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Kron NS, Fieber LA, Baker L, Campbell C, Schmale MC. Host response to Aplysia Abyssovirus 1 in nervous system and gill. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 159:105211. [PMID: 38885747 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The California sea hare (Aplysia californica) is a model for age associated cognitive decline. Recent researched identified a novel nidovirus, Aplysia Abyssovirus 1, with broad tropism enriched in the Aplysia nervous system. This virus is ubiquitous in wild and maricultured, young and old animals without obvious pathology. Here we re-evaluated gene expression data from several previous studies to investigate differential expression in the nervous system and gill in response to virus and aging as well as the mutational spectrum observed in the viral sequences obtained from these datasets. Viral load and age were highly correlated, indicating persistent infection. Upregulated genes in response to virus were enriched for immune genes and signatures of ER and proteostatic stress, while downregulated genes were enriched for mitochondrial metabolism. Differential expression with respect to age suggested increased iron accumulation and decreased glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, and proteasome function. Interaction of gene expression trends associated with viral infection and aging suggest that viral infection likely plays a role in aging in the Aplysia nervous system. Mutation analysis of viral RNA identified signatures suggesting ADAR and AID/APOBEC like deaminase act as part of Aplysia anti-viral defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Kron
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL, 33149, USA.
| | - Lynne A Fieber
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Lydia Baker
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | | | - Michael C Schmale
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
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Vera M, Wilmes SB, Maroso F, Hermida M, Blanco A, Casanova A, Iglesias D, Cao A, Culloty SC, Mahony K, Orvain F, Bouza C, Robins PE, Malham SK, Lynch S, Villalba A, Martínez P. Heterogeneous microgeographic genetic structure of the common cockle (Cerastoderma edule) in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean: biogeographic barriers and environmental factors. Heredity (Edinb) 2023; 131:292-305. [PMID: 37596415 PMCID: PMC10539317 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-023-00646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of genetic structure at the finest level is essential for the conservation of genetic resources. Despite no visible barriers limiting gene flow, significant genetic structure has been shown in marine species. The common cockle (Cerastoderma edule) is a bivalve of great commercial and ecological value inhabiting the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. Previous population genomics studies demonstrated significant structure both across the Northeast Atlantic, but also within small geographic areas, highlighting the need to investigate fine-scale structuring. Here, we analysed two geographic areas that could represent opposite models of structure for the species: (1) the SW British Isles region, highly fragmented due to biogeographic barriers, and (2) Galicia (NW Spain), a putative homogeneous region. A total of 9250 SNPs genotyped by 2b-RAD on 599 individuals from 22 natural beds were used for the analysis. The entire SNP dataset mostly confirmed previous observations related to genetic diversity and differentiation; however, neutral and divergent SNP outlier datasets enabled disentangling physical barriers from abiotic environmental factors structuring both regions. While Galicia showed a homogeneous structure, the SW British Isles region was split into four reliable genetic regions related to oceanographic features and abiotic factors, such as sea surface salinity and temperature. The information gathered supports specific management policies of cockle resources in SW British and Galician regions also considering their particular socio-economic characteristics; further, these new data will be added to those recently reported in the Northeast Atlantic to define sustainable management actions across the whole distribution range of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Vera
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physics Anthropology, ACUIGEN Group, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Sophie B Wilmes
- School of Ocean Sciences, Marine Centre Wales, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, UK
| | - Francesco Maroso
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physics Anthropology, ACUIGEN Group, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Miguel Hermida
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physics Anthropology, ACUIGEN Group, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Andrés Blanco
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physics Anthropology, ACUIGEN Group, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Adrián Casanova
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physics Anthropology, ACUIGEN Group, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - David Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, 36620, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - Asunción Cao
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, 36620, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
| | - Sarah C Culloty
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences/Aquaculture and Fisheries Development Centre, University College Cork, North Mall, Cork, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kate Mahony
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences/Aquaculture and Fisheries Development Centre, University College Cork, North Mall, Cork, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Francis Orvain
- UNICAEN - UMR BOREA "Biologie des ORganismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques" MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, University of Caen, Caen, France
| | - Carmen Bouza
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physics Anthropology, ACUIGEN Group, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Peter E Robins
- School of Ocean Sciences, Marine Centre Wales, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, UK
| | - Shelagh K Malham
- School of Ocean Sciences, Marine Centre Wales, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, UK
| | - Sharon Lynch
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences/Aquaculture and Fisheries Development Centre, University College Cork, North Mall, Cork, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Antonio Villalba
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, 36620, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Paulino Martínez
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physics Anthropology, ACUIGEN Group, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
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Alesci A, Di Paola D, Fumia A, Marino S, D’Iglio C, Famulari S, Albano M, Spanò N, Lauriano ER. Internal Defense System of Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819): Ecological Role of Hemocytes as Biomarkers for Thiacloprid and Benzo[a]Pyrene Pollution. TOXICS 2023; 11:731. [PMID: 37755742 PMCID: PMC10537264 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of pollutants, such as thiacloprid and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), into the waters of urbanized coastal and estuarine areas through fossil fuel spills, domestic and industrial waste discharges, atmospheric inputs, and continental runoff poses a major threat to the fauna and flora of the aquatic environment and can have a significant impact on the internal defense system of invertebrates such as mussels. Using monoclonal and polyclonal anti-Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and anti-inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) antibodies for the first time, this work aims to examine hemocytes in the mantle and gills of M. galloprovincialis as biomarkers of thiacloprid and B[a]P pollution and analyze their potential synergistic effect. To pursue this objective, samples were exposed to the pollutants, both individually and simultaneously. Subsequently, oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated by enzymatic analysis, while tissue changes and the number of hemocytes in the different contaminated groups were assessed via histomorphological and immunohistochemical analyses. Our findings revealed that in comparison to a single exposure, the two pollutants together significantly elevated oxidative stress. Moreover, our data may potentially enhance knowledge on how TLR2 and iNOS work as part of the internal defense system of bivalves. This would help in creating new technologies and strategies, such as biosensors, that are more suitable for managing water pollution, and garnering new details on the condition of the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (D.D.P.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Davide Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (D.D.P.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Angelo Fumia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Padiglione C, A. O. U. Policlinico “G. Martino”, 98124 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastian Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (D.D.P.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Claudio D’Iglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (D.D.P.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Sergio Famulari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (D.D.P.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Marco Albano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Nunziacarla Spanò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (D.D.P.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (D.D.P.); (S.M.); (C.D.); (S.F.)
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Alesci A, Fumia A, Albano M, Messina E, D'Angelo R, Mangano A, Miller A, Spanò N, Savoca S, Capillo G. Investigating the internal system of defense of Gastropoda Aplysia depilans (Gmelin, 1791): Focus on hemocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 137:108791. [PMID: 37146849 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The internal defense system of mollusks represents an efficient protection against pathogens and parasites, involving several biological immune processes, such as phagocytosis, encapsulation, cytotoxicity, and antigenic recognition of self/non-self. Mollusks possess professional, migratory, and circulating cells that play a key role in the defense of the organism, the hemocytes. Several studies have been performed on hemocytes from different mollusks, but, to date, these cells are still scarcely explored. Different hemocyte populations have been found, according to the presence or absence of granules, size, and the species of mollusks studied. Our study aims to deepen the knowledge of the hemocytes of the gastropod Aplysia depilans using morphological techniques and light and confocal microscopy, testing Toll-like receptor 2, inducible nitric oxide synthetase, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 7 subunit. Our results show two hemocyte populations distinguishable by size, and presence/absence of granules in the cytoplasm, strongly positive for the antibodies tested, suggesting for the first time the presence of these receptors on the surface of sea hare hemocytes by immunohistochemistry. These data help in the understanding of the immune system of this gastropod, providing additional data for comprehending the evolution of the defense response in metazoan phylogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Angelo Fumia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Padiglione C, A. O. U. Policlinico "G. Martino", 98124, Messina, Italy.
| | - Marco Albano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy.
| | - Emmanuele Messina
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Roberta D'Angelo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Angelica Mangano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Anthea Miller
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy.
| | - Nunziacarla Spanò
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy; Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Section of Messina, 98100, Messina, Italy.
| | - Serena Savoca
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy; Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Section of Messina, 98100, Messina, Italy.
| | - Gioele Capillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy; Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Section of Messina, 98100, Messina, Italy.
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Vats K, Tandon R, Roshanara, Beg MA, Corrales RM, Yagoubat A, Reyaz E, Wani TH, Baig MS, Chaudhury A, Krishnan A, Puri N, Salotra P, Sterkers Y, Selvapandiyan A. Interaction of novel proteins, centrin4 and protein of centriole in Leishmania parasite and their effects on the parasite growth. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119416. [PMID: 36623775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Centrins are cytoskeletal proteins associated with the centrosomes or basal bodies in the eukaryotes. We previously reported the involvement of Centrin 1-3 proteins in cell division in the protozoan parasites Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma brucei. Centrin4 and 5, unique to such parasites, had never been characterized in Leishmania parasite. In the current study, we addressed the function of centrin4 (LdCen4) in Leishmania. By dominant-negative study, the episomal expression of C-terminal truncated LdCen4 in the parasite reduced the parasite growth. LdCen4 double allele gene deletion by either homologous recombination or CRISPR-Cas9 was not successful in L. donovani. However, CRISPR-Cas9-based deletion of the homologous gene was possible in L. mexicana, which attenuated the parasite growth in vitro, but not ex vivo in the macrophages. LdCen4 also interacts with endogenous and overexpressed LdPOC protein, a homolog of centrin reacting human POC (protein of centriole) in a calcium sensitive manner. LdCen4 and LdPOC binding has also been confirmed through in silico analysis by protein structural docking and validated by co-immunoprecipitation. By immunofluorescence studies, we found that both the proteins share a common localization at the basal bodies. Thus, for the first time, this article describes novel centrin4 and its binding protein in the protozoan parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Vats
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Bio & Nano Technology Centre, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India; MiVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Academic Hospital (CHU) of Montpellier, Montpellier 34295, France
| | - Rati Tandon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Roshanara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mirza A Beg
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Rosa M Corrales
- MiVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Academic Hospital (CHU) of Montpellier, Montpellier 34295, France
| | - Akila Yagoubat
- MiVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Academic Hospital (CHU) of Montpellier, Montpellier 34295, France
| | - Enam Reyaz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Tasaduq H Wani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mirza S Baig
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ashok Chaudhury
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Bio & Nano Technology Centre, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
| | - Anuja Krishnan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Niti Puri
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Poonam Salotra
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Yvon Sterkers
- MiVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Academic Hospital (CHU) of Montpellier, Montpellier 34295, France
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