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Brede JR, Skjærseth EÅ. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) during cardiac resuscitation increased cerebral perfusion to occurrence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation-induced consciousness, a case report. Resusc Plus 2024; 18:100646. [PMID: 38694427 PMCID: PMC11060957 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Consciousness or signs of life may be seen during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), without return of spontaneous circulation. Such CPR-induced consciousness includes breathing efforts, eye opening, movements of extremities or communication with the rescuers. The consciousness may be CPR-interfering or non-interfering, and typically ends when the resuscitation efforts end. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a potential adjunct treatment to CPR and may increase the arterial blood pressure. We present a case where REBOA increased the arterial blood pressure to the extent that CPR-induced consciousness was seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jostein Rødseth Brede
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Pre-Hospital Services, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Department of Research and Development, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav́s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eivinn Årdal Skjærseth
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Pre-Hospital Services, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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van de Voort JC, Kessel B, Borger van der Burg BLS, DuBose JJ, Hörer TM, Hoencamp R. Consensus on resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in civilian (prehospital) trauma care: A Delphi study. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2024; 96:921-930. [PMID: 38227678 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) could prevent lethal exsanguination and support cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In prehospital trauma and medical emergency settings, a small population with high mortality rates could potentially benefit from early REBOA deployment. However, its use in these situations remains highly disputed. Since publication of the first Delphi study on REBOA, in which consensus was not reached on all addressed topics, new literature has emerged. The aim of this study was to establish consensus on the use and implementation of REBOA in civilian prehospital settings for noncompressible truncal hemorrhage and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest as well as for various in-hospital settings. METHODS A Delphi study consisting of three rounds of questionnaires was conducted based on a review of recent literature. REBOA experts with different medical specialties, backgrounds, and work environments were invited for the international panel. Consensus was reached when a minimum of 75% of panelists responded to a question and at least 75% (positive) or less than 25% (negative) of these respondents agreed on the questioned subject. RESULTS Panel members reached consensus on potential (contra)indications, physiological thresholds for patient selection, the use of ultrasound and practical, and technical aspects for early femoral artery access and prehospital REBOA. CONCLUSION The international expert panel agreed that REBOA can be used in civilian prehospital settings for temporary control of noncompressible truncal hemorrhage, provided that personnel are properly trained and protocols are established. For prehospital REBOA and early femoral artery access, consensus was reached on (contra)indications, physiological thresholds and practical aspects. The panel recommends the initiation of a randomized clinical trial investigating the use of prehospital REBOA for noncompressible truncal hemorrhage. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic/Care Management; Level V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan C van de Voort
- From the Department of Surgery (J.C.vdV., B.L.S.B.vdB., R.H.), Alrijne Hospital, Leiderdorp; Trauma Research Unit, Department of Trauma Surgery (J.C.vdV., R.H.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Division of General Surgery and Trauma (B.K.), Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera; Rappaport Faculty of Medicine (B.K.), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Defense Healthcare Organization (B.L.S.B.vdB., R.H.), Ministry of Defense, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care (J.J.DB.), Dell School of Medicine, University of Texas, Austin, Texas; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health (T.M.H.), and Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (T.M.H.), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro Hospital and University, Örebro, Sweden
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López-Izquierdo R, Zalama-Sánchez D, Rodrigo Enríquez DSG, Ana Ramos R, Laura Fadrique M, Mario Rodil M, Virginia Carbajosa R, Rubén Pérez G, Sanz-García A, Del Pozo Vegas C, Martín-Rodríguez F. Utility of non-invasive monitoring of exhaled carbon dioxide and perfusion index in adult patients in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med 2024; 79:85-90. [PMID: 38401230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several noninvasive solutions are available for the assessment of patients at risk of deterioration. Capnography, in the form of end-tidal exhaled CO2 (ETCO2) and perfusion index (PI), could provide relevant information about patient prognosis. The aim of the present project was to determine the association of ETCO2 and PI with mortality of patients admitted to the emergency department (ED). METHODS Multicenter, prospective, cohort study of adult patients with acute disease who needed continuous monitoring in the ED. The study included two tertiary hospitals in Spain between October 2022 and June 2023. The primary outcome of the study was in-hospital mortality (all-cause). Demographics, vital signs, ETCO2 and PI were collected. RESULTS A total of 687 patients were included