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Dwivedi SL, Quiroz LF, Spillane C, Wu R, Mattoo AK, Ortiz R. Unlocking allelic variation in circadian clock genes to develop environmentally robust and productive crops. PLANTA 2024; 259:72. [PMID: 38386103 PMCID: PMC10884192 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Molecular mechanisms of biological rhythms provide opportunities to harness functional allelic diversity in core (and trait- or stress-responsive) oscillator networks to develop more climate-resilient and productive germplasm. The circadian clock senses light and temperature in day-night cycles to drive biological rhythms. The clock integrates endogenous signals and exogenous stimuli to coordinate diverse physiological processes. Advances in high-throughput non-invasive assays, use of forward- and inverse-genetic approaches, and powerful algorithms are allowing quantitation of variation and detection of genes associated with circadian dynamics. Circadian rhythms and phytohormone pathways in response to endogenous and exogenous cues have been well documented the model plant Arabidopsis. Novel allelic variation associated with circadian rhythms facilitates adaptation and range expansion, and may provide additional opportunity to tailor climate-resilient crops. The circadian phase and period can determine adaptation to environments, while the robustness in the circadian amplitude can enhance resilience to environmental changes. Circadian rhythms in plants are tightly controlled by multiple and interlocked transcriptional-translational feedback loops involving morning (CCA1, LHY), mid-day (PRR9, PRR7, PRR5), and evening (TOC1, ELF3, ELF4, LUX) genes that maintain the plant circadian clock ticking. Significant progress has been made to unravel the functions of circadian rhythms and clock genes that regulate traits, via interaction with phytohormones and trait-responsive genes, in diverse crops. Altered circadian rhythms and clock genes may contribute to hybrid vigor as shown in Arabidopsis, maize, and rice. Modifying circadian rhythms via transgenesis or genome-editing may provide additional opportunities to develop crops with better buffering capacity to environmental stresses. Models that involve clock gene‒phytohormone‒trait interactions can provide novel insights to orchestrate circadian rhythms and modulate clock genes to facilitate breeding of all season crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Felipe Quiroz
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 REW4, Ireland
| | - Charles Spillane
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 REW4, Ireland.
| | - Rongling Wu
- Beijing Yanqi Lake Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Applications, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Autar K Mattoo
- USDA-ARS, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350, USA
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvagen, 10, Box 190, SE 23422, Lomma, Sweden.
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Hu Z, Zhang N, Qin Z, Li J, Yang N, Chen Y, Kong J, Luo W, Xiong A, Zhuang J. Differential Response of MYB Transcription Factor Gene Transcripts to Circadian Rhythm in Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:657. [PMID: 38203827 PMCID: PMC10780195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock refers to the formation of a certain rule in the long-term evolution of an organism, which is an invisible 'clock' in the body of an organism. As one of the largest TF families in higher plants, the MYB transcription factor is involved in plant growth and development. MYB is also inextricably correlated with the circadian rhythm. In this study, the transcriptome data of the tea plant 'Baiyeyihao' were measured at a photoperiod interval of 4 h (24 h). A total of 25,306 unigenes were obtained, including 14,615 unigenes that were annotated across 20 functional categories within the GO classification. Additionally, 10,443 single-gene clusters were annotated to 11 sublevels of metabolic pathways using KEGG. Based on the results of gene annotation and differential gene transcript analysis, 22 genes encoding MYB transcription factors were identified. The G10 group in the phylogenetic tree had 13 members, of which 5 were related to the circadian rhythm, accounting for 39%. The G1, G2, G8, G9, G15, G16, G18, G19, G20, G21 and G23 groups had no members associated with the circadian rhythm. Among the 22 differentially expressed MYB transcription factors, 3 members of LHY, RVE1 and RVE8 were core circadian rhythm genes belonging to the G10, G12 and G10 groups, respectively. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect and validate the expression of the gene transcripts encoding MYB transcription factors associated with the circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihang Hu
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.K.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Zhiyuan Qin
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Jinwen Li
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Ni Yang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Yi Chen
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Jieyu Kong
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Wei Luo
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.K.); (W.L.)
| | - Aisheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.H.); (Z.Q.); (J.L.); (N.Y.); (Y.C.); (J.K.); (W.L.)
