|
1
|
Yang X, Wang W, Zhang D, Li X, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Wang J, Xu D, Cheng J, Li W, Zhou B, Lin C, Zeng X, Zhai R, Ma Z, Liu J, Cui P, Zhang X. Genetic polymorphism of the ovine MAP3K5 gene and its association with body size traits in Hu sheep of China. Arch Anim Breed 2023. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-66-71-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract. As an excellent local sheep breed in China, Hu sheep have the
characteristics of producing more lambs and good motherhood. The purpose of
this study was to identify the polymorphism of the mitogen-activated protein
kinase 5 (MAP3K5) gene and determine whether it was associated with the body size
traits (body height, body length, chest circumference, and cannon
circumference) in Hu sheep. The polymorphism of MAP3K5 was identified by using PCR
amplification, followed by Sanger sequencing, and KASPar (Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR) technology was used for genotyping subsequently. The results of the association analysis showed
that MAP3K5 (g.205261 A > G) was significantly associated with body
height at 80, 100, 140, 160, and 180 d; body length at 80 and 160 d;
chest circumference at 100, 140, 160, and 180 d; and cannon circumference at
100 and 120 d, respectively. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the
expression level of MAP3K5 in the heart was significantly higher (P < 0.05)
than in the other 10 tissues. In summary, the MAP3K5 mutation loci may be used as
a candidate molecular marker for the body size traits of Hu sheep.
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Pszczolkowski VL, Hu H, Zhang J, Connelly MK, Munsterman AS, Arriola Apelo SI. Effects of methionine, leucine, and insulin on circulating concentrations and mammary extraction of energy substrates and amino acids in lactating dairy cows. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 81:106730. [PMID: 35580513 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to test whether insulin potentiates the effects of two abomasally infused amino acids (AA), leucine and methionine (LM), on mammary extraction efficiency of energetic and nitrogenous nutrients. Six lactating Holstein cows (155 ± 9 DIM) were ruminally-cannulated and had the right carotid artery subcutaneously transposed. Cows were fed a 20% metabolizable protein-restricted diet and abomasally infused with water (8 L/d) or AA (Met 26 g/d, Leu 70 g/d) for 8 h/d, for 7 days. On the last day of each period, cows were intravenously infused with saline (0.9% NaCl, 110 mL/h) or subjected to 8 h hyperinsulinemic clamp (IC) alongside abomasal infusions. For IC, insulin was infused at 1 µg/kg/h. Normoglycemia was maintained by varying glucose (50% w/v in water) infusion rate based on coccygeal vein glucose concentration. Carotid arterial and subcutaneous abdominal (mammary) vein blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h from the start of infusions. Milk weights and samples for baseline measurements of production were taken on day 5 PM, day 6 AM and PM, and day 7 AM of the experimental period. A final milk weight and sample was taken immediately after abomasal and intravenous infusions on day 7 PM for assessing the interaction between insulin and the infused AA. The experiment had an incompletely replicated Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (abomasal and intravenous infusion). Baseline milk production when cows were only receiving abomasal infusions was largely unaffected by LM, but milk protein yield tended to be decreased. On day 7, LM tended to positively increase milk fat and de novo fatty acid content, and IC tended to decrease milk protein content. Both milk urea nitrogen and plasma urea nitrogen were decreased by IC. Circulating AA concentrations in plasma were decreased by both LM and IC, but mammary extraction efficiency was affected by neither. Infusion of LM had no effect on any energy metabolite analyzed. Circulating non-esterified fatty acid concentration was decreased by IC, with no effect on mammary extraction efficiency. Mammary extraction efficiency of both acetate and β-hydroxybutyrate were decreased by IC. Overall, while both circulating concentrations of energy metabolites and amino acids were decreased in response to treatments, this was not due to improved mammary extraction efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia L Pszczolkowski
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 1675 Observatory Dr, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Haowen Hu
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 1675 Observatory Dr, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 1675 Observatory Dr, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, China
| | - Meghan K Connelly
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 1675 Observatory Dr, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; Vita Plus Corporation, Madison, WI, 53713, USA
| | - Amelia S Munsterman
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Sebastian I Arriola Apelo
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 1675 Observatory Dr, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Zhao X, Xuan R, Wang A, Li Q, Zhao Y, Du S, Duan Q, Wang Y, Ji Z, Guo Y, Wang J, Chao T. High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals Transcriptome Signature of Early Liver Development in Goat Kids. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:833. [PMID: 35627218 PMCID: PMC9141777 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As a vital metabolic and immune organ in animals, the liver plays an important role in protein synthesis, detoxification, metabolism, and immune defense. The primary research purpose of this study was to reveal the effect of breast-feeding, weaning transition, and weaning on the gene expression profile in the goat kid liver and to elucidate the transcriptome-level signatures associated with liver metabolic adaptation. Therefore, transcriptome sequencing was performed on liver tissues, which was collected at 1 day (D1), 2 weeks (W2), 4 weeks (W4), 8 weeks (W8), and 12 weeks (W12) after birth in Laiwu black goats at five different time-points, with five goats at each time point. From 25 libraries, a total of 37497 mRNAs were found to be expressed in goat kid livers, and 1271 genes were differentially expressed between at least two of the five time points. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that these genes were annotated as an extracellular region fraction, exhibiting monooxygenase activity, positive regulation of T cell activation, mitotic spindle mid-region assembly, cytokinesis, cytoskeleton-dependent cytokinesis, regulation of cytokinesis, regulation of lymphocyte proliferation, and so on. In addition, it mainly deals with metabolism, endocrine, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and immune processes. Finally, a gene regulatory network was constructed, and a total of 14 key genes were screened, which were mainly enriched for cell growth and development, endocrine, immune, and signal transduction-related pathways. Our results provide new information on the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in liver development, metabolism, and immunity of goats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 261018, China; (X.Z.); (R.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Rong Xuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 261018, China; (X.Z.); (R.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Aili Wang
- Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China;
| | - Qing Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 261018, China; (X.Z.); (R.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 261018, China; (X.Z.); (R.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Shanfeng Du
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 261018, China; (X.Z.); (R.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Qingling Duan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 261018, China; (X.Z.); (R.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 261018, China; (X.Z.); (R.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Zhibin Ji
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 261018, China; (X.Z.); (R.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Yanfei Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 261018, China; (X.Z.); (R.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 261018, China; (X.Z.); (R.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Tianle Chao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 261018, China; (X.Z.); (R.X.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (Q.D.); (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (Y.G.); (J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Pszczolkowski VL, Arriola Apelo SI. The market for amino acids: understanding supply and demand of substrate for more efficient milk protein synthesis. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:108. [PMID: 33292704 PMCID: PMC7659053 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
For dairy production systems, nitrogen is an expensive nutrient and potentially harmful waste product. With three quarters of fed nitrogen ending up in the manure, significant research efforts have focused on understanding and mitigating lactating dairy cows’ nitrogen losses. Recent changes proposed to the Nutrient Requirement System for Dairy Cattle in the US include variable efficiencies of absorbed essential AA for milk protein production. This first separation from a purely substrate-based system, standing on the old limiting AA theory, recognizes the ability of the cow to alter the metabolism of AA. In this review we summarize a compelling amount of evidence suggesting that AA requirements for milk protein synthesis are based on a demand-driven system. Milk protein synthesis is governed at mammary level by a set of transduction pathways, including the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), the integrated stress response (ISR), and the unfolded protein response (UPR). In tight coordination, these pathways not only control the rate of milk protein synthesis, setting the demand for AA, but also manipulate cellular AA transport and even blood flow to the mammary glands, securing the supply of those needed nutrients. These transduction pathways, specifically mTORC1, sense specific AA, as well as other physiological signals, including insulin, the canonical indicator of energy status. Insulin plays a key role on mTORC1 signaling, controlling its activation, once AA have determined mTORC1 localization to the lysosomal membrane. Based on this molecular model, AA and insulin signals need to be tightly coordinated to maximize milk protein synthesis rate. The evidence in lactating dairy cows supports this model, in which insulin and glucogenic energy potentiate the effect of AA on milk protein synthesis. Incorporating the effect of specific signaling AA and the differential role of energy sources on utilization of absorbed AA for milk protein synthesis seems like the evident following step in nutrient requirement systems to further improve N efficiency in lactating dairy cow rations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia L Pszczolkowski
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sebastian I Arriola Apelo
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|