1
|
The Comparison of Full G and N Gene Sequences From Turkish Rabies Virus Field Strains. Virus Res 2022; 315:198790. [PMID: 35487366 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rabies infection is a zoonotic viral disease in humans and is spread by both wild and domestic carnivores. This study aimed to molecularly characterize the field strains of the rabies virus circulating in Turkey between 2013 and 2020. Brain samples obtained from 16 infected animals (8 cattle, one donkey, three foxes, three dogs, and one marten) were tested. Full nucleoprotein (N) and glycoprotein (G) gene sequences were used to determine the genetic and antigenic characteristics of the rabies virus field strains. The phylogenetic analyses revealed that the 16 field strains identified in Turkey belonged to the Cosmopolitan lineage.
Collapse
|
2
|
Pharande RR, Majee SB, Gaikwad SS, Moregoankar SD, Bannalikar A, Doiphode A, Gandge R, Dighe D, Ingle S, Mukherjee S. Evolutionary analysis of rabies virus using the partial Nucleoprotein and Glycoprotein gene in Mumbai region of India. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 33544071 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 1.7 million cases of dog bites are reported every year in India and many cases of animal rabies are left unattended and undiagnosed. Therefore, a mere diagnosis of rabies is not sufficient to understand the epidemiology and the spread of the rabies virus (RV) in animals. There is a paucity of information about the evolutionary dynamics of RV in dogs and its biodiversity patterns in India. In total, 50 dog-brain samples suspected of rabies were screened by the nucleoprotein- (N) and glycoprotein- (G) gene PCR. The N and G genes were subsequently sequenced to understand the molecular evolution in these genes. The phylogenetic analysis of the N gene revealed that six isolates in the Mumbai region belonged to a single Arctic lineage. Time-scaled phylogeny by Bayesian coalescent analysis of the partial N gene revealed that the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) for the sequences belonged to the cluster from 2006.68 with a highest posterior density of 95 % betweeen 2005-2008, which is assigned to Indian lineage I. Migration pattern revealed a strong Bayes factor between Mumbai to Delhi, Panji to Hyderabad, Delhi to Chennai, and Chennai to Chandigarh. Phylogenetic analysis of the G gene revealed that the RVs circulating in the Mumbai region are divided into three lineages. Time-scaled phylogeny by the Bayesian coalescent analysis method estimated that the TMRCA for sequences under study was from 1993 and Indian clusters was from 1962. In conclusion, the phylogenetic analysis of the N gene revealed that six isolates belonged to single Arctic lineages along with other Indian isolates and they were clustered into a single lineage but divided into three clades based on the G-gene sequences. The present study highlights and enhances the current molecular epidemiology and evolution of RV and revealed strong location bias and geographical clustering within Indian isolates on the basis of N and G genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharmila Badal Majee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Mumbai Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai-400012, India
| | - Satish S Gaikwad
- Animal Biotechnology Educational and Research Cell, COVAS, Parbhani, India
| | | | | | - Aakash Doiphode
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, KNPCVS, Shirval, Pune, India
| | - Rajashri Gandge
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Mumbai Veterinary College, Mumbai, India
| | - Dhananjay Dighe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Mumbai Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Sonal Ingle
- Animal Biotechnology, Mumbai Veterinary College, Mumbai
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang L, Wu X, Bao J, Song C, Du J. Phylodynamic and transmission pattern of rabies virus in China and its neighboring countries. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2119-2129. [PMID: 31147766 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rabies is a fatal disease caused by infection with rabies virus (RABV), and human rabies is still a critical public-health concern in China. Although there have been some phylogenetic studies about RABV transmission patterns, with the accumulation of more rabies sequences in recent years, there is an urgent need to update and clarify the spatial and temporal patterns of RABV circulating in China on a national scale. In this study, we collected all available RABV nucleoprotein gene sequences from China and its neighboring countries and performed comparative analysis. We identified six significant subclades of RABV circulating in China and found that each of them has a specific geographical distribution, reflecting possible physical barriers to gene flow. The phylogeographic analysis revealed minimal viral movement among different geographical locations. An analysis using Bayesian coalescent methods indicated that the current RABV strains in China may come from a common ancestor about 400 years ago, and currently, China is amid the second event of increasing RABV population since the 1950s, but the population has decreased gradually. We did not detect any evidence of recombination in the sequence dataset, nor did we find any evidence for positive selection during the expansion of RABV. Overall, geographic location and neutral genetic drift may be the main factors in shaping the phylogeography of RABV transmission in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junpeng Bao
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changxin Song
- Department of Computer, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Jianqiang Du
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wei XK, He XX, Pan Y, Liu C, Tang HB, Zhong YZ, Li XN, Liang JJ, Luo TR. Evolutionary analysis of rabies virus isolates from Guangxi Province of southern China. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:188. [PMID: 29914504 PMCID: PMC6006964 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rabies is a severe epidemic in Guangxi province, China, with hundreds of deaths occurring each year. In the past six decades, rabies has emerged three times in Guangxi, and the province has reported the largest number of rabies cases in China. The domestic dog is the principal vector for rabies, and 95% of human cases are associated with transmission from dogs. Results To understand the genetic relationship between street rabies virus (RABV) from Guangxi, genetic diversity analysis was performed using RABV isolates collected between 1999 and 2012. The N gene of 42 RABV isolates, and the P and M genes, as well as fragments of the 3′ terminus (L1–680) and the polymerase activity module of the L gene (Lpam) of 36 RABV isolates were sequenced. In addition, whole genome sequencing was performed for 5 RABV isolates. There was evidence of topological discrepancy in the phylogenetic trees based on different genes of the RABV isolates. Amino acid variation of the deduced N protein exhibited different patterns to those obtained from the P and M proteins reported here, and the previously reported G protein (Tang H. et al., PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 8(10): e3114, 2014), and L1–680 and Lpam. These RABV isolates were divided into three main branches against fixed strains. Conclusion RABV is prevalent in Guangxi province and strains collected over the last two decades belong mainly to three groups (I, II, III). These RABV isolates reveal genetic diversity. Individual RABV genes from Guangxi exhibit different evolutionary characteristics. The results will have benefits for continuing comprehensive rabies surveillance, prevention and control in China. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1514-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Kai Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Xia He
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hai-Bo Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi-Zhi Zhong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing-Jing Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ting Rong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China. .,Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|