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3
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Zhang Y, Xu P, Xue W, Zhu W, Yu X. Diurnal gene oscillations modulated by RNA metabolism in tomato. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:728-743. [PMID: 37492018 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Diurnal rhythms are known to regulate the expression of a large number of genes, coordinating plant growth and development with diel changes in light and temperature. However, the impact of RNA metabolism on rhythmic gene oscillations in plant is not yet fully understood. To address this question, we performed transcriptome and degradome profiling on tomato leaves at 6 time points during one 24 h cycle, using RNA-seq and genome-wide mapping of uncapped and cleavage transcripts (GMUCT). Time-series profiling of RNA-seq revealed 9342 diurnal-oscillated genes, which were enriched in various metabolic processes. To quantify the general level of RNA degradation for each gene, we utilized the Proportion Uncapped (PU) metric, which represents the GMUCT/RNA-seq ratio. Oscillated PU analysis revealed that 3885 genes were regulated by rhythmic RNA degradation. The RNA decay of these diurnal genes was highly coordinated with mRNA downregulation during oscillation, highlighting the critical role of internal transcription-degradation balance in rhythmic gene oscillation. Furthermore, we identified 2190 genes undergoing co-translational RNA decay (CTRD) with 5' phosphate read ends enriched at the boundary of ribosomes stalling at translational termination sites. Interestingly, diurnal-changed mRNAs with large amplitudes tended to be co-translationally decay, suggesting that CTRD contributed to the rapid turnover of diurnal mRNAs. Finally, we also identified several genes, whose miRNA cleavage efficiency oscillated in a diurnal manner. Taken together, these findings uncovered the vital functions of RNA metabolism, including rhythmic RNA degradation, CTRD, and miRNA cleavage, in modulating the diurnal mRNA oscillations during diel change at post-transcriptional level in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wanxin Xue
- Shanghai Yuanyi Seedling Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Leung CC, Tarté DA, Oliver LS, Wang Q, Gendron JM. Systematic characterization of photoperiodic gene expression patterns reveals diverse seasonal transcriptional systems in Arabidopsis. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002283. [PMID: 37699055 PMCID: PMC10497145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoperiod is an annual cue measured by biological systems to align growth and reproduction with the seasons. In plants, photoperiodic flowering has been intensively studied for over 100 years, but we lack a complete picture of the transcriptional networks and cellular processes that are photoperiodic. We performed a transcriptomics experiment on Arabidopsis plants grown in 3 different photoperiods and found that thousands of genes show photoperiodic alteration in gene expression. Gene clustering, daily expression integral calculations, and cis-element analysis then separate photoperiodic genes into co-expression subgroups that display 19 diverse seasonal expression patterns, opening the possibility that many photoperiod measurement systems work in parallel in Arabidopsis. Then, functional enrichment analysis predicts co-expression of important cellular pathways. To test these predictions, we generated a comprehensive catalog of genes in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, overlaid gene expression data, and demonstrated that photoperiod intersects with 2 major phenylpropanoid pathways differentially, controlling flavonoids but not lignin. Finally, we describe the development of a new app that visualizes photoperiod transcriptomic data for the wider community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chung Leung
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Tarté
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Lilijana S. Oliver
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Joshua M. Gendron
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Farias KS, Ferreira MM, Amaral GV, Zugaib M, Santos AS, Gomes FP, Rezende RP, Gramacho KP, Aguiar ERGR, Pirovani CP. BASIDIN as a New Protein Effector of the Phytopathogen Causing Witche's Broom Disease in Cocoa. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11714. [PMID: 37511472 PMCID: PMC10380501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa secretes protein effectors that manipulate the physiology of the host plant, but few effectors of this fungus have had their functions confirmed. We performed functional characterization of a promising candidate effector of M. perniciosa. The inoculation of rBASIDIN at 4 µmol L-1 in the mesophyll of leaflets of Solanum lycopersicum caused symptoms of shriveling within 6 h without the presence of necrosis. However, when sprayed on the plant at a concentration of 11 µmol L-1, it caused wilting symptoms only 2 h after application, followed by necrosis and cell death at 48 h. rBASIDIN applied to Theobroma cacao leaves at the same concentration caused milder symptoms. rBASIDIN caused hydrogen peroxide production in leaf tissue, damaging the leaf membrane and negatively affecting the photosynthetic rate of Solanum lycopersicum plants. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that BASIDIN has orthologs in other phytopathogenic basidiomycetes. Analysis of the transcripts revealed that BASIDIN and its orthologs are expressed in different fungal species, suggesting that this protein is differentially regulated in these basidiomycetes. Therefore, the results of applying BASIDIN allow the inference that it is an effector of the fungus M. perniciosa, with a strong potential to interfere in the defense system of the host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keilane Silva Farias
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Monaliza Macêdo Ferreira
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Geiseane Veloso Amaral
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria Zugaib
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ariana Silva Santos
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fábio Pinto Gomes
- Fisiologia Vegetal, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rachel Passos Rezende
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Karina Peres Gramacho
- Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira, Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau-MAPA, Laboratório de Fitopatologia Molecular, km 22 Rodovia Ilhéus Itabuna, Ilhéus 45600-970, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Eric Roberto Guimarães Rocha Aguiar
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil
