Cardiovascular health profiles in adolescents being born term or preterm-results from the EVA-Tyrol study

Long-term pulmonary outcomes in BPD throughout the life-course

Respiratory disease is one of the most common complications of preterm birth. Survivors of prematurity have increased risks of morbidities and mortalities independent of prematurity, and frequently require multiple medications, home respiratory support, and subspecialty care to maintain health. Although advances in neonatal and pulmonary care have improved overall survival, earlier gestational age, lower birth weight, chorioamnionitis and late onset sepsis continue to be major factors in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. These early life events associated with prematurity can have respiratory consequences that persist into adulthood. Furthermore, after initial hospital discharge, air pollution, respiratory tract infections and socioeconomic status may modify lung growth trajectories and influence respiratory outcomes in later life. Given that the incidence of respiratory disease associated with prematurity remains stable or increased, there is a need for pediatric and adult providers to be familiar with the natural history, manifestations, and common complications of disease.

Ultrasound evaluation of the cardiovascular system in offspring conceived through assisted reproductive technology

With the widespread application of assisted reproductive technology, the health issues of offspring conceived through assisted reproductive technology have also received increasing attention. Animal experiments and clinical studies have found subclinical adverse changes in the cardiovascular system of assisted reproductive offspring. Assisted reproductive technology itself may be just one of the many factors contributing to this phenomenon, with epigenetics playing an important role. Ultrasound technology can be used to assess the morphological structure and function of the cardiovascular system in assisted reproductive offspring from the fetal stage, providing the possibility to study the potential cardiovascular damage in this large population. This review aims to explore the effects and mechanisms of assisted reproductive technology on the cardiovascular system of offspring and provide a review of the research progress in ultrasound technology in this area.