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Guo W, Li G, Wang N, Yang C, Peng H, Wang M, Liu D. Hen Egg White Lysozyme (HEWL) Confers Resistance to Verticillium Wilt in Cotton by Inhibiting the Spread of Fungus and Generating ROS Burst. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17164. [PMID: 38138993 PMCID: PMC10743298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is a soil-borne vascular disease caused by the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae. It causes great harm to upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) yield and quality. A previous study has shown that Hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) exerts strong inhibitory activity against V. dahliae in vitro. In the current study, we introduced the HEWL gene into cotton through the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and the exogenous HEWL protein was successfully expressed in cotton. Our study revealed that HEWL was able to significantly inhibit the proliferation of V. dahlia in cotton. Consequently, the overexpression of HEWL effectively improved the resistance to Verticillium wilt in transgenic cotton. In addition, ROS accumulation and NO content increased rapidly after the V. dahliae inoculation of plant leaves overexpressing HEWL. In addition, the expression of the PR genes was significantly up-regulated. Taken together, our results suggest that HEWL significantly improves resistance to Verticillium wilt by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungus, triggering ROS burst, and activating PR genes expression in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dehu Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Liu Z, Zhao F, Huang Z, Hu Q, Meng R, Lin Y, Qi J, Lin G. Revisiting the Asian Buffalo Leech ( Hirudinaria manillensis) Genome: Focus on Antithrombotic Genes and Their Corresponding Proteins. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2068. [PMID: 38003011 PMCID: PMC10671345 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Leeches are well-known annelids due to their obligate blood-feeding habits. Some leech species secrete various biologically active substances which have important medical and pharmaceutical value in antithrombotic treatments. In this study, we provided a high-quality genome of the Asian buffalo leech (Hirudinaria manillensis), based on which we performed a systematic identification of potential antithrombotic genes and their corresponding proteins. Combining automatic and manual prediction, we identified 21 antithrombotic gene families including fourteen coagulation inhibitors, three platelet aggregation inhibitors, three fibrinolysis enhancers, and one tissue penetration enhancer. A total of 72 antithrombotic genes, including two pseudogenes, were identified, including most of their corresponding proteins forming three or more disulfide bonds. Three protein families (LDTI, antistasin, and granulin) had internal tandem repeats containing 6, 10, and 12 conserved cysteines, respectively. We also measured the anticoagulant activities of the five identified hirudins (hirudin_Hman1 ~ hirudin_Hman5). The results showed that three (hirudin_Hman1, hirudin_Hman2, and hirudin_Hman5), but not the remaining two, exhibited anticoagulant activities. Our study provides the most comprehensive collection of antithrombotic biomacromolecules from a leech to date. These results will greatly facilitate the research and application of leech derivatives for medical and pharmaceutical purposes in the treatment of thrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Leech Resources in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China; (Z.L.); (Q.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Fang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China; (F.Z.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zuhao Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China; (F.Z.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qingmei Hu
- Engineering Research Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Leech Resources in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China; (Z.L.); (Q.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Renyuan Meng
- Engineering Research Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Leech Resources in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China; (Z.L.); (Q.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Yiquan Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China; (F.Z.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jianxia Qi
- Nujiang Management Bureau of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, Nujiang 673199, China;
| | - Gonghua Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China; (F.Z.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
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Wang Y, Sun F, Wang Z, Duan X, Li Q, Pang Y, Gou M. Peptidomics Analysis Reveals the Buccal Gland of Jawless Vertebrate Lamprey as a Source of Multiple Bioactive Peptides. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:389. [PMID: 37504920 PMCID: PMC10381800 DOI: 10.3390/md21070389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Various proteins with antibacterial, anticoagulant, and anti-inflammatory properties have been identified in the buccal glands of jawless blood-sucking vertebrate lampreys. However, studies on endogenous peptides in the buccal gland of lampreys are limited. In this study, 4528 endogenous peptides were identified from 1224 precursor proteins using peptidomics and screened for bioactivity in the buccal glands of the lamprey, Lethenteron camtschaticum. We synthesized four candidate bioactive peptides (VSLNLPYSVVRGEQFVVQA, DIPVPEVPILE, VVQLPPVVLGTFG, and VPPPPLVLPPASVK), calculated their secondary structures, and validated their bioactivity. The results showed that the peptide VSLNLPYSVVRGEQFVVQA possessed anti-inflammatory activity, which significantly increased the expression of anti-inflammatory factors and decreased the expression of inflammatory factors in THP-1 cells. The peptide VVQLPPVVLGTFG showed antibacterial activity against some gram-positive bacteria. The peptide VSLNLPYSVVRGEQFVQA possessed good ACE inhibitory activity at low concentrations, but no dose-related correlation was observed. Our study revealed that the buccal glands of the jawless vertebrate lamprey are a source of multiple bioactive peptides, which will provide new insights into the blood-sucking mechanism of lamprey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaocen Wang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Feng Sun
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Zhuoying Wang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xuyuan Duan
