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Barrett-Jolley R, German AJ. Variables associated with owner perceptions of the health of their dog: Further analysis of data from a large international survey. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0280173. [PMID: 38748734 PMCID: PMC11095744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In a recent study (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265662), associations were identified between owner-reported dog health status and diet, whereby those fed a vegan diet were perceived to be healthier. However, the study was limited because it did not consider possible confounding from variables not included in the analysis. The aim of the current study was to extend these earlier findings, using different modelling techniques and including multiple variables, to identify the most important predictors of owner perceptions of dog health. From the original dataset, two binary outcome variables were created: the 'any health problem' distinguished dogs that owners perceived to be healthy ("no") from those perceived to have illness of any severity; the 'significant illness' variable distinguished dogs that owners perceived to be either healthy or having mild illness ("no") from those perceived to have significant or serious illness ("yes"). Associations between these health outcomes and both owner-animal metadata and healthcare variables were assessed using logistic regression and machine learning predictive modelling using XGBoost. For the any health problem outcome, best-fit models for both logistic regression (area under curve [AUC] 0.842) and XGBoost (AUC 0.836) contained the variables dog age, veterinary visits and received medication, whilst owner age and breed size category also featured. For the significant illness outcome, received medication, veterinary visits, dog age and were again the most important predictors for both logistic regression (AUC 0.903) and XGBoost (AUC 0.887), whilst breed size category, education and owner age also featured in the latter. Any contribution from the dog vegan diet variable was negligible. The results of the current study extend the previous research using the same dataset and suggest that diet has limited impact on owner-perceived dog health status; instead, dog age, frequency of veterinary visits and receiving medication are most important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Barrett-Jolley
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. German
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Cao JW, Lake J, Impastato R, Chow L, Perez L, Chubb L, Kurihara J, Verneris MR, Dow S. Targeting osteosarcoma with canine B7-H3 CAR T cells and impact of CXCR2 Co-expression on functional activity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:77. [PMID: 38554158 PMCID: PMC10981605 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The use of large animal spontaneous models of solid cancers, such as dogs with osteosarcoma (OS), can help develop new cancer immunotherapy approaches, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. The goal of the present study was to generate canine CAR T cells targeting the B7-H3 (CD276) co-stimulatory molecule overexpressed by several solid cancers, including OS in both humans and dogs, and to assess their ability to recognize B7-H3 expressed by canine OS cell lines or by canine tumors in xenograft models. A second objective was to determine whether a novel dual CAR that expressed a chemokine receptor together with the B7-H3 CAR improved the activity of the canine CAR T cells. Therefore, in the studies reported here we examined B7-H3 expression by canine OS tumors, evaluated target engagement by canine B7-H3 CAR T cells in vitro, and compared the relative effectiveness of B7-H3 CAR T cells versus B7-H3-CXCR2 dual CAR T cells in canine xenograft models. We found that most canine OS tumors expressed B7-H3; whereas, levels were undetectable on normal dog tissues. Both B7-H3 CAR T cells demonstrated activation and OS-specific target killing in vitro, but there was significantly greater cytokine production by B7-H3-CXCR2 CAR T cells. In canine OS xenograft models, little anti-tumor activity was generated by B7-H3 CAR T cells; whereas, B7-H3-CXCR2 CAR T cells significantly inhibited tumor growth, inducing complete tumor elimination in most treated mice. These findings indicated therefore that addition of a chemokine receptor could significantly improve the anti-tumor activity of canine B7-H3 CAR T cells, and that evaluation of this new dual CAR construct in dogs with primary or metastatic OS is warranted since such studies could provide a critical and realistic validation of the chemokine receptor concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1678, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jessica Lake
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital of Colorado, Research Complex 1, North Tower 12800 E. 19th Ave. Mail Stop 8302, Room P18-4108, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Renata Impastato