in the study. The in-hospital mortality rate was 6.8%. The median age was 79 years (IQR: 69-86), and 63.3% were males. The median ETCO2 value was 30 mmHg (26-35) in survivors and 23 mmHg (16-30) in nonsurvivors (p = 0.001). For the PI, the medians were 4.7% (2.8-8.1) for survivors and 2.5% (0.98-4-4) for nonsurvivors (p < 0.001). The model that presented the best AUC was age (odds ratio (OR): 1.02 (1.00-1.05)), the respiratory rate (OR: 1.06 (1.02-1.11)), and the PI (OR: 0.83 (0.75-0.91)), with a result of 0.840 (95% CI: 0.795-0.886); the model with the respiratory rate (OR: 1.05 (1.01-1.10)), the PI (OR: 0.84 (0.76-0.93)), and the ETCO2 (no statistically significant OR), with an AUC of 0.838 (95% CI: 0.787-0.889). CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that the PI and respiratory rate are independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Both the PI and ETCO2 are predictive parameters with improved prognostic performance compared with that of standard vital signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl López-Izquierdo
- Emergency Department, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Muñoz Mario Rodil
- Emergency Department, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - García Rubén Pérez
- Emergency Department, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ancor Sanz-García
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Spain.
| | - Carlos Del Pozo Vegas
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Emergency Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario. Valladolid, Spain
| | - Francisco Martín-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Advanced Life Support, Emergency Medical Services (SACYL), Valladolid, Spain
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Brede JR, Rehn M. The end of balloons? Our take on the UK-REBOA trial. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2023; 31:69. [PMID: 37908007 PMCID: PMC10619299 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-023-01142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is increasingly used. The recently published UK-REBOA trial aimed to investigate patients suffering haemorrhagic shock and randomized to standard care alone or REBOA as adjunct to standard care and concludes that REBOA may increase the mortality. MAIN BODY In this commentary we try to balance the discussion on use of REBOA and address limitations in the UK-REBOA trial that may have influenced the outcome of the study. CONCLUSION The situation is complex, and the patients are in extremis. In summary, we do not think this is the end of balloons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jostein Rødseth Brede
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Pre-Hospital Services, St. Olav's University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas Gate 3, 7006, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Research and Development, Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Marius Rehn
- Department of Research and Development, Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Prehospital Services, Air Ambulance Department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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McHale EK, Moore JC. Resuscitation Strategies for Maximizing Survival. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2023; 41:573-586. [PMID: 37391251 DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
There is no single resuscitation strategy that will uniformly improve cardiac arrest outcomes. Traditional vital signs cannot be relied on in cardiac arrest, and the use of continuous capnography, regional cerebral tissue oxygenation, and continuous arterial monitoring are options for use early defibrillation are critical elements of resuscitation. Cardio-cerebral perfusion may be improved with the use of active compression-decompression CPR, an impedance threshold device, and head-up CPR. In refractory shockable arrest, if ECPR is not an option, consider changing defibrillator pad placement and/or double defibrillation, additional medication options, and possibly stellate ganglion block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth K McHale
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, 701 Park Avenue, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Johanna C Moore
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, 701 Park Avenue, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Advanced and Invasive Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Techniques as an Adjunct to Advanced Cardiac Life Support. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247315. [PMID: 36555932 PMCID: PMC9781548 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite numerous promising innovations, the chance of survival from sudden cardiac arrest has remained virtually unchanged for decades. Recently, technological advances have been made, user-friendly portable devices have been developed, and advanced invasive procedures have been described that could improve this unsatisfactory situation. METHODS A selective literature search in the core databases with a focus on randomized controlled trials and guidelines. RESULTS Technical aids, such as feedback systems or automated mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) devices, can improve chest compression quality. The latter, as well as extracorporeal CPR, might serve as a bridge to treatment (with extracorporeal CPR even as a bridge to recovery). Sonography may be used to improve thoracic compressions on the one hand and to rule out potentially reversible causes of cardiac arrest on the other. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta might enhance myocardial and cerebral perfusion. Minithoracostomy, pericardiocentesis, or clamshell thoracotomy might resolve reversible causes of cardiac arrest. CONCLUSIONS It is crucial to identify those patients who may benefit from an advanced or invasive procedure and make the decision to implement the intervention in a timely manner. As with all infrequently performed procedures, sound education and regular training are paramount.