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Meng Gou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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Marin E, Kornilov DA, Bukhdruker SS, Aleksenko VA, Manuvera VA, Zinovev EV, Kovalev KV, Shevtsov MB, Talyzina AA, Bobrovsky PA, Kuzmichev PK, Mishin AV, Gushchin IY, Lazarev VN, Borshchevskiy VI. Structural insights into thrombolytic activity of destabilase from medicinal leech. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6641. [PMID: 37095116 PMCID: PMC10126035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Destabilase from the medical leech Hirudo medicinalis belongs to the family of i-type lysozymes. It has two different enzymatic activities: microbial cell walls destruction (muramidase activity), and dissolution of the stabilized fibrin (isopeptidase activity). Both activities are known to be inhibited by sodium chloride at near physiological concentrations, but the structural basis remains unknown. Here we present two crystal structures of destabilase, including a 1.1 Å-resolution structure in complex with sodium ion. Our structures reveal the location of sodium ion between Glu34/Asp46 residues, which were previously recognized as a glycosidase active site. While sodium coordination with these amino acids may explain inhibition of the muramidase activity, its influence on previously suggested Ser49/Lys58 isopeptidase activity dyad is unclear. We revise the Ser49/Lys58 hypothesis and compare sequences of i-type lysozymes with confirmed destabilase activity. We suggest that the general base for the isopeptidase activity is His112 rather than Lys58. pKa calculations of these amino acids, assessed through the 1 μs molecular dynamics simulation, confirm the hypothesis. Our findings highlight the ambiguity of destabilase catalytic residues identification and build foundations for further research of structure-activity relationship of isopeptidase activity as well as structure-based protein design for potential anticoagulant drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor Marin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Valentin A Manuvera
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor V Zinovev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | | | - Anna A Talyzina
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Pavel A Bobrovsky
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexey V Mishin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ivan Y Gushchin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Vassili N Lazarev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentin I Borshchevskiy
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia.
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Lysozyme and Its Application as Antibacterial Agent in Food Industry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196305. [PMID: 36234848 PMCID: PMC9572377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysozymes are hydrolytic enzymes characterized by their ability to cleave the β-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds in peptidoglycan, a major structural component of the bacterial cell wall. This hydrolysis action compromises the integrity of the cell wall, causing the lysis of bacteria. For more than 80 years, its role of antibacterial defense in animals has been renowned, and it is also used as a preservative in foods and pharmaceuticals. In order to improve the antimicrobial efficacy of lysozyme, extensive research has been intended for its modifications. This manuscript reviews the natural antibiotic compound lysozyme with reference to its catalytic and non-catalytic mode of antibacterial action, lysozyme types, susceptibility and resistance of bacteria, modification of lysozyme molecules, and its applications in the food industry.
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Ferraboschi P, Ciceri S, Grisenti P. Applications of Lysozyme, an Innate Immune Defense Factor, as an Alternative Antibiotic. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1534. [PMID: 34943746 PMCID: PMC8698798 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysozyme is a ~14 kDa protein present in many mucosal secretions (tears, saliva, and mucus) and tissues of animals and plants, and plays an important role in the innate immunity, providing protection against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Three main different types of lysozymes are known: the c-type (chicken or conventional type), the g-type (goose type), and the i-type (invertebrate type). It has long been the subject of several applications due to its antimicrobial properties. The problem of antibiotic resistance has stimulated the search for new molecules or new applications of known compounds. The use of lysozyme as an alternative antibiotic is the subject of this review, which covers the results published over the past two decades. This review is focused on the applications of lysozyme in medicine, (the treatment of infectious diseases, wound healing, and anti-biofilm), veterinary, feed, food preservation, and crop protection. It is available from a wide range of sources, in addition to the well-known chicken egg white, and its synergism with other compounds, endowed with antimicrobial activity, are also summarized. An overview of the modified lysozyme applications is provided in the form of tables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ferraboschi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via C. Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Samuele Ciceri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy;
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Bobrovsky P, Manuvera V, Baskova I, Nemirova S, Medvedev A, Lazarev V. Recombinant Destabilase from Hirudo medicinalis Is Able to Dissolve Human Blood Clots In Vitro. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:2068-2081. [PMID: 34889897 PMCID: PMC8929072 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leeches are amazing animals that can be classified as conditionally poisonous animals since the salivary cocktail they produce is injected directly into the victim, and its components have strictly defined biological purposes, such as preventing blood clot formation. Thrombolytic drugs are mainly aimed at treating newly formed blood clots. Aged clots are stabilized by a large number of isopeptide bonds that prevent the action of thrombolytics. These bonds are destroyed by destabilase, an enzyme of the leech’s salivary glands. Here, we conducted a pilot study to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the use of destabilase in relation to blood clots formed during real pathological processes. We evaluated the isopeptidase activity of destabilase during the formation of a stabilized fibrin clot. We showed that destabilase does not affect the internal and external coagulation cascades. We calculated the dose–response curve and tested the ability of destabilase to destroy isopeptide bonds in natural blood clots. The effect of aged and fresh clots dissolving ability after treatment with destabilase coincided with the morphological characteristics of clots during surgery. Thus, recombinant destabilase can be considered as a potential drug for the treatment of aged clots, which are difficult to treat with known thrombolytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Bobrovsky
