A retrospective study of two populations to test a simple rule for spirometry

Individualizing the selection of long-acting bronchodilator therapy for patients with COPD: considerations in primary care

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common condition encountered in primary care settings. COPD remains the third leading cause of death in the United States and carries a significant burden to both patients and the healthcare system. COPD is a chronic, progressive, irreversible lung disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. Proper assessment and diagnosis requires spirometry which is currently underutilized in primary care. Management is focused on adequate symptom control, improving quality of breathing and quality of life, and preventing exacerbations and hospitalizations. However, many patients are not receiving long-acting bronchodilator maintenance therapy as recommended in current clinical guidelines. Even when patients receive appropriate therapy, real-world issues such as a patient's health literacy, physical and cognitive limitations, and therapy nonadherence limit the effectiveness of prescribed inhaled medications. Primary care providers are well situated to ensure that prescribed therapies and long-term management goals are matched to the individual needs of patients with COPD.