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Luisanny Perez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Laura Chubb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jade Kurihara
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Michael R Verneris
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital of Colorado, Research Complex 1, North Tower 12800 E. 19th Ave. Mail Stop 8302, Room P18-4108, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Steven Dow
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1678, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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O'Neill DG, Edmunds GL, Urquhart-Gilmore J, Church DB, Rutherford L, Smalley MJ, Brodbelt DC. Dog breeds and conformations predisposed to osteosarcoma in the UK: a VetCompass study. Canine Med Genet 2023; 10:8. [PMID: 37365662 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-023-00131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone neoplasia that has high welfare consequences for affected dogs. Awareness of breed and canine conformational risk factors for osteosarcoma can assist with earlier diagnosis and improved clinical management. Study of osteosarcoma in dogs also offers translational value for humans. Anonymised clinical data within VetCompass on dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK were searched for osteosarcoma cases. Descriptive statistics reported overall and breed-specific prevalence. Risk factor analysis used multivariable logistic regression modelling. RESULTS From 905,552 study dogs, 331 osteosarcoma cases were confirmed yielding a one-year period prevalence of 0.037% (95% CI: 0.033-0.041). Breeds with the highest annual prevalence were the Scottish Deerhound (3.28%, 95% CI 0.90-8.18), Leonberger (1.48%, 95% CI 0.41- 3.75), Great Dane (0.87%, 95% CI 0.43- 1.55) and Rottweiler (0.84%, 95% CI 0.64-1.07). The median age at diagnosis was 9.64 years (IQR: 7.97-11.41). Following multivariable modelling, 11 breeds showed increased odds of osteosarcoma compared with crossbred dogs. Breeds with the highest odds included Scottish Deerhound (OR 118.40, 95% CI 41.12-340.95), Leonberger (OR 55.79, 95% CI 19.68-158.15), Great Dane (OR 34.24, 95% CI 17.81-65.83) and Rottweiler (OR 26.67, 95% CI 18.57-38.29). Compared with breeds with mesocephalic skull conformation, breeds with dolichocephalic skull conformation (OR 2.72, 95% CI 2.06-3.58) had increased odds while breeds with brachycephalic skull conformation showed reduced odds (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.32-0.80). Chondrodystrophic breeds had 0.10 times the odds (95% CI 0.06-0.15) compared with non-chondrodystrophic breeds. Increasing adult bodyweight was associated with increasing odds of osteosarcoma. CONCLUSIONS The current study cements the concept that breed, bodyweight and longer leg or longer skull length are all strong risk factors for osteosarcoma in dogs. With this awareness, veterinarians can update their clinical suspicion and judgement, breeders can select towards lower-risk animals, and researchers can robustly define more useful study populations for fundamental and translational bioscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan G O'Neill
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK.
| | - Grace L Edmunds
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol and Langford Vets, Stock Lane, Langford, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - Jade Urquhart-Gilmore
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK
| | - David B Church
- Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Lynda Rutherford
- Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Matthew J Smalley
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Dave C Brodbelt
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK
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Zapata I, Eyre AW, Alvarez CE. Psychological Stress Is Associated with Increased Cancer Risk in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1869. [PMID: 37889770 PMCID: PMC10251977 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there is evidence that psychological stress may be associated with increased cancer risk, the effect of stress on cancer risk is difficult to study, both in humans, due to socioeconomic factors, and in animal models, due to questionable biological relevance. Here, we test whether heritable canine temperament that increases psychological stress is associated with cancer risk. The study data are breed-specific averages of incidences of multiple cancer types and of temperament classes. The latter are derived from a latent class analysis of behavioral questionnaires completed by owners (C-BARQ). We thus classified the dogs according to whether they are calm vs. reactive within and across breeds. Using meta-analysis approaches, we modeled the risk of multiple cancer types in calm vs. reactive dogs. We adjusted for breed averages of body mass and lifespan, which are common confounders that impact cancer. Our study confirms that body size has a significant effect of on risk of multiple types of cancers in dogs and shows for the first time that temperament also has a moderate effect. These findings suggest dog models of heritable psychological stress are suitable for molecular epidemiological and translational studies on its effects on cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isain Zapata