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.); (V.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9166047849
| | - Valentin Manuvera
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.); (V.L.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Izolda Baskova
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Svetlana Nemirova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Privolzhsky Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Alexandr Medvedev
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Privolzhsky Research Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Vassili Lazarev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (V.M.); (V.L.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
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9
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Csobán-Szabó Z, Fésüs L, Király R. Protein-peptide based assay for the characterization of human blood coagulation factor XIII-A isopeptidase activity. Anal Biochem 2020; 600:113699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Ran R, Li T, Liu X, Ni H, Li W, Meng F. RNA interference-mediated silencing of genes involved in the immune responses of the soybean pod borer Leguminivora glycinivorella (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae). PeerJ 2018; 6:e4931. [PMID: 29910977 PMCID: PMC6003399 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) technology may be useful for developing new crop protection strategies against the soybean pod borer (SPB; Leguminivora glycinivorella), which is a critical soybean pest in northeastern Asia. Immune-related genes have been recently identified as potential RNAi targets for controlling insects. However, little is known about these genes or mechanisms underlying their expression in the SPB. In this study, we completed a transcriptome-wide analysis of SPB immune-related genes. We identified 41 genes associated with SPB microbial recognition proteins, immune-related effectors or signalling molecules in immune response pathways (e.g., Toll and immune deficiency pathways). Eleven of these genes were selected for a double-stranded RNA artificial feeding assay. The down-regulated expression levels of LgToll-5-1a and LgPGRP-LB2a resulted in relatively high larval mortality rates and abnormal development. Our data represent a comprehensive genetic resource for immune-related SPB genes, and may contribute to the elucidation of the mechanism regulating innate immunity in Lepidoptera species. Furthermore, two immune-related SPB genes were identified as potential RNAi targets, which may be used in the development of RNAi-mediated SPB control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Ran
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in the Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in the Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in the Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hejia Ni
- Colleges of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in the Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fanli Meng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in the Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Hernández-Vargas MJ, Gil J, Lozano L, Pedraza-Escalona M, Ortiz E, Encarnación-Guevara S, Alagón A, Corzo G. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of saliva components from the hematophagous reduviid Triatoma pallidipennis. J Proteomics 2017; 162:30-39. [PMID: 28442446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Species belonging to the Triatominae subfamily are commonly associated with Chagas disease, as they are potential vectors of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. However, their saliva contains a cocktail of diverse anti-hemostatic proteins that prevent blood coagulation, vasodilation and platelet aggregation of blood; components with indisputable therapeutic potential. We performed a transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of salivary glands and protein spots from 2DE gels of milked saliva, respectively, from the Mexican Triatoma pallidipennis. Massive sequencing techniques were used to reveal this protein diversity. A total of 78 out of 233 transcripts were identified as proteins in the saliva, divided among 43 of 55 spots from 2DE gels of saliva, identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. Some of the annotated transcripts putatively code for anti-hemostatic proteins, which share sequence similarities with proteins previously described for South American triatomines. The most abundant as well as diverse transcripts and proteins in the saliva were the anti-hemostatic triabins. For the first time, a transcriptomic analysis uncovered other unrelated but relevant components in triatomines, including antimicrobial and thrombolytic polypeptides. Likewise, unique proteins such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme were identified not just in the salivary gland transcriptome but also at saliva proteome of this North American bloodsucking insect. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This manuscript is the first report of the correlation between proteome and transcriptome of Triatoma pallidipennis, which shows for the first time the presence of proteins in this insect that have not been characterized in other species of this family. This information contributes to a better understanding of the multiple host defense mechanisms that are being affected at the moment of blood ingestion by the insect. Furthermore, this report gives a repertoire of possible therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Hernández-Vargas
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 61500, Mexico
| | - Jeovanis Gil
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas - UNAM, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Luis Lozano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas - UNAM, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Martha Pedraza-Escalona
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 61500, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Ortiz
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 61500, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Alagón
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 61500, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Corzo
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 61500, Mexico.
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