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Cozzi S, Bardoscia L, Najafi M, Botti A, Blandino G, Augugliaro M, Manicone M, Iori F, Giaccherini L, Sardaro A, Iotti C, Ciammella P. Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma/Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate: Overview and Update on Rare Prostate Cancer Subtypes. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:1866-1876. [PMID: 35323352 PMCID: PMC8947681 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29030152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma/basaloid cell carcinoma of the prostate (ACC/BCC) is a very rare variant of prostate cancer with uncertain behavior. Few cases are reported in the literature. Data on treatment options are scarce. The aim of our work was to retrospectively review the published reports. Thirty-three case reports or case series were analyzed (106 patients in total). Pathological features, management, and follow-up information were evaluated. Despite the relatively low level of evidence given the unavoidable lack of prospective trials for such a rare prostate tumor, the following considerations were made: prostate ACC/BCC is an aggressive tumor often presenting with locally advanced disease and incidental diagnosis occurs during transurethral resection of the prostate for urinary obstructive symptoms. Prostate-specific antigen was not a reliable marker for diagnosis nor follow-up. Adequate staging with Computed Tomography (CT) scan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) should be performed before treatment and during follow-up, while there is no evidence for the use of Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Radical surgery with negative margins and possibly adjuvant radiotherapy appear to be the treatments of choice. The response to androgen deprivation therapy was poor. Currently, there is no evidence of the use of truly effective systemic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Cozzi
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy or (S.C.); (G.B.); (M.A.); (M.M.); (F.I.); (L.G.); (C.I.); (P.C.)
| | - Lilia Bardoscia
- Radiation Oncology Unit, S. Luca Hospital, Healthcare Company Tuscany Nord Ovest, 55100 Lucca, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Masoumeh Najafi
- Department of Radiation Oncology Shohadaye Haft-e-Tir Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Teheran 1449614535, Iran;
| | - Andrea Botti
- Medical Physics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Gladys Blandino
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy or (S.C.); (G.B.); (M.A.); (M.M.); (F.I.); (L.G.); (C.I.); (P.C.)
| | - Matteo Augugliaro
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy or (S.C.); (G.B.); (M.A.); (M.M.); (F.I.); (L.G.); (C.I.); (P.C.)
| | - Moana Manicone
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy or (S.C.); (G.B.); (M.A.); (M.M.); (F.I.); (L.G.); (C.I.); (P.C.)
| | - Federico Iori
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy or (S.C.); (G.B.); (M.A.); (M.M.); (F.I.); (L.G.); (C.I.); (P.C.)
| | - Lucia Giaccherini
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy or (S.C.); (G.B.); (M.A.); (M.M.); (F.I.); (L.G.); (C.I.); (P.C.)
| | - Angela Sardaro
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Iotti
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy or (S.C.); (G.B.); (M.A.); (M.M.); (F.I.); (L.G.); (C.I.); (P.C.)
| | - Patrizia Ciammella
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy or (S.C.); (G.B.); (M.A.); (M.M.); (F.I.); (L.G.); (C.I.); (P.C.)
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