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Englewood, CO 80112, USA
| | | | - Carlos E Alvarez
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Wu Y, Wang Z, Yu S, Liu D, Sun L. LncmiRHG-MIR100HG: A new budding star in cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:997532. [PMID: 36212400 PMCID: PMC9544809 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.997532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MIR100HG, also known as lncRNA mir-100-let-7a-2-mir-125b-1 cluster host gene, is a new and critical regulator in cancers in recent years. MIR100HG is dysregulated in various cancers and plays an oncogenic or tumor-suppressive role, which participates in many tumor cell biology processes and cancer-related pathways. The errant expression of MIR100HG has inspired people to investigate the function of MIR100HG and its diagnostic and therapeutic potential in cancers. Many studies have indicated that dysregulated expression of MIR100HG is markedly correlated with poor prognosis and clinicopathological features. In this review, we will highlight the characteristics and introduce the role of MIR100HG in different cancers, and summarize the molecular mechanism, pathways, chemoresistance, and current research progress of MIR100HG in cancers. Furthermore, some open questions in this rapidly advancing field are proposed. These updates clarify our understanding of MIR100HG in cancers, which may pave the way for the application of MIR100HG-targeting approaches in future cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Wu
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Pathology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongzhe Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Litao Sun, ; Dongzhe Liu,
| | - Litao Sun
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Litao Sun, ; Dongzhe Liu,
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Zapata I, Lilly ML, Herron ME, Serpell JA, Alvarez CE. Genetic testing of dogs predicts problem behaviors in clinical and nonclinical samples. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:102. [PMID: 35130840 PMCID: PMC8819838 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very little is known about the etiology of personality and psychiatric disorders. Because the core neurobiology of many such traits is evolutionarily conserved, dogs present a powerful model. We previously reported genome scans of breed averages of ten traits related to fear, anxiety, aggression and social behavior in multiple cohorts of pedigree dogs. As a second phase of that discovery, here we tested the ability of markers at 13 of those loci to predict canine behavior in a community sample of 397 pedigree and mixed-breed dogs with individual-level genotype and phenotype data. RESULTS We found support for all markers and loci. By including 122 dogs with veterinary behavioral diagnoses in our cohort, we were able to identify eight loci associated with those diagnoses. Logistic regression models showed subsets of those loci could predict behavioral diagnoses. We corroborated our previous findings that small body size is associated with many problem behaviors and large body size is associated with increased trainability. Children in the home were associated with anxiety traits; illness and other animals in the home with coprophagia; working-dog status with increased energy and separation-related problems; and competitive dogs with increased aggression directed at familiar dogs, but reduced fear directed at humans and unfamiliar dogs. Compared to other dogs, Pit Bull-type dogs were not defined by a set of our markers and were not more aggressive; but they were strongly associated with pulling on the leash. Using severity-threshold models, Pit Bull-type dogs showed reduced risk of owner-directed aggression (75th quantile) and increased risk of dog-directed fear (95th quantile). CONCLUSIONS Our association analysis in a community sample of pedigree and mixed-breed dogs supports the interbreed mapping. The modeling shows some markers are predictive of behavioral diagnoses. Our findings have broad utility, including for clinical and breeding purposes, but we caution that thorough understanding is necessary for their interpretation and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isain Zapata
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, CO, 80134, USA.
