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Fisicaro S, Clement A, Tomaselli M, Penso M, Rota A, Menna A, Badano LP, Muraru D. Timing and Patient Position During Cuff Blood Pressure Measurement Affect Myocardial Work Parameters Measured by Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2024; 37:690-697. [PMID: 38593889 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2024.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cuff blood pressure measurement is a critical parameter to calculate myocardial work noninvasively, there is no recommendation about when and how to measure it. Accordingly, we sought to evaluate the effects of the timing during the echo study and the patient's position on the scanning bed during the cuff blood pressure measurement on myocardial work parameter calculations. METHODS One hundred one consecutive patients (44 women, 66 ± 14 years) undergoing clinically indicated echocardiography were prospectively enrolled. During the echocardiographic study, we measured the cuff blood pressure 4 times, using a fully automatic digital blood pressure monitor applied to the right and left arm in the same position throughout the study: BP1, before the start of the echo study, with the patient lying in the supine position; BP2, after positioning the patients on their left side to start the echo study; BP3, at the time of the acquisition of the 3 apical views (4- and 2-chamber and long-axis) used to measured left ventricular global longitudinal strain; and BP4, at the end of the echo study with the patient again in the supine position. RESULTS Systolic blood pressureat BP1 was 147 ± 21 mm Hg. Between BP1 and BP2, it dropped by 17 ± 9 mm Hg (P < .05). Systolic blood pressure at BP3 was significantly lower than BP2 (130 ± 20 mm Hg vs 122 ± 18 mm Hg, P < .05), and at BP4 was significantly lower than at BP1 (-9 ± 13 mm Hg, P < .05). The average global longitudinal strain was -16% ± 3%. Accordingly, the global work index was 1,929 ± 441 mm Hg% at BP1, dropped to 1,717 ± 421 at BP2, decreased to 1,602 ± 351 mm Hg% at BP3, and increased to 1,815 ± 386 mm Hg% at BP4 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The timing during the echocardiography study and the patient's position on the scanning bed are critical determinants of the measured cuff systolic blood pressure and the resulting values of myocardial work parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Fisicaro
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexandra Clement
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Internal Medicine Department, "Grigore T. Popa", University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Michele Tomaselli
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Penso
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rota
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Menna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi P Badano
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Denisa Muraru
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Frișan AC, Mornoș C, Lazăr MA, Șoșdean R, Crișan S, Ionac I, Luca CT. Echocardiographic Myocardial Work: A Novel Method to Assess Left Ventricular Function in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Diabetes Mellitus. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:199. [PMID: 38399487 PMCID: PMC10890444 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia caused by coronary artery disease (CAD) and the presence of metabolic abnormalities and microvascular impairments detected in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are a common cause of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Transthoracic echocardiography is the most-used, non-invasive imaging method for the assessment of myocardial contractility. The accurate evaluation of LV function is crucial for identifying patients who are at high risk or may have worse outcomes. Myocardial work (MW) is emerging as an alternative tool for the evaluation of LV systolic function, providing additional information on cardiac performance when compared to conventional parameters such as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) because it incorporates deformation and load into its analysis. The potential of MW in various conditions is promising and it has gained increased attention. However, larger studies are necessary to further investigate its role and application before giving an answer to the question of whether it can have widespread implementation into clinical practice. The aim of this review is to summarize the actual knowledge of MW for the analysis of LV dysfunction caused by myocardial ischemia and hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Cătălina Frișan
- Cardiology Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-C.F.); (R.Ș.); (S.C.); (I.I.); (C.-T.L.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristian Mornoș
- Cardiology Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-C.F.); (R.Ș.); (S.C.); (I.I.); (C.-T.L.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihai-Andrei Lazăr
- Cardiology Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-C.F.); (R.Ș.); (S.C.); (I.I.); (C.-T.L.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Raluca Șoșdean
- Cardiology Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-C.F.); (R.Ș.); (S.C.); (I.I.); (C.-T.L.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Simina Crișan
- Cardiology Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-C.F.); (R.Ș.); (S.C.); (I.I.); (C.-T.L.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Ionac
- Cardiology Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-C.F.); (R.Ș.); (S.C.); (I.I.); (C.-T.L.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Constantin-Tudor Luca
- Cardiology Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-C.F.); (R.Ș.); (S.C.); (I.I.); (C.-T.L.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
