen in the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster. Previously, we have identified a zinc toxicity phenotype in the Drosophila eye, caused by targeted over expression of dZip42C.1 (dZip1) combined with knockdown of dZnT63C (dZnT1). In general, this phenotype was rescued by increased zinc efflux or decreased uptake and was exacerbated by decreased efflux or increased uptake. Now we have identified three additional zinc dyshomeostasis phenotypes caused by over expression of dZnT86D, dZnT86D(eGFP) and dZip71B(FLAG). Genetic and dietary manipulation experiments showed that these three phenotypes all differ both from each other and from our original zinc toxicity phenotype. Based on these data and the approximate subcellular localization of each zinc transport protein, we propose that each phenotype represents a different redistribution of zinc within these cells, resulting in a Golgi zinc toxicity, a Golgi zinc deficiency and a combined Golgi/other organelle zinc toxicity respectively. We are able to group the remaining Drosophila Zip and ZnT genes into several functional categories based on their interaction with the three novel zinc dyshomeostasis phenotypes, allowing the role of each zinc transport protein to be defined in greater detail. This research highlights the differential effects that redistribution of zinc can have within a particular tissue and identifies the Golgi as being particularly sensitive to both excess and insufficient zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesang Dechen
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | - Jessica C Lye
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joab E C Hwang
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Burke
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
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Grubman A, James SA, James J, Duncan C, Volitakis I, Hickey JL, Crouch PJ, Donnelly PS, Kanninen KM, Liddell JR, Cotman SL, de Jonge, White AR. X-ray fluorescence imaging reveals subcellular biometal disturbances in a childhood neurodegenerative disorder. Chem Sci 2014; 5:2503-2516. [PMID: 24976945 PMCID: PMC4070600 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00316k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biometals such as zinc, iron, copper and calcium play key roles in diverse physiological processes in the brain, but can be toxic in excess. A hallmark of neurodegeneration is a failure of homeostatic mechanisms controlling the concentration and distribution of these elements, resulting in overload, deficiency or mislocalization. A major roadblock to understanding the impact of altered biometal homeostasis in neurodegenerative disease is the lack of rapid, specific and sensitive techniques capable of providing quantitative subcellular information on biometal homeostasis in situ. Recent advances in X-ray fluorescence detectors have provided an opportunity to rapidly measure biometal content at subcellular resolution in cell populations using X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy (XFM). We applied this approach to investigate subcellular biometal homeostasis in a cerebellar cell line isolated from a natural mouse model of a childhood neurodegenerative disorder, the CLN6 form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, commonly known as Batten disease. Despite no global changes to whole cell concentrations of zinc or calcium, XFM revealed significant subcellular mislocalization of these important biological second messengers in cerebellar Cln6nclf (CbCln6nclf ) cells. XFM revealed that nuclear-to-cytoplasmic trafficking of zinc was severely perturbed in diseased cells and the subcellular distribution of calcium was drastically altered in CbCln6nclf cells. Subtle differences in the zinc K-edge X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectra of control and CbCln6nclf cells suggested that impaired zinc homeostasis may be associated with an altered ligand set in CbCln6nclf cells. Importantly, a zinc-complex, ZnII(atsm), restored the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic zinc ratios in CbCln6nclf cells via nuclear zinc delivery, and restored the relationship between subcellular zinc and calcium levels to that observed in healthy control cells. ZnII(atsm) treatment also resulted in a reduction in the number of calcium-rich puncta observed in CbCln6nclf cells. This study highlights the complementarities of bulk and single cell analysis of metal content for understanding disease states. We demonstrate the utility and broad applicability of XFM for subcellular analysis of perturbed biometal metabolism and mechanism of action studies for novel therapeutics to target neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grubman
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - S A James
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton 3168, Australia ; Materials Science and Engineering and the Preventative Health Flagship, CSIRO, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - J James
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - C Duncan
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - I Volitakis
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - J L Hickey
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute for Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - P J Crouch
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - P S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute for Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - K M Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FI-70211, Finland
| | - J R Liddell
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - S L Cotman
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - de Jonge
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - A R White
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
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Grubman A, Pollari E, Duncan C, Caragounis A, Blom T, Volitakis I, Wong A, Cooper J, Crouch PJ, Koistinaho J, Jalanko A, White AR, Kanninen KM. Deregulation of biometal homeostasis: the missing link for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses? Metallomics 2014; 6:932-43. [PMID: 24804307 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00032c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), a group of genetically distinct fatal neurodegenerative disorders with no treatment or cure, are clinically characterised by progressive motor and visual decline leading to premature death. While the underlying pathological mechanisms are yet to be precisely determined, the diseases share several common features including inflammation, lysosomal lipofuscin deposits and lipid abnormalities. An important hallmark of most common neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and motor neuron diseases is deregulation of biologically active metal homeostasis. Metals such as zinc, copper and iron are critical enzyme cofactors and are important for synaptic transmission in the brain, but can mediate oxidative neurotoxicity when homeostatic regulatory mechanisms fail. We previously demonstrated biometal accumulation and altered biometal transporter expression in 3 animal models of CLN6 NCL disease. In this study we investigated the hypothesis that altered biometal homeostasis may be a feature of NCLs in general using 3 additional animal models of CLN1, CLN3 and CLN5 disease. We demonstrated significant accumulation of the biometals zinc, copper, manganese, iron and cobalt in these mice. Patterns of biometal accumulation in each model preceded significant neurodegeneration, and paralleled the relative severity of disease previously described for each model. Additionally, we observed deregulation of transcripts encoding the anti-oxidant protein, metallothionein (Mt), indicative of disruptions to biometal homeostasis. These results demonstrate that altered biometal homeostasis is a key feature of at least 4 genetically distinct forms of NCL disease.
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