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Marín Oliván P, Ferrando Monleón S, Bretón-Martínez JR, Piolatti Luna A, Hernández Monleón I, Fuertes Latasa C, Navarro Ortega D, Colomina Rodríguez J. [Prevalence and risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in children]. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA 2024; 37:170-175. [PMID: 38245868 PMCID: PMC10945100 DOI: 10.37201/req/113.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this work were to know the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections in the paediatric population of our health department, to describe the risk factors for infection by MRSA compared to those produced by methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and to know the antibiotic sensitivity profile of MRSA and MSSA isolates. METHODS A retrospective, descriptive and analytical study of infections produced by MRSA versus those produced by MSSA was carried out during the years 2014 to 2018. Risk factors for MRSA infection were studied using a binary logistic regression model. RESULTS 162 patients with S. aureus infections were identified. Of these, 25 (15.4%) were MRSA. The highest percentages of MRSA infection occurred among children who required hospital admission (23.4%). In the univariate analysis the need of hospital admission, antibiotic treatment in the last 3 months, the kind of infection and past MRSA infection or colonisation reached statistical significance. However, only the need of hospital admission and antibiotic treatment in the last 3 months maintained statistical significance in the binary logistic regression model. Correct antibiotic treatment was only prescribed in 26.7% of the MRSA infection cases admitted to the hospital. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the need to review empirical local treatment regimen using drugs active against MRSA in infections of probable staphylococcal origin admitted to the hospital, especially if they have received antibiotic treatment in the last 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Marín Oliván
- Paula Marín Oliván, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Avenida de Blasco Ibáñez, 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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Lee MS. Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases in Korean Adults After the Introduction of Pneumococcal Vaccine into the National Immunization Program. Infect Chemother 2023; 55:411-421. [PMID: 38183392 PMCID: PMC10771953 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2023.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Although Streptococcus pneumoniae has been one of the most common bacterial causes of disease in humans, its impact has been blunted by the broad use of vaccines. Since 2018, the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in Korea decreased with effective pneumococcal vaccines but is on the rise again recently. In this paper I will review the epidemiology, risk factors, and antibiotic resistance of invasive pneumococcal disease after the introduction of the pneumococcal vaccine in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Suk Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Hossain MS, Islam MF, Arka PB, Rohman M, Ahmed TS, Ahammed T, Chowdhury MAB, Uddin MJ. Antibiotic prescription from qualified sources for children with fever/cough: cross-sectional study from 59 low- and middle-income countries. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 61:102055. [PMID: 37434742 PMCID: PMC10331812 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Children in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) receive a staggering number of antibiotic prescriptions, many of which are inappropriate. We aimed to explore the proportion of antibiotic prescriptions from qualified sources of children under five who had a fever/cough in the two weeks prior to the survey in LMICs. Methods We used data from cross-sectional studies of the latest Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) datasets (n = 43,166) in 59 LMICs covering Sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa-West Asia-Europe, Central Asia, South & Southeast Asia, Oceania, and Latin America & the Caribbean regions. The study was conducted from March 2, 2020 to October 15, 2022. We only included the latest available surveys by country, and children under five who had taken antibiotics for fever/cough were included in the study. Finally, the outcome variable was classified into two distinct categories: those who had taken antibiotics from qualified sources and those who did not. Findings About three in four children (74.0%) received antibiotics from qualified sources. Tanzania (22.4%) and Malawi (99.9%) had the lowest and highest percentages of antibiotic prescriptions by qualified sources, respectively. Oceania had the highest percentage of qualified antibiotic prescriptions with 88.9% and Central Asia had the lowest percentage with 56.3%. Interpretation As unqualified sources of antibiotics for fever/cough in children under five were alarmingly high in some of the LMICs, the study emphasises the importance of nationwide efforts to regulate antibiotics prescriptions. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sabbir Hossain
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Fakrul Islam
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Prosenjit Basak Arka
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mahfuzer Rohman
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Sheikh Ahmed
- Department of Geography and Environment, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Ahammed
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Jamal Uddin
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
- Department of General Educational and Development, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Tefera B, Bacha B, Belew S, Raffaella R, Andualem T, Abegaz Z, Zelelew A, Uma G, Setegn T, Hunduma A, Jemal D, Daba D, Belete B. Study on identification, assay and organoleptic quality of veterinary medicines in Ethiopia. J Pharm Policy Pract 2022; 15:17. [PMID: 35241169 PMCID: PMC8892721 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-022-00410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicines of poor quality are currently prevailing problems undermining the quality of health care services in veterinary and human medicine. In this study, physico-chemical quality of veterinary medicines was evaluated. METHODS A total of 959 veterinary medicines samples were collected during routine regulatory activities, i.e. pre-registration, re-registration, consignment checking and post-marketing surveillance, in Ethiopia. The samples were transported to Animal Products, Veterinary Drug and Feed Quality Assessment Centre (APVD-FQAC), which is the quality control laboratory of the Veterinary Drug and Feed Administration and Control Authority (VDFACA) and stored until analysis. The samples were subjected to visual inspection and chemical analysis following the United States, European or British Pharmacopoeias, or manufacturer's methods. RESULTS The findings revealed that 12 (1.3%) of tested products showed defects in physical characteristics, packaging, or labelling information, while a total of 66 (6.9%) samples of the investigated products failed to comply with the Pharmacopoeias and supplier's specification limit set for assay. Of these, 60 samples did not comply with the minimum assay specification limit. CONCLUSION Overall, 8.2% of the investigated veterinary medicine samples did not comply with the specification set for the investigated quality attributes and thus were categorized as of poor quality. This indicates the need for continued strengthening of regulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belachew Tefera
- Veterinary Drug and Feed Administration and Control Authority (VDFACA), Animal Products, Veterinary Drug and Feed Quality Assessment Centre, P.O. Box 31303, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Belachew Bacha
- Veterinary Drug and Feed Administration and Control Authority (VDFACA), Animal Products, Veterinary Drug and Feed Quality Assessment Centre, P.O. Box 31303, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sileshi Belew
- Jimma University Laboratory of Drug Quality (JuLaDQ) and School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | | | - Tenaw Andualem
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the Untied Nation (FAO), P.O. Box 5536, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zerihun Abegaz
- Veterinary Drug and Feed Administration and Control Authority (VDFACA), Animal Products, Veterinary Drug and Feed Quality Assessment Centre, P.O. Box 31303, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ayalew Zelelew
- Veterinary Drug and Feed Administration and Control Authority (VDFACA), Animal Products, Veterinary Drug and Feed Quality Assessment Centre, P.O. Box 31303, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gudeta Uma
- Veterinary Drug and Feed Administration and Control Authority (VDFACA), Animal Products, Veterinary Drug and Feed Quality Assessment Centre, P.O. Box 31303, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tadese Setegn
- Veterinary Drug and Feed Administration and Control Authority (VDFACA), Animal Products, Veterinary Drug and Feed Quality Assessment Centre, P.O. Box 31303, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abdisa Hunduma
- Veterinary Drug and Feed Administration and Control Authority (VDFACA), Animal Products, Veterinary Drug and Feed Quality Assessment Centre, P.O. Box 31303, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dinsefa Jemal
- Veterinary Drug and Feed Administration and Control Authority (VDFACA), Animal Products, Veterinary Drug and Feed Quality Assessment Centre, P.O. Box 31303, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Diriba Daba
- Veterinary Drug and Feed Administration and Control Authority (VDFACA), Animal Products, Veterinary Drug and Feed Quality Assessment Centre, P.O. Box 31303, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bizuayehu Belete
- Veterinary Drug and Feed Administration and Control Authority (VDFACA), Animal Products, Veterinary Drug and Feed Quality Assessment Centre, P.O. Box 31303, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Persistent serotype 3 and 19A invasive pneumococcal diseases in adults in vaccine era: Serotype-dependent difference in ceftriaxone susceptibility. Vaccine 2022; 40:2258-2265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chávez ACF, Comas LG, Espinosa LM, Lobo JY, de Provens OCP, Andrés JMA. Impact of previous macrolide use on invasive pneumococcal disease due to erythromycin-resistant serotypes in adults over 59 years of age. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 41:227-234. [PMID: 34718890 PMCID: PMC8770387 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-021-04368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The major goals of the study were to describe the invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cases due to erythromycin-resistant serotypes and to evaluate the association between these cases and recent macrolide use in individuals aged over 59 years. We selected cases of IPD reported between 2007 and 2016 in persons aged over 59 years living in the Community of Madrid (CM). We followed the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). The explanatory variables (age, sex, year of onset of symptoms, clinical presentation, serotypes, vaccination status) were taken from the Mandatory Notification System for Infectious Diseases System and from the Vaccination Information System. The cases were classified as either included in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) or not (nonPCV13). Associations between cases due to erythromycin-resistant serotypes and previous macrolide use (total, long and short-term) were adjusted with a logistic regression multivariate analysis. A total of 1,831 cases were identified, of whom 408 were erythromycin-resistant serotypes. PCV13 cases were associated with previous macrolide use (OR: 5.07), particularly long-acting types (OR: 8.61). NonPCV13 cases were associated with the use of total macrolides (OR: 3.48) and long-acting macrolides (OR: 4.26) suggesting that PCV13 did not reduce the IPD cases in patients with previous use of macrolides. Our results confirmed that previous macrolide consumption was associated with the presence of IPD due to erythromycin-resistant serotypes. The risk was higher with the use of long-term macrolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abelardo Claudio Fernández Chávez
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Ctra. de Colmenar Viejo km. 9100, 28034, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis García Comas
- Epidemiology Service of Health Department of the Community of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Manzano Espinosa
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Yuste Lobo
- Pneumococcal Unit, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jesús María Aranaz Andrés
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Feretzakis G, Sakagianni A, Loupelis E, Kalles D, Skarmoutsou N, Martsoukou M, Christopoulos C, Lada M, Petropoulou S, Velentza A, Michelidou S, Chatzikyriakou R, Dimitrellos E. Machine Learning for Antibiotic Resistance Prediction: A Prototype Using Off-the-Shelf Techniques and Entry-Level Data to Guide Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy. Healthc Inform Res 2021; 27:214-221. [PMID: 34384203 PMCID: PMC8369050 DOI: 10.4258/hir.2021.27.3.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the era of increasing antimicrobial resistance, the need for early identification and prompt treatment of multi-drug-resistant infections is crucial for achieving favorable outcomes in critically ill patients. As traditional microbiological susceptibility testing requires at least 24 hours, automated machine learning (AutoML) techniques could be used as clinical decision support tools to predict antimicrobial resistance and select appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment. METHODS An antimicrobial susceptibility dataset of 11,496 instances from 499 patients admitted to the internal medicine wards of a public hospital in Greece was processed by using Microsoft Azure AutoML to evaluate antibiotic susceptibility predictions using patients' simple demographic characteristics, as well as previous antibiotic susceptibility testing, without any concomitant clinical data. Furthermore, the balanced dataset was also processed using the same procedure. The datasets contained the attributes of sex, age, sample type, Gram stain, 44 antimicrobial substances, and the antibiotic susceptibility results. RESULTS The stack ensemble technique achieved the best results in the original and balanced dataset with an area under the curve-weighted metric of 0.822 and 0.850, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of AutoML for antimicrobial susceptibility data can provide clinicians useful information regarding possible antibiotic resistance and aid them in selecting appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy by taking into consideration the local antimicrobial resistance ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Feretzakis
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Patras,
Greece
- IT Department, Sismanogleio General Hospital, Marousi,
Greece
- Independent Department of Quality Control, Research and Continuing Education, Sismanogleio General Hospital, Marousi,
Greece
| | | | | | - Dimitris Kalles
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Patras,
Greece
| | | | - Maria Martsoukou
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Sismanogleio General Hospital, Marousi,
Greece
| | | | - Malvina Lada
- Internal Medicine Department, Sismanogleio General Hospital, Marousi,
Greece
| | | | - Aikaterini Velentza
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Sismanogleio General Hospital, Marousi,
Greece
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Alkhaldi SM, Yaseen NA, Bataineh EA, Al-Rawashdeh B, Albadaineh MA, Mubarak SM, Jaras RE, Taha HA. Patterns of antibiotic prescribing and appropriateness for respiratory tract infections in a teaching hospital in Jordan. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14113. [PMID: 33629481 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inappropriate use of antibiotics is a public health concern that promotes antibiotic resistance globally. This study aimed to investigate the patterns of antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in Jordan to encourage judicious antibiotic prescribing. METHODS The researchers conducted a retrospective secondary analysis of oral antibiotics prescribed in the family medicine clinics in a teaching university hospital in Jordan in 2017. Antibiotic prescribing rates and the types of antibiotics prescribed were analysed. Patients' age, gender, type of insurance, and the RTIs diagnosis were investigated as possible factors that could be associated with inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for RTIs. RESULTS Our findings revealed that 20 133 prescriptions, (27.3%) of all the prescriptions issued in the family medicine clinics included an antibiotic. Penicillins accounted for 52.7% of all the antibiotics prescribed, followed by macrolides (21.6%) and cephalosporins (16.4%). The most common indication for prescribing the antibiotics was RTIs (51.1%). The majority of antibiotics prescribed for respiratory diagnosis were for upper RTIs (URTI) (61.5%), followed by otitis media (16.9%) and tonsillitis (15.4%). Only 28.8% of all the antibiotics prescribed were appropriate and indicated. Older patients were significantly more likely to be prescribed an antibiotic compared to the younger (P < .001). Also, hospital employees and university employees were significantly more likely to be prescribed an antibiotic compared to the Ministry of Health employees (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Antibiotics were inappropriately prescribed, and their prescribing rate was high in the outpatient setting in the family medicine clinics studied in Jordan. This calls for policy-level interventions to promote judicious antibiotic prescribing to minimise the avoidable burden of microbial resistance and unnecessary expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sireen M Alkhaldi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nada A Yaseen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Baeth Al-Rawashdeh
- Department of Special Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Sura M Mubarak
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Razan E Jaras
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hana A Taha
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Global Health Development, Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network, Amman, Jordan
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9
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Intahphuak S, Apidechkul T, Kuipiaphum P. Antibiotic resistance among the Lahu hill tribe people, northern Thailand: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:385. [PMID: 33902489 PMCID: PMC8077817 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is often reported and great concerned as one of public health problems especially people living with poverty in developing countries including Thailand. The hill tribe people is defined as vulnerable population for antibiotic resistance in Thailand due to poor economic and education status particularly the Lahu people who is the second greatest group of the hill tribe people in Thailand. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence, factors associated with, and typing major species of bacteria with antibiotic drugs resistance among the Lahu hill tribe people in northern Thailand. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to gather the information from the participants. A validated questionnaire was used for data collection. Participants who presented an illness related to infectious diseases were eligible to participate the study and were asked to obtain specific specimen; sputum, urine or stool. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested by Kirbey Bauer's disc diffusion test. Chi-square and logistic regression were used to detect the associations between variables at the significant level of α = 0.05. RESULTS A total of 240 participants were recruited into the study. The majority had urinary tract infection (67.9%) with two major pathogenic species of the infection; Escherichia coli (12.8%), and Enterobacter cloacae (8.0%). The prevalence of antibiotic resistance was 16.0%. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae species were found to have multidrug resistance that was greater than that of other species, while ampicillin was found to have the greatest drug resistance. It was found that those who had poor knowledge of antibiotic use had a 2.56-fold greater chance (95% CI = 1.09-5.32) of having antibiotic resistance than did those who had good knowledge of antibiotic use, and those who had poor antibiotic use behaviors had a 1.79-fold greater chance (95% CI = 1.06-4.80) of having antibiotic resistance than did those