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Arnautu DA, Gheorghiu A, Arnautu SF, Tomescu MC, Malita CD, Banciu C, Vacarescu C, Ionac I, Luca S, Cozma D, Mornos C, Gaita D, Luca CT. Subtle Changes in Myocardial Work Indices Assessed by 2D-Speckle Tracking Echocardiography Are Linked with Pathological LV Remodeling and MACEs Following an Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated by Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3108. [PMID: 37835851 PMCID: PMC10572832 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess whether subtle changes in myocardial work indices may predict left ventricular (LV) remodeling and major cardiac events (MACEs) in patients with a first ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) and preserved LVEF after successful myocardial revascularization with PCI. Methods. Consecutive STEMI patients in sinus rhythm and with an LV ejection fraction ≥ 50% following a successful PCI were recruited. Conventional and two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) was conducted within 36 h of the PCI and 3 months later. Patients having an increase of more than 20% in LV diastolic volume were included in the LV remodeling group. MACEs were noted throughout a four-year period of follow-up. Results: The study comprised 246 STEMI patients with a mean age of 66; 72% of whom were men. In 24% (58) of the patients, LV remodeling developed. These patients were older, more frequently hypertensive, and had a smoking history. They also exhibited significantly lower baseline and 3-month values for the myocardial global index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), and global myocardial efficiency (GWE). The cut-off values of 1670 mmHg% for GWI and 83% for GWE were predictive of LV remodeling (p < 0.0001). During the four-year follow-up period, 19% of STEMI patients experienced a MACE, involving 15% from non-LV remodelers and 34% from LV remodelers (p = 0.01). The cut-off values for baseline GWI of 1680 mmHg% and baseline GWE of 84% had the best accuracy in predicting MACEs. In conclusion, non-invasive myocardial work indices offered a reproducible and accurate method to predict post-MI LV remodeling and MACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana-Aurora Arnautu
- Multidisciplinary Heart Research Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.-A.A.); (A.G.); (M.-C.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, ”Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.-F.A.); (C.B.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania; (C.V.); (I.I.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (C.M.); (D.G.); (C.-T.L.)
| | - Alexandru Gheorghiu
- Multidisciplinary Heart Research Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.-A.A.); (A.G.); (M.-C.T.)
- Timisoara Municipal Clinical Emergency Hospital, 12 Revolution of 1989 Bd., 300040 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sergiu-Florin Arnautu
- Department of Internal Medicine, ”Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.-F.A.); (C.B.)
- Timisoara Municipal Clinical Emergency Hospital, 12 Revolution of 1989 Bd., 300040 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mirela-Cleopatra Tomescu
- Multidisciplinary Heart Research Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.-A.A.); (A.G.); (M.-C.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, ”Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.-F.A.); (C.B.)
- Timisoara Municipal Clinical Emergency Hospital, 12 Revolution of 1989 Bd., 300040 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Claudiu-Daniel Malita
- Timisoara Municipal Clinical Emergency Hospital, 12 Revolution of 1989 Bd., 300040 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, ”Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Christian Banciu
- Department of Internal Medicine, ”Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.-F.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Cristina Vacarescu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania; (C.V.); (I.I.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (C.M.); (D.G.); (C.-T.L.)
- Department of Cardiology, ”Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Ionac
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania; (C.V.); (I.I.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (C.M.); (D.G.); (C.-T.L.)
- Department of Cardiology, ”Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Silvia Luca
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania; (C.V.); (I.I.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (C.M.); (D.G.); (C.-T.L.)
- Department of Cardiology, ”Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dragos Cozma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania; (C.V.); (I.I.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (C.M.); (D.G.); (C.-T.L.)
- Department of Cardiology, ”Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristian Mornos
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania; (C.V.); (I.I.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (C.M.); (D.G.); (C.-T.L.)
- Department of Cardiology, ”Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dan Gaita
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania; (C.V.); (I.I.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (C.M.); (D.G.); (C.-T.L.)
- Department of Cardiology, ”Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Constantin-Tudor Luca
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania; (C.V.); (I.I.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (C.M.); (D.G.); (C.-T.L.)
- Department of Cardiology, ”Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Timisoara, 13A Gheorghe Adam Street, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
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Marzlin N, Hays AG, Peters M, Kaminski A, Roemer S, O'Leary P, Kroboth S, Harland DR, Khandheria BK, Tajik AJ, Jain R. Myocardial Work in Echocardiography. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 16:e014419. [PMID: 36734221 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.122.014419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial work is an emerging tool in echocardiography that incorporates left ventricular afterload into global longitudinal strain analysis. Myocardial work correlates with myocardial oxygen consumption, and work efficiency can also be assessed. Myocardial work has been evaluated in a variety of clinical conditions to assess the added value of myocardial work compared to left ventricular ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain. This review showcases the current use of myocardial work in adult echocardiography and its possible role in cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Marzlin
- Aurora Cardiovascular and Thoracic Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, WI (N.M., M.P., A.K., S.R., P.O., D.R.H., B.K.K., A.J.T., R.J.)
| | - Allison G Hays
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (A.G.H.)
| | - Matthew Peters
- Aurora Cardiovascular and Thoracic Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, WI (N.M., M.P., A.K., S.R., P.O., D.R.H., B.K.K., A.J.T., R.J.)
