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Gandikota M, Krishnakanth Yadav T, Maram RR, Kalluru S, Sena MB, Siddiq EA, Kalinati Narasimhan Y, Vemireddy LR, Ghanta A. Development of activation-tagged gain-of-functional mutants in indica rice line (BPT 5204) for sheath blight resistance. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:381. [PMID: 38430361 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of sheath blight (ShB) resistance varieties has been a challenge for scientists for long time in rice. Activation tagging is an efficient gain-of-function mutation approach to create novel phenotypes and to identify their underlying genes. In this study, a mutant population was developed employing activation tagging in the recalcitrant indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. BPT 5204 (Samba Mahsuri) through activation tagging. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we have generated more than 1000 activation tagged lines in indica rice, from these mutant population 38 (GFP- RFP+) stable Ds plants were generated through germinal transposition at T2 generation based on molecular analysis and seeds selected on hygromycin (50 mg/L) containing medium segregation analyses confirmed that the transgene inherited as mendelian segregation ratio of 3:1 (3 resistant: 1 susceptible). Of them, five stable activation tagged Ds lines (M-Ds-1, M-Ds-2, M-Ds-3, M-Ds-4 and M-Ds-5) were selected based on phenotypic observation through screening for sheath blight (ShB) resistance caused by fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani),. Among them, M-Ds-3 and M-Ds-5 lines showed significant resistance for ShB over other tagged lines and wild type (WT) plants. Furthermore, analysed for launch pad insertion through TAIL-PCR results and mapped on corresponding rice chromosomes. Flanking sequence and gene expression analysis revealed that the upregulation of glycoside hydrolase-OsGH or similar to Class III chitinase homologue (LOC_Os08g40680) in M-Ds-3 and a hypothetical protein gene (LOC_Os01g55000) in M-Ds-5 are potential candidate genes for sheath blight resistance in rice. CONCLUSION In the present study, we developed Ac-Ds based ShB resistance gain-of-functional mutants through activation tagging in rice. These activation tagged mutant lines can be excellent sources for the development of ShB resistant cultivars in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendranath Gandikota
- Institute of Biotechnology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - T Krishnakanth Yadav
- Institute of Biotechnology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | | | - Sudhamani Kalluru
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya N.G. Ranaga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, 517502, India
| | - M Balachandran Sena
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - E A Siddiq
- Institute of Biotechnology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - Yamini Kalinati Narasimhan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - Lakshminarayana R Vemireddy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya N.G. Ranaga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, 517502, India.
| | - Anuradha Ghanta
- Institute of Biotechnology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India.
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Mutiga SK, Orwa P, Nganga EM, Kyallo MM, Rotich F, Gichuhi E, Kimani JM, Mwongera DT, Were VM, Yanoria MJ, Murori R, Mgonja E, Ziyomo C, Wasilwa L, Bachabi F, Ndjiondjop MN, Ouedraogo I, Correll JC, Talbot NJ. Characterization of Blast Resistance in a Diverse Rice Panel from Sub-Saharan Africa. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1278-1288. [PMID: 36802875 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-22-0379-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is a recent unparalleled increase in demand for rice in sub-Saharan Africa, yet its production is affected by blast disease. Characterization of blast resistance in adapted African rice cultivars can provide important information to guide growers and rice breeders. We used molecular markers for known blast resistance genes (Pi genes; n = 21) to group African rice genotypes (n = 240) into similarity clusters. We then used greenhouse-based assays to challenge representative rice genotypes (n = 56) with African isolates (n = 8) of Magnaporthe oryzae which varied in virulence and genetic lineage. The markers grouped rice cultivars into five blast resistance clusters (BRC) which differed in foliar disease severity. Using stepwise regression, we found that the Pi genes associated with reduced blast severity were Pi50 and Pi65, whereas Pik-p, Piz-t, and Pik were associated with increased susceptibility. All rice genotypes in the most resistant cluster, BRC 4, possessed Pi50 and Pi65, the only genes that were significantly associated with reduced foliar blast severity. Cultivar IRAT109, which contains Piz-t, was resistant against seven African M. oryzae isolates, whereas ARICA 17 was susceptible to eight isolates. The popular Basmati 217 and Basmati 370 were among the most susceptible genotypes. These findings indicate that most tested genes were not effective against African blast pathogen collections. Pyramiding genes in the Pi2/9 multifamily blast resistance cluster on chromosome 6 and Pi65 on chromosome 11 could confer broad-spectrum resistance capabilities. To gain further insights into genomic regions associated with blast resistance, gene mapping could be conducted with resident blast pathogen collections. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K Mutiga
- Biosciences for Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- The University of Arkansas System-Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Martina M Kyallo
- Biosciences for Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Emily Gichuhi
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John M Kimani
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David T Mwongera
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Mary Jeanie Yanoria
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | | | | | - Cathrine Ziyomo
- Biosciences for Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lusike Wasilwa
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Famata Bachabi
- Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), Station de M'bé, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Ibrahima Ouedraogo
- Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - James C Correll
- The University of Arkansas System-Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, U.S.A
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Wang X, Wu W, Zhang Y, Li C, Wang J, Wen J, Zhang S, Yao Y, Lu W, Zhao Z, Zhan J, Pan Q. The Lesson Learned from the Unique Evolutionary Story of Avirulence Gene AvrPii of Magnaporthe oryzae. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051065. [PMID: 37239425 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice production. Understanding population dynamics of the pathogen's avirulence genes is pre-required for breeding and then deploying new cultivars carrying promising resistance genes. The divergence and population structure of AvrPii was dissected in the populations of southern (Guangdong, Hunan, and Guizhou) and northern (Jilin, Liaoning, and Heilongjiang) China, via population genetic and evolutionary approaches. The evolutionary divergence between a known haplotype AvrPii-J and a novel one AvrPii-C was demonstrated by haplotype-specific amplicon-based sequencing and genetic transformation. The different avirulent performances of a set of seven haplotype-chimeric mutants suggested that the integrity of the full-length gene structures is crucial to express functionality of individual haplotypes. All the four combinations of phenotypes/genotypes were detected in the three southern populations, and only two in the northern three, suggesting that genic diversity in the southern region was higher than those in the northern one. The population structure of the AvrPii family was shaped by balancing, purifying, and positive selection pressures in the Chinese populations. The AvrPii-J was recognized as the wild type that emerged before rice domestication. Considering higher frequencies of avirulent isolates were detected in Hunan, Guizhou, and Liaoning, the cognate resistance gene Pii could be continuously used as a basic and critical resistance resource in such regions. The unique population structures of the AvrPii family found in China have significant implications for understanding how the AvrPii family has kept an artful balance and purity among its members (haplotypes) those keenly interact with Pii under gene-for-gene relationships. The lesson learned from case studies on the AvrPii family is that much attention should be paid to haplotype divergence of target gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Rice Blast Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weihuai Wu
- Rice Blast Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yaling Zhang
- Rice Blast Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Rice Blast Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- Rice Blast Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianqiang Wen
- Rice Blast Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shulin Zhang
- Rice Blast Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yongxiang Yao
- Rice Blast Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Corn Research Institute, Dandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dandong 118109, China
| | - Weisheng Lu
- Rice Blast Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenghong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jiasui Zhan
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Qinghua Pan
- Rice Blast Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Jiang Z, Liu X, Li L, Zou X, Sun H. Whole Genome Resource and Genetic Analysis of Magnaporthe oryzae from Two Field Isolates in Northeast China. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:309-311. [PMID: 36597013 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-22-0218-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To screen candidate fungal genes that may relate to avirulence genes corresponding to the host resistance genes, we characterized two field isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae that cause rice blast disease, especially in northeast China, and performed whole-genome resequencing of these two isolates. The genome assembly and annotation data was submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. Our study unveils the predicted fungal effectors of two dominant M. oryzae isolates in northeast China, providing a resource for Avr genes to clone. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyuan Jiang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Xiaowei Zou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
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The Pid Family Has Been Diverged into Xian and Geng Type Resistance Genes against Rice Blast Disease. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050891. [PMID: 35627276 PMCID: PMC9141787 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice blast (the causative agent the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae) represents a major constraint on the productivity of one of the world’s most important staple food crops. Genes encoding resistance have been identified in both the Xian and Geng subspecies genepools, and combining these within new cultivars represents a rational means of combating the pathogen. In this research, deeper allele mining was carried out on Pid2, Pid3, and Pid4 via each comprehensive FNP marker set in three panels consisting of 70 Xian and 58 Geng cultivars. Within Pid2, three functional and one non-functional alleles were identified; the former were only identified in Xian type entries. At Pid3, four functional and one non-functional alleles were identified; once again, all of the former were present in Xian type entries. However, the pattern of variation at Pid4 was rather different: here, the five functional alleles uncovered were dispersed across the Geng type germplasm. Among all the twelve candidate functional alleles, both Pid2-ZS and Pid3-ZS were predominant. Furthermore, the resistance functions of both Pid2-ZS and Pid3-ZS were assured by transformation test. Profiting from the merits of three comprehensive FNP marker sets, the study has validated all three members of the Pid family as having been strictly diverged into Xian and Geng subspecies: Pid2 and Pid3 were defined as Xian type resistance genes, and Pid4 as Geng type. Rather limited genotypes of the Pid family have been effective in both Xian and Geng rice groups, of which Pid2-ZS_Pid3-ZS has been central to the Chinese rice population.
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Mutiga SK, Rotich F, Were VM, Kimani JM, Mwongera DT, Mgonja E, Onaga G, Konaté K, Razanaboahirana C, Bigirimana J, Ndayiragije A, Gichuhi E, Yanoria MJ, Otipa M, Wasilwa L, Ouedraogo I, Mitchell T, Wang GL, Correll JC, Talbot NJ. Integrated Strategies for Durable Rice Blast Resistance in Sub-Saharan Africa. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2749-2770. [PMID: 34253045 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-21-0593-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a key food security crop in Africa. The importance of rice has led to increasing country-specific, regional, and multinational efforts to develop germplasm and policy initiatives to boost production for a more food-secure continent. Currently, this critically important cereal crop is predominantly cultivated by small-scale farmers under suboptimal conditions in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Rice blast disease, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, represents one of the major biotic constraints to rice production under small-scale farming systems of Africa, and developing durable disease resistance is therefore of critical importance. In this review, we provide an overview of the major advances by a multinational collaborative research effort to enhance sustainable rice production across SSA and how it is affected by advances in regional policy. As part of the multinational effort, we highlight the importance of joint international partnerships in tackling multiple crop production constraints through integrated research and outreach programs. More specifically, we highlight recent progress in establishing international networks for rice blast disease surveillance, farmer engagement, monitoring pathogen virulence spectra, and the establishment of regionally based blast resistance breeding programs. To develop blast-resistant, high yielding rice varieties for Africa, we have established a breeding pipeline that utilizes real-time data of pathogen diversity and virulence spectra, to identify major and minor blast resistance genes for introgression into locally adapted rice cultivars. In addition, the project has developed a package to support sustainable rice production through regular stakeholder engagement, training of agricultural extension officers, and establishment of plant clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K Mutiga
- Biosciences eastern and central Africa - International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A
| | - Felix Rotich
- Department of Agricultural Resource Management, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
| | - Vincent M Were
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K
| | - John M Kimani
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David T Mwongera
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Geoffrey Onaga
- National Agricultural Research Organization, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kadougoudiou Konaté
- Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | | | - Emily Gichuhi
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Miriam Otipa
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lusike Wasilwa
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ibrahima Ouedraogo
- Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Thomas Mitchell
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A
| | - James C Correll
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A
| | - Nicholas J Talbot
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UH, U.K
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Wang W, Su J, Chen K, Yang J, Chen S, Wang C, Feng A, Wang Z, Wei X, Zhu X, Lu GD, Zhou B. Dynamics of the Rice Blast Fungal Population in the Field After Deployment of an Improved Rice Variety Containing Known Resistance Genes. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:919-928. [PMID: 32967563 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-20-1348-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most destructive diseases of rice worldwide. Management through the deployment of host resistance genes would be facilitated by understanding the dynamics of the pathogen's population in the field. Here, to investigate the mechanism underlying the breakdown of disease resistance, we conducted a six-year field experiment to monitor the evolution of M. oryzae populations in Qujiang from Guangdong. The new variety of Xin-Yin-Zhan (XYZ) carrying R genes Pi50 and Pib was developed using the susceptible elite variety, Ma-Ba-Yin-Zhan (MBYZ), as the recurrent line. Field trials of disease resistance assessment revealed that the disease indices of XYZ in 2012, 2013, 2016, and 2017 were 0.19, 0.39, 0.70, and 0.90, respectively, indicating that XYZ displayed a very rapid increase of disease severity in the field. To investigate the mechanism underlying the quick erosion of resistance of XYZ, we collected isolates from both XYZ and MBYZ for pathogenicity testing against six different isogenic lines. The isolates collected from XYZ showed a similar virulence spectrum across four different years whereas those from MBYZ showed increasing virulence to the Pi50 and Pib isogenic lines from 2012 to 2017. Molecular analysis of AvrPib in the isolates from MBYZ identified four different AvrPib haplotypes, i.e., AvrPib-AP1-1, AvrPib-AP1-2, avrPib-AP2, and avrPib-AP3, verified by sequencing. AvrPib-AP1-1 and AvrPib-AP1-2 are avirulent to Pib whereas avrPib-AP2 and avrPib-AP3 are virulent. Insertions of a Pot3 and an Mg-SINE were identified in avrPib-AP2 and avrPib-AP3, respectively. Two major lineages based on rep-PCR analysis were further deduced in the field population, implying that the field population is composed of genetically related isolates. Our data suggest that clonal propagation and quick dominance of virulent isolates against the previously resistant variety could be the major genetic events contributing to the loss of varietal resistance against rice blast in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jing Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kailing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jianyuan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Congying Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Aiqing Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Ocean Science, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guo-Dong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
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Huang Z, Wang J, Zhang Y, Yao Y, Huang L, Yang X, Wang L, Pan Q. Dynamics of Race Structures of Pyricularia oryzae Populations Across 18 Seasons in Guangdong Province, China. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:144-148. [PMID: 32706326 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-20-1438-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, is one of the most damaging fungal diseases affecting rice. Understanding how the pathogen's race structure varies over time supports the efforts of rice breeders to develop improved cultivars. Here, the race structure of P. oryzae in Guangdong province, China, where rice is cropped twice per year, was assessed over 18 seasons from 1999 through 2008. The analysis was based on the reactions of a panel of seven differential Chinese cultivars to inoculation with a set of 1,248 isolates of P. oryzae in the province. The "total race frequency" parameter ranged from 14.7 to 39.7%, and the "race diversity index" ranged from 0.63 to 0.93. Twelve (ZA63, ZA31, ZA29, ZA21, ZA13, ZA9, ZB30, ZB17, ZB8, ZB2, ZC14, and ZC8) and two (ZD8 and ZD3) races were recognized as specific to indica and japonica rice types, respectively. Of the 59 distinct races identified, only two indica type races (ZC13 and ZC15) were identified as population-common, and nine indica type races (ZB1, ZB5, ZB6, ZB7, ZB13, ZB15, ZC5, ZC13, and ZC15) and one japonica type race (ZG1) were deemed to be population-dominant; the "total top two race isolate frequency" parameter ranged from 29.8 to 74.5%. On the host side, dynamics of resistance structures of the differential set were divided into three patterns: Both Tetep and Kanto 51 expressed the highest and most stable resistance, both Sifeng 43 and Lijiangxintuanheigu conveyed much lower and unstable resistance, and Zhenlong 13, Dongnong 363, and Heijiang 18 performed intermediate and seasonally dynamic resistance. Three interesting points distinguishing race structures of P. oryzae populations in southern and northeastern China were also discussed.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yaling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Yongxiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Dandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dandong, Liaoning 118109, China
| | - Lifei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Xueyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qinghua Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Pang W, Liang Y, Zhan Z, Li X, Piao Z. Development of a Sinitic Clubroot Differential Set for the Pathotype Classification of Plasmodiophora brassicae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:568771. [PMID: 32983217 PMCID: PMC7488845 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.568771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodiophora brassicae, which is known for its broad genetic diversity for virulence, is the causal agent of clubroot disease of Brassica crops worldwide. Studies on pathotype characterization with four differential hosts according to Williams' classification system showed the predominance of pathotype 4 in China. However, the genetic variability within pathotype 4 complicates the breeding of durable clubroot-resistant (CR) cultivars. Herein, a Sinitic clubroot differential (SCD) set was developed using a set of eight differential inbred lines of Chinese cabbage with known or novel CR genes. The presence of immense diversity within pathotype 4 of Williams' system was verified, and 11 pathotypes were characterized using the developed SCD system. The scalability and practicability of the system was further confirmed with a subset of 95 field isolates from different Brassica crops and different regions of China and Korea. Sixteen pathotypes were detected from 132 field isolates, named Pb1 to Pb16, respectively. Among them, Pb1 and Pb4 were prevalent in diverse Brassica crops in the southern and northern regions of China. Pb12, Pb13, Pb14, and Pb16 showed area-specific distribution. The SCD set developed herein will provide important genetic resources for pathogenicity studies of P. brassicae and for CR breeding in Chinese cabbage and other Brassica crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Pang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zongxiang Zhan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongyun Piao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongyun Piao,
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Xiao W, Yang Q, Huang M, Guo T, Liu Y, Wang J, Yang G, Zhou J, Yang J, Zhu X, Chen Z, Wang H. Improvement of rice blast resistance by developing monogenic lines, two-gene pyramids and three-gene pyramid through MAS. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:78. [PMID: 31686256 PMCID: PMC6828908 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) is one of the most destructive diseases in rice production. Development of resistant varieties through pyramiding of resistant (R) genes is considered as an effective strategy to cope with the disease. However, is it really essential to pyramid more R genes in a specific ecological regions? To answer this question, a set of rice improved lines were developed in this study. Afterwards, the blast disease resistance and agronomic traits of the recurrent parent (RP), donor parents (DPs) and improved lines were investigated. RESULTS We developed seven improved lines, comprising three monogenic lines, three two-gene pyramids and one three-gene pyramid, by introgression of R gene(s) into a common genetic background using marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB). Based on 302 SSR markers, the recurrent genome of the seven improved lines reached a range of 89.1 to 95.5%, with the average genome recovery of 92.9%. The pathogenicity assays inoculated with 32 different blast isolates under artificial conditions showed that the resistance spectrum of all the improved lines was significantly broadened. The assays further showed that the two-gene pyramids and the three-gene pyramid exhibited wider resistance spectrum than the monogenic lines. At natural nurseries, the three monogenic lines still showed high ratios of infected panicles, whereas the two-gene pyramids and the three-gene pyramid showed high level of panicle blast resistance. However, the two-gene pyramid R504 reached the similar resistance effect of the three-gene pyramid R507 considering resistance spectrum under artificial conditions and panicle blast resistance under field conditions. Generally, the improved lines showed comparable agronomic traits compared with the recurrent parent (RP), but the three-gene pyramid showed reduced grain yield per plant. CONCLUSIONS All the improved lines conferred wider resistance spectrum compared with the RP. Yet, the three monogenic lines did not work under field conditions of the two nurseries. Given the similar performances on the main agronomic traits as the RP, the two-gene pyramids have achieved the breeding goals of broad resistance spectrum and effective panicle blast resistance. Whereas, the three-gene pyramid harboring Pi2, Pi46 and Pita seems superfluous considering its reduced yield, although it also showed displayed high level of blast resistance. Thus, rational use of R genes rather than stacking more R genes is recommended to control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuming Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiyun Yang
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Guili Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- Guangdong Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Guangzhou, 510520, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyuan Yang
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhu
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Yao Y, Jin X, Correll J, Wang L, Pan Q. Dynamics of Race Structures of the Rice Blast Pathogen Population in Heilongjiang Province, China From 2006 Through 2015. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:2759-2763. [PMID: 31509496 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-18-1741-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive diseases of rice. Its control through the deployment of host resistance genes would be facilitated by understanding the pathogen's race structure. Here, dynamics of race structures in this decade in Heilongjiang province were characterized by Chinese differential cultivars. Two patterns of dynamics of the race structures emerged: both race diversity and population-specific races increased gradually between 2006 and 2011, but they increased much more sharply between 2011 and 2015, with concomitant falls in both the population-common races and dominant races. Four races (ZD1, ZD3, ZD5, and ZE1) were among the top three dominant races over the whole period, indicating that the core of the race structure remained stable through this decade. On the host side, the composition of resistance in the cultivar differential set could be divided in two: the three indica-type entries of the differential set expressed a higher level of resistance to the population of M. oryzae isolates tested than did the four japonica-type entries. The cultivars Tetep and Zhenlong 13 as well as two additional resistance genes α and ε were confirmed as the most promising donors of blast resistance for the local rice improvement programs.[Formula: see text]Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresurces, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresurces, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongxiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresurces, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Dandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dandong 118109, China
| | - Xuehui Jin
- College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - James Correll
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, AR, U.S.A
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresurces, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qinghua Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresurces, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Li T, Wen J, Zhang Y, Correll J, Wang L, Pan Q. Reconstruction of an SSR-based Magnaporthe oryzae physical map to locate avirulence gene AvrPi12. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:47. [PMID: 29855268 PMCID: PMC5984427 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogen avirulence (Avr) genes can evolve rapidly when challenged by the widespread deployment of host genes for resistance. They can be effectively isolated by positional cloning provided a robust and well-populated genetic map is available. RESULTS An updated, SSR-based physical map of the rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae (Mo) has been constructed based on 116 of the 120 SSRs used to assemble the last map, along with 18 newly developed ones. A comparison between the two versions of the map has revealed an altered marker content and order within most of the Mo chromosomes. The avirulence gene AvrPi12 was mapped in a population of 219 progeny derived from a cross between the two Mo isolates CHL42 and CHL357. A bulked segregant analysis indicated that the gene was located on chromosome 6, a conclusion borne out by an analysis of the pattern of segregation shown by individual isolates. Six additional PCR-based markers were developed to improve the map resolution in the key region. AvrPi12 was finally located within the sub-telomeric region of chromosome 6, distal to the SSR locus LSM6-5. CONCLUSIONS The improved SSR-based linkage map should be useful as a platform for gene mapping and isolation in Mo. It was used to establish the location of AvrPi12, thereby providing a starting point for its positional cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghui Li
- State Key laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresurces, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Jianqiang Wen
- State Key laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresurces, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Yaling Zhang
- State Key laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresurces, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - James Correll
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresurces, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Qinghua Pan
- State Key laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropic Agrobioresurces, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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