| | - M Leanne Lilly
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Meghan E Herron
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - James A Serpell
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Carlos E Alvarez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Genome-Wide Analyses for Osteosarcoma in Leonberger Dogs Reveal the CDKN2A/B Gene Locus as a Major Risk Locus. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121964. [PMID: 34946912 PMCID: PMC8700858 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs represent a unique spontaneous cancer model. Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary bone tumor in dogs (OMIA 001441-9615), and strongly resembles human forms of OSA. Several large- to giant-sized dog breeds, including the Leonberger, have a greatly increased risk of developing OSA. We performed genome-wide association analysis with high-density imputed SNP genotype data from 273 Leonberger cases with a median age of 8.1 [3.1–13.5] years and 365 controls older than eight years. This analysis revealed significant associations at the CDKN2A/B gene locus on canine chromosome 11, mirroring previous findings in other dog breeds, such as the greyhound, that also show an elevated risk for OSA. Heritability (h2SNP) was determined to be 20.6% (SE = 0.08; p-value = 5.7 × 10−4) based on a breed prevalence of 20%. The 2563 SNPs across the genome accounted for nearly all the h2SNP of OSA, with 2183 SNPs of small effect, 316 SNPs of moderate effect, and 64 SNPs of large effect. As with many other cancers it is likely that regulatory, non-coding variants underlie the increased risk for cancer development. Our findings confirm a complex genetic basis of OSA, moderate heritability, and the crucial role of the CDKN2A/B locus leading to strong cancer predisposition in dogs. It will ultimately be interesting to study and compare the known genetic loci associated with canine OSA in human OSA.
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Momen M, Kohler NL, Binversie EE, Dentino M, Sample SJ. Heritability and genetic variance estimation of Osteosarcoma (OSA) in Irish Wolfhound, using deep pedigree information. Canine Med Genet 2021; 8:9. [PMID: 34627404 PMCID: PMC8502365 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-021-00109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a devastating disease that is common in the Irish Wolfhound breed. The aim of this study was to use a pedigree-based approach to determine the heritability of OSA in the Irish Wolfhound using data from a large publically available database. Results The pedigree used for this study included 5110 pure-bred Irish Wolfhounds, including 332 dogs diagnosed with OSA and 360 control dogs; dogs were considered controls if they lived over 10 years of age and were not reported to have developed OSA. The estimated heritability of OSA in the Irish Wolfhound was 0.65. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that OSA in the Irish Wolfhound is highly heritable, and support the need for future research investigating associated genetic mutations. Osteosarcoma is a devastating condition that is prevalent in the Irish Wolfhound breed. In this study, our aim was to estimate heritability of osteosarcoma in the Irish Wolfhound breed. We undertook a pedigree-based analysis to estimate heritability of osteosarcoma in the Irish Wolfhound. The pedigree used included 5110 pure-bred Irish Wolfhounds, including 332 dogs diagnosed with osteosarcoma and 360 control dogs. We considered dogs to be controls if they were over 10 years of age and were not reported to have developed osteosarcoma. This study found the heritability estimate of osteosarcoma in the Irish Wolfhound to be 0.65. This score means that osteosarcoma in this breed is: 1) highly heritable and 2) a complex trait, which means that both environmental and genetic factors influence disease risk. Overall, our results provide support for further investigation into the genetic variants involved in the development of osteosarcoma in Irish Wolfhounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Momen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Nyah L Kohler
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Emily E Binversie
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Susannah J Sample
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Hédan B, Cadieu É, Rimbault M, Vaysse A, Dufaure de Citres C, Devauchelle P, Botherel N, Abadie J, Quignon P, Derrien T, André C. Identification of common predisposing loci to hematopoietic cancers in four dog breeds. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009395. [PMID: 33793571 PMCID: PMC8016107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare but aggressive cancer in both humans and dogs. The spontaneous canine model, which has clinical, epidemiological, and histological similarities with human HS and specific breed predispositions, provides a unique opportunity to unravel the genetic basis of this cancer. In this study, we aimed to identify germline risk factors associated with the development of HS in canine-predisposed breeds. We used a methodology that combined several genome-wide association studies in a multi-breed and multi-cancer approach as well as targeted next-generation sequencing, and imputation We combined several dog breeds (Bernese mountain dogs, Rottweilers, flat-coated retrievers, and golden retrievers), and three hematopoietic cancers (HS, lymphoma, and mast cell tumor). Results showed that we not only refined the previously identified HS risk CDKN2A locus, but also identified new loci on canine chromosomes 2, 5, 14, and 20. Capture and targeted sequencing of specific loci suggested the existence of regulatory variants in non-coding regions and methylation mechanisms