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ter Avest E, Carenzo L, Lendrum RA, Christian MD, Lyon RM, Coniglio C, Rehn M, Lockey DJ, Perkins ZB. Advanced interventions in the pre-hospital resuscitation of patients with non-compressible haemorrhage after penetrating injuries. Crit Care 2022; 26:184. [PMID: 35725641 PMCID: PMC9210796 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-04052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Early haemorrhage control and minimizing the time to definitive care have long been the cornerstones of therapy for patients exsanguinating from non-compressible haemorrhage (NCH) after penetrating injuries, as only basic treatment could be provided on scene. However, more recently, advanced on-scene treatments such as the transfusion of blood products, resuscitative thoracotomy (RT) and resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) have become available in a small number of pre-hospital critical care teams. Although these advanced techniques are included in the current traumatic cardiac arrest algorithm of the European Resuscitation Council (ERC), published in 2021, clear guidance on the practical application of these techniques in the pre-hospital setting is scarce. This paper provides a scoping review on how these advanced techniques can be incorporated into practice for the resuscitation of patients exsanguinating from NCH after penetrating injuries, based on available literature and the collective experience of several helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) across Europe who have introduced these advanced resuscitation interventions into routine practice.
Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Caicedo Y, Gallego LM, Clavijo HJ, Padilla-Londoño N, Gallego CN, Caicedo-Holguín I, Guzmán-Rodríguez M, Meléndez-Lugo JJ, García AF, Salcedo AE, Parra MW, Rodríguez-Holguín F, Ordoñez CA. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in civilian pre-hospital care: a systematic review of the literature. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:202. [PMID: 36253841 PMCID: PMC9575194 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a damage control tool with a potential role in the hemodynamic resuscitation of severely ill patients in the civilian pre-hospital setting. REBOA ensures blood flow to vital organs by early proximal control of the source of bleeding. However, there is no consensus on the use of REBOA in the pre-hospital setting. This article aims to perform a systematic review of the literature about the feasibility, survival, indications, complications, and potential candidates for civilian pre-hospital REBOA. Methods A literature search was conducted using Medline, EMBASE, LILACS and Web of Science databases. Primary outcome variables included overall survival and feasibility. Secondary outcome variables included complications and potential candidates for endovascular occlusion. Results The search identified 8 articles. Five studies described the use of REBOA in pre-hospital settings, reporting a total of 47 patients in whom the procedure was attempted. Pre-hospital REBOA was feasible in 68–100% of trauma patients and 100% of non-traumatic patients with cardiac arrest. Survival rates and complications varied widely. Pre-hospital REBOA requires a coordinated and integrated emergency health care system with a well-trained and equipped team. The remaining three studies performed a retrospective analysis identifying 784 potential REBOA candidates. Conclusions Pre-hospital REBOA could be a feasible intervention for a significant portion of severely ill patients in the civilian setting. However, the evidence is limited. The impact of pre-hospital REBOA should be assessed in future studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40001-022-00836-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaset Caicedo
- Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Fundación Valle del Lili, Cra. 98 No. 18 - 49, Valle del Cauca, Cali, Colombia
| | - Linda M Gallego
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Icesi, Cl. 18 No. 122 - 135, Valle del Cauca, Cali, Colombia
| | - Hugo Jc Clavijo
- Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Fundación Valle del Lili, Cra. 98 No. 18 - 49, Valle del Cauca, Cali, Colombia
| | - Natalia Padilla-Londoño
- Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Fundación Valle del Lili, Cra. 98 No. 18 - 49, Valle del Cauca, Cali, Colombia
| | - Cindy-Natalia Gallego