| | - Abigail Kaminski
- Aurora Cardiovascular and Thoracic Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, WI (N.M., M.P., A.K., S.R., P.O., D.R.H., B.K.K., A.J.T., R.J.)
| | - Sarah Roemer
- Aurora Cardiovascular and Thoracic Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, WI (N.M., M.P., A.K., S.R., P.O., D.R.H., B.K.K., A.J.T., R.J.)
| | - Patrick O'Leary
- Aurora Cardiovascular and Thoracic Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, WI (N.M., M.P., A.K., S.R., P.O., D.R.H., B.K.K., A.J.T., R.J.)
| | - Stacie Kroboth
- Academic Affairs, Cardiovascular Research, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (S.K.)
| | - Daniel R Harland
- Aurora Cardiovascular and Thoracic Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, WI (N.M., M.P., A.K., S.R., P.O., D.R.H., B.K.K., A.J.T., R.J.)
| | - Bijoy K Khandheria
- Aurora Cardiovascular and Thoracic Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, WI (N.M., M.P., A.K., S.R., P.O., D.R.H., B.K.K., A.J.T., R.J.)
| | - A Jamil Tajik
- Aurora Cardiovascular and Thoracic Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, WI (N.M., M.P., A.K., S.R., P.O., D.R.H., B.K.K., A.J.T., R.J.)
| | - Renuka Jain
- Aurora Cardiovascular and Thoracic Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, WI (N.M., M.P., A.K., S.R., P.O., D.R.H., B.K.K., A.J.T., R.J.)
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Wang L, Ma Y, Jin W, Zhu T, Wang J, Yu C, Zhang F, Jiang B. Coronary microcirculation dysfunction evaluated by myocardial contrast echocardiography predicts poor prognosis in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:572. [PMID: 36577944 PMCID: PMC9795674 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mortality rate of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains substantial, despite advances in treatment strategies. Coronary microcirculation dysfunction (CMD) persists after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a substantial proportion of STEMI patients. The association between CMD assessed using myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) and prognosis requires further elucidation. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of CMD after successful PCI on the prognosis of patients with STEMI. METHODS We enrolled 167 patients with STEMI after PCI who underwent MCE during hospitalization between January 2018 and March 2022. Patients were classified into the CMD and non-CMD groups according to the results of MCE. The clinical data and MCE results of both groups were analyzed. Follow-up was conducted for major adverse cardiac events. RESULTS MCE detected CMD in 105 patients (62.9%). The CMD group contained fewer hypertensive patients (55.2% versus 74.2%, P = 0.015). Patients with CMD exhibited significantly higher levels of plasma troponin I (TnI) [73.2 (23.0-124.0) versus 28.9 (12.7-80.2) ng/mL, P = 0.004], higher levels of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide [255 (99-641) versus 193 (59-389) pg/mL, P = 0.004], poorer Killip classification (P = 0.038), and different culprit vessels (P < 0.001) compared to the non-CMD group. Patients with CMD exhibited lower left ventricular ejection fraction [50 (43-58) versus 61 (54-67) %, P < 0.001], poorer wall motion score index values (1.68 ± 0.4 versus 1.31 ± 0.26, P < 0.001) and poorer left ventricular global longitudinal strain [-11.2 (-8.7 to -14.1) versus -13.9 (-11.0 to -17.2) %, P < 0.001] compared to the non-CMD group. Patients underwent follow-up for 13 (7-20) months. After adjusting for hypertension, peak TnI level, culprit vessel, and Killip classification, CMD was an independent predictor of total major adverse cardiac events at 13 months' follow-up [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 2.457; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.042-5.790; P = 0.040], and patients with CMD had a higher risk of hospitalization for heart failure (adjusted OR, 5.184; 95% CI, 1.044-25.747; P = 0.044) and repeat myocardial infarction (adjusted OR, 2.896; 95% CI, 1.109-7.565; P = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS MCE is a safe and effective method for detecting CMD in patients with STEMI. CMD detected by MCE after successful PCI in patients with STEMI is a common occurrence, which is associated with a significantly worse prognosis, especially hospitalization for heart failure and repeat myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Department of Cardiology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China ,Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Beijing, China ,grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yuliang Ma
- grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Department of Cardiology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China ,Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Beijing, China ,grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Jin
- grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Department of Cardiology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China ,Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Beijing, China ,grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Beijing, China
| | - Tiangang Zhu
- grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Department of Cardiology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China ,Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Beijing, China ,grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Department of Cardiology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China ,Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Beijing, China ,grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Yu
- grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Department of Cardiology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Department of Cardiology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China ,Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Beijing, China ,grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Beijing, China
| | - Bailin Jiang
- grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
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