linked to risk haplotypes, which lead to strong cancer predisposition in specific dog breeds. We also showed that these canine cancer predisposing loci appeared to be due to the additive effect of several risk haplotypes involved in other hematopoietic cancers such as lymphoma or mast cell tumors as well. This illustrates the pleiotropic nature of these canine cancer loci as observed in human oncology, thereby reinforcing the interest of predisposed dog breeds to study cancer initiation and progression. Because of specific breed structures and artificial selection, pet dogs suffer from numerous genetic diseases, including cancers and represent a unique spontaneous model of human cancers. Here, we focused on histiocytic sarcoma (HS), a rare and highly aggressive cancer in humans. In this study, we have used spontaneous affected and unaffected dogs from three predisposed dog breeds to identify loci involved in HS predisposition. Through genetic analyses, we showed that these canine cancer predispositions are due to the additive effect of several risk haplotypes also involved in the predisposition of other hematopoietic cancers. The corresponding chromosomal regions in humans are involved in the predisposition of several cancers and are also associated with immune traits. This study demonstrates the pleiotropic nature of these canine cancer loci as observed in human oncology, thereby reinforcing the interest of predisposed dog breeds to study mechanisms involved in cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Hédan
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)–UMR6290, Rennes, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Édouard Cadieu
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)–UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | - Maud Rimbault
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)–UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | - Amaury Vaysse
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)–UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Nadine Botherel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)–UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | - Jérôme Abadie
- Oniris, Laboniris—Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Nantes, France
| | - Pascale Quignon
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)–UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Derrien
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)–UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | - Catherine André
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)–UMR6290, Rennes, France
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Edmunds GL, Smalley MJ, Beck S, Errington RJ, Gould S, Winter H, Brodbelt DC, O'Neill DG. Dog breeds and body conformations with predisposition to osteosarcoma in the UK: a case-control study. Canine Med Genet 2021; 8:2. [PMID: 33750475 PMCID: PMC7944903 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-021-00100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma is an aggressive and painful bone neoplasm in dogs. Previous studies have reported epidemiological associations suggesting that large body mass, long bone length and the genetics of certain breeds including the Rottweiler are associated with elevated osteosarcoma risk. However, these studies were often limited by selection bias and confounding factors, and have rarely offered insights into breed-associated protection for osteosarcoma. The current study includes 1756 appendicular and axial osteosarcoma cases presenting to VPG Histology (Bristol, UK) compared against a control population of 905,211 dogs without osteosarcoma from primary care electronic patient records in the VetCompass™ dataset. Methods and study design Retrospective, case-control study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis explored associations between demographic risk factors (including breed, chondrodystrophy, age, sex/neuter status, skull-shape, and body mass) and osteosarcoma of all anatomical sites. Results We identified several breeds with increased and reduced odds of osteosarcoma. At highest risk were the Rottweiler and Great Dane, with > 10 times the odds of osteosarcoma compared with crossbreds, and the Rhodesian Ridgeback, which has not featured in previous lists of at-risk breeds for osteosarcoma, and had an odds ratio of 11.31 (95% confidence interval 7.37–17.35). Breeds at lowest risk of osteosarcoma (protected breeds) included the Bichon Frise, the French Bulldog and the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, all with odd ratios of less than 0.30 compared with crossbreds. Body mass was strongly associated with osteosarcoma risk; dogs over 40 kg exhibited osteosarcoma odds of 45.44 (95% confidence interval 33.74–61.20) compared with dogs less than 10 kg. Chondrodystrophic breeds had an osteosarcoma odds ratio of 0.13 (95% confidence interval 0.11–0.16) compared with non-chondrodystrophic breeds. Conclusions This study provides evidence of strong breed-associated osteosarcoma risk and protection, suggesting a genetic basis for osteosarcoma pathogenesis. It highlights that breeds selected for long legs/large body mass are generally overrepresented amongst at-risk breeds, whilst those selected for short leg length/small body mass are generally protected. These findings could inform genetic studies to identify osteosarcoma risk alleles in canines and humans; as well as increasing awareness amongst veterinarians and owners, resulting in improved breeding practices and clinical management of osteosarcoma in dogs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40575-021-00100-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L Edmunds
- Bristol Veterinary School, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK.