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Icesi, Cl. 18 No. 122 - 135, Valle del Cauca, Cali, Colombia
| | - Isabella Caicedo-Holguín
- Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Fundación Valle del Lili, Cra. 98 No. 18 - 49, Valle del Cauca, Cali, Colombia
| | - Mónica Guzmán-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 1058, Santiago de Chile, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Juan J Meléndez-Lugo
- Department of Surgery, Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social, Av. 2nda - 4rta Cl. 5nta - 7tima, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Alberto F García
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Icesi, Cl. 18 No. 122 - 135, Valle del Cauca, Cali, Colombia.,Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cra. 98 No. 18 - 49, Valle del Cauca, 760032, Cali, Colombia.,Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidad del Valle, Cl. 13 # 100 - 00, Valle del Cauca, Cali, Colombia
| | - Alexander E Salcedo
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Icesi, Cl. 18 No. 122 - 135, Valle del Cauca, Cali, Colombia.,Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cra. 98 No. 18 - 49, Valle del Cauca, 760032, Cali, Colombia.,Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidad del Valle, Cl. 13 # 100 - 00, Valle del Cauca, Cali, Colombia.,Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cl. 5 # 36 - 08, Valle del Cauca, Cali, Colombia
| | - Michael W Parra
- Department of Trauma Critical Care, Broward General Level I Trauma Center, 1600 S Andrews Ave, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Holguín
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cra. 98 No. 18 - 49, Valle del Cauca, 760032, Cali, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Ordoñez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Icesi, Cl. 18 No. 122 - 135, Valle del Cauca, Cali, Colombia. .,Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cra. 98 No. 18 - 49, Valle del Cauca, 760032, Cali, Colombia. .,Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidad del Valle, Cl. 13 # 100 - 00, Valle del Cauca, Cali, Colombia.
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Brede JR. Aortic occlusion during cardiac arrest - Mechanical adrenaline? Resuscitation 2022; 179:94-96. [PMID: 35970397 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jostein Rødseth Brede
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Pre-Hospital Services, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Department of Research and Development, Oslo, Norway; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway.
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Resuscitative endovascular occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) as a mechanical method for increasing the coronary perfusion pressure in non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients. Resuscitation 2022; 179:277-284. [PMID: 35870557 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM of the study Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA), originally designed to block blood flow to the distal part of the aorta by placing a balloon in trauma patients, has recently been shown to increase coronary perfusion in cardiac arrest patients. This study evaluated the effect of REBOA on aortic pressure and coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) in non-traumatic out of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. METHODS Adult OHCA patients with cerebral performance category 1 or 2 prior to cardiac arrest, and without evidence of aortic disease, were enrolled from January to December 2021. Aortic pressure and right atrial pressure were measured before and after balloon occlusion. The CPP was calculated using the measured aortic and right atrial pressures, and the values before and after the balloon occlusion were compared. RESULTS Fifteen non-traumatic OHCA patients were enrolled in the study. The median call to balloon time was 46.0 (IQR, 38.0-54.5) min. The median CPP before and after balloon occlusion was 13.5 (IQR, 5.8-25.0) and 25.2 (IQR, 12.0-44.6) mmHg, respectively (P = 0.001). The median increase in the estimated CPP after balloon occlusion was 86.7%. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that REBOA may increase the CPP during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with non-traumatic OHCA. Additional studies are needed to investigate the effect on clinical outcomes.
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