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Gendron JM, Staiger D. New Horizons in Plant Photoperiodism. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 74:481-509. [PMID: 36854481 PMCID: PMC11114106 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070522-055628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiod-measuring mechanisms allow organisms to anticipate seasonal changes to align reproduction and growth with appropriate times of the year. This review provides historical and modern context to studies of plant photoperiodism. We describe how studies of photoperiodic flowering in plants led to the first theoretical models of photoperiod-measuring mechanisms in any organism. We discuss how more recent molecular genetic studies in Arabidopsis and rice have revisited these concepts. We then discuss how photoperiod transcriptomics provides new lessons about photoperiodic gene regulatory networks and the discovery of noncanonical photoperiod-measuring systems housed in metabolic networks of plants. This leads to an examination of nonflowering developmental processes controlled by photoperiod, including metabolism and growth. Finally, we highlight the importance of understanding photoperiodism in the context of climate change, delving into the rapid latitudinal migration of plant species and the potential role of photoperiod-measuring systems in generating photic barriers during migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Gendron
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA;
| | - Dorothee Staiger
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany;
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7
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Siqueira JA, Batista-Silva W, Zsögön A, Fernie AR, Araújo WL, Nunes-Nesi A. Plant domestication: setting biological clocks. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:597-608. [PMID: 36822959 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Through domestication of wild species, humans have induced large changes in the developmental and circadian clocks of plants. As a result of these changes, modern crops are more productive and adaptive to contrasting environments from the center of origin of their wild ancestors, albeit with low genetic variability and abiotic stress tolerance. Likewise, a complete restructuring of plant metabolic timekeeping probably occurred during crop domestication. Here, we highlight that contrasting timings among organs in wild relatives of crops allowed them to recognize environmental adversities faster. We further propose that connections among biological clocks, which were established during plant domestication, may represent a fundamental source of genetic variation to improve crop resilience and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Antonio Siqueira
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Willian Batista-Silva
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Agustin Zsögön
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Red Light Resets the Expression Pattern, Phase, and Period of the Circadian Clock in Plants: A Computational Approach. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101479. [PMID: 36290383 PMCID: PMC9598827 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Progress in computational biology has provided a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of the plant circadian clock. Previously proposed models of the plant circadian clock have intended to model its entrainment using white-light/dark cycles. However, these models have failed to take into account the effect of light quality on circadian rhythms, which has been experimentally observed. In this work, we developed a computational approach to characterizing the effects of light quality on plant circadian rhythms. The results demonstrated that red light can reset the expression patterns, phases, and periods of clock component genes. The circadian period, amplitude, and phase can be co-optimized for high-quality and efficient breeding. Abstract Recent research in the fields of biochemistry and molecular biology has shown that different light qualities have extremely different effects on plant development, and optimizing light quality conditions can speed up plant growth. Clock-regulated red-light signaling, can enhance hypocotyl elongation, and increase seedling height and flower and fruit productivity. In order to investigate the effect of red light on circadian clocks in plants, a novel computational model was established. The expression profiles of the circadian element CCA1 from previous related studies were used to fit the model. The simulation results were validated by the expression patterns of CCA1 in Arabidopsis, including wild types and mutants, and by the phase shifts of CCA1 after red-light pulse. The model was used to further explore the complex responses to various photoperiods, such as the natural white-light/dark cycles, red/white/dark cycles, and extreme 24 h photoperiods. These results demonstrated that red light can reset the expression pattern, period, and phase of the circadian clock. Finally, we identified the dependence of phase shifts on the length of red-light pulse and the minimum red-light pulse length required for producing an observable phase shift. This work provides a promising computational approach to investigating the response of the circadian clock to other light qualities.
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Ntambiyukuri A, Li X, Xiao D, Wang A, Zhan J, He L. Circadian Rhythm Regulates Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Inhibits Al-Induced Programmed Cell Death in Peanut. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081271. [PMID: 36013450 PMCID: PMC9410085 DOI: 10.3390/life12081271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Peanut is among the most important oil crops in the world. In the southern part of China, peanut is highly produced; however, the arable land is acidic. In acidic soils, aluminum (Al) inhibits plant growth and development by changing the properties of the cell wall and causing the disorder of the intracellular metabolic process. Circadian rhythm is an internal mechanism that occurs about every 24 h and enables plants to maintain internal biological processes with a daily cycle. To investigate the effect of photoperiod and Al stress on the Al-induced programmed cell death (PCD), two peanut varieties were treated with 100 μM AlCl3 under three photoperiodic conditions (8/16, SD; 12/12, ND; 16/8 h, LD). The results show that Al toxicity was higher in ZH2 than in 99-1507 and higher under LD than under SD. Root length decreased by 30, 37.5, and 50% in ZH2 and decreased by 26.08, 34.78, and 47.82% in 99-1507 under SD, ND, and LD, respectively, under Al stress. Photoperiod and Al induced cell death and ROS production. MDA content, PME activity, and LOX activity increased under SD, ND, and LD, respectively, under Al stress both in ZH2 and 99-1507. APX, SOD, CAT, and POD activities were higher under SD, ND, and LD, respectively. Al stress increased the level of AhLHY expression under SD and ND but decreased it under LD in both ZH2 and 99-1507. Contrastingly, AhSTS expression levels increased exponentially and were higher under SD, LD, and ND, respectively, under Al stress. Our results will be a useful platform to research PCD induced by Al and gain new insights into the genetic manipulation of the circadian clock for plant stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Ntambiyukuri
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xia Li
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence: (D.X.); (L.H.)
| | - Aiqin Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jie Zhan
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Longfei He
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence: (D.X.); (L.H.)
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