| | - Matthew J Smalley
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Sam Beck
- VPG Histology (formerly Bridge), Horner Court, 637 Gloucester Road, Horfield, Bristol, BS7 0BJ, UK
| | - Rachel J Errington
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Academic Avenue, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF62 3LF, UK
| | - Sara Gould
- Langford Veterinary Services, Langford House Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
| | | | - Dave C Brodbelt
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Dan G O'Neill
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
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11
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Harrison BM, Loukopoulos P. Genomics and transcriptomics in veterinary oncology. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:336. [PMID: 33692868 PMCID: PMC7933772 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The sequencing of the canine genome, combined with additional genomic technologies, has created opportunities for research linking veterinary genomics with naturally occurring cancer in dogs. Also, as numerous canine cancers have features in common with human cancers, comparative studies can be performed to evaluate the use of cancers in dogs as models for human cancer. There have been several reviews of veterinary genomics but, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no comprehensive review of the literature of canine cancer genomics. PubMed and CAB Abstracts databases were searched to retrieve relevant literature using the search terms ‘veterinary’, ‘cancer’ or ‘oncology’, and ‘genomics’ or ‘transcriptomics’. Results were manually assessed and grouped based on the techniques used, the cancer type investigated and genomic lesions targeted. The search resulted in the retrieval of 44 genomic and transcriptomic studies, with the most common technique employed being comparative genomic hybridization. Across both fields, the most commonly studied cancer type was canine osteosarcoma. Genomic and transcriptomic aberrations in canine cancer often reflected those reported in the corresponding human cancers. Analysis of the literature indicated that employing genomic and transcriptomic technologies has been instrumental in developing the understanding of the origin, development and pathogenesis of several canine cancers. However, their use in canine oncology is at an early phase, and there appears to be comparatively little understanding of certain canine cancer types in contrast to their human forms. Aberrations detected in all tumors were tabulated, and the results for osteosarcoma, lymphoma and leukemia, mast cell tumor, transmissible venereal tumor and urothelial carcinoma discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Marie Harrison
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Panayiotis Loukopoulos
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
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12
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Jarvis S, Koumadoraki E, Madouros N, Sharif S, Saleem A, Khan S. Non-rodent animal models of osteosarcoma: A review. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 27:100307. [PMID: 33453605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is extremely malignant, and the most common cancer that affects bone. Current treatments involve surgical resection of the affected area and multi-agent chemotherapy, though survival rate is generally poor for those affected by metastases. As treatment for osteosarcoma has remained unchanged for the past few decades, there is a need for further advancements in the understanding of osteosarcoma biology and therapeutics. Thus, reliable animal models that can accurately recapitulate the disease are required. Though rodents represent the most popular animal model of osteosarcoma, they may not model the disease best. This review analyzes emerging alternative non-rodent animal models of osteosarcoma, such as the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, pigs, and canines. Each of these alternatives offer advantages over classic rodent models for pre-clinical research. Research of these cross-species platforms imparts knowledge of metastases biology and potential new treatments for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sommer Jarvis
- California Institute of Neurosciences & Behavioral Psychology, 4751 Mangels Blvd, Fairfield, CA 94534, United States.
| | - Evgenia Koumadoraki
- California Institute of Neurosciences & Behavioral Psychology, 4751 Mangels Blvd, Fairfield, CA 94534, United States
| | - Nikolaos Madouros
- California Institute of Neurosciences & Behavioral Psychology, 4751 Mangels Blvd, Fairfield, CA 94534, United States
| | - Shayka Sharif
- California Institute of Neurosciences & Behavioral Psychology, 4751 Mangels Blvd, Fairfield, CA 94534, United States
| | - Amber Saleem
- California Institute of Neurosciences & Behavioral Psychology, 4751 Mangels Blvd, Fairfield, CA 94534, United States
| | - Safeera Khan
- California Institute of Neurosciences & Behavioral Psychology, 4751 Mangels Blvd, Fairfield, CA 94534, United States
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13
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Development of a nine-lncRNA signature as a novel prognostic marker of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2979-2988. [PMID: 32218854 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to be aberrantly expressed in several types of tumor, and dysregulated lncRNAs are suggested to play a prognostic role in breast cancer (BC). Estrogen receptor (ER) status is a prognostic factor in patients with ER-negative BC, which is associated with poor prognosis. Thus, the present study developed a prognostic lncRNA signature specifically for ER-negative BC, in order to predict the risk of post-surgery relapse and improve patient prognosis. A gene expression profile containing 1,631 lncRNAs was obtained by investigating and integrating publicly available cohorts of BC. Subsequently, a nine-lncRNA signature was developed and validated in two independent cohorts via the Cox regression model. Using the nine-lncRNA signature, patients in the discovery cohort were divided into high- and low-risk groups, with significantly different disease-free survival [DFS; hazard ratio (HR)=2.718, 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.115-3.494, P<0.0001]. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses demonstrated that the area under the curve reached 0.908. Similar results were obtained in the two independent cohorts (HR=1.499, 95% CI=0.950-2.365, P=0.04; HR=1.262, 95% CI=1.056-1.510, P=0.01), respectively. Furthermore, the nine lncRNAs were demonstrated to play important roles in the cell invasion and metastasis of different types of tumor. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified between the high- and low-risk groups were consistently high in the discovery and validation cohorts. Functional analysis indicated that these DEGs, as well as genes co-expressed with the nine lncRNAs, were involved in cancer-associated signaling pathways, all of which provide further evidence for the predictive ability of the nine-lncRNA signature. Overall, the present study developed a novel prognostic biomarker for ER-negative BC.
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14
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Thomas F, Giraudeau M, Dheilly NM, Gouzerh F, Boutry J, Beckmann C, Biro PA, Hamede R, Abadie J, Labrut S, Bieuville M, Misse D, Bramwell G, Schultz A, Le Loc'h G, Vincze O, Roche B, Renaud F, Russell T, Ujvari B. Rare and unique adaptations to cancer in domesticated species: An untapped resource? Evol Appl 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eva.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Thomas
- CREECUMR IRD 224‐CNRS 5290‐Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Mathieu Giraudeau
- CREECUMR IRD 224‐CNRS 5290‐Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Nolwenn M. Dheilly
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
| | - Flora Gouzerh
- CREECUMR IRD 224‐CNRS 5290‐Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Justine Boutry
- CREECUMR IRD 224‐CNRS 5290‐Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Christa Beckmann
- Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Waurn Ponds VIC Australia
- School of Science Western Sydney UniversityParramatta NSW Australia
| | - Peter A. Biro
- Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Waurn Ponds VIC Australia
| | - Rodrigo Hamede
- School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart TAS Australia
| | | | | | - Margaux Bieuville
- CREECUMR IRD 224‐CNRS 5290‐Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Dorothée Misse
- CREECUMR IRD 224‐CNRS 5290‐Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Georgina Bramwell
- Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Waurn Ponds VIC Australia
| | - Aaron Schultz
- Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Waurn Ponds VIC Australia
| | - Guillaume Le Loc'h
- Clinique des NAC et de la Faune Sauvage, UMR IHAP École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Orsolya Vincze
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology Evolutionary Ecology Group Babeş‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
- Department of Tisza Research MTA Centre for Ecological Research‐DRI Debrecen Hungary
| | - Benjamin Roche
- CREECUMR IRD 224‐CNRS 5290‐Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
- Unité mixte Internationale de Modélisation Mathématique et Informatique des Systèmes Complexes UMI IRD/Sorbonne UniversitéUMMISCO Bondy France
| | - François Renaud
- CREECUMR IRD 224‐CNRS 5290‐Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Tracey Russell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Waurn Ponds VIC Australia
- School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart TAS Australia
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