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Chung YL, Hou YC, Wang IK, Lu KC, Yen TH. Organophosphate pesticides and new-onset diabetes mellitus: From molecular mechanisms to a possible therapeutic perspective. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1818-1831. [PMID: 34888010 PMCID: PMC8613664 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i11.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate is a commonly used pesticide in the agricultural sector. The main action of organophosphate focuses on acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and it therefore contributes to acute cholinergic crisis, intermediate syndrome and delayed neurotoxicity. From sporadic case series to epidemiologic studies, organophosphate has been linked to hyperglycemia and the occurrence of new-onset diabetes mellitus. Organophosphate-mediated direct damage to pancreatic beta cells, insulin resistance related to systemic inflammation and excessive hepatic gluconeogenesis and polymorphisms of the enzyme governing organophosphate elimination are all possible contributors to the development of new-onset diabetes mellitus. To date, a preventive strategy for organophosphate-mediated new-onset diabetes mellitus is still lacking. However, lowering reactive oxygen species levels may be a practical method to reduce the risk of developing hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Chung
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Cardinal-Tien Hospital, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chou Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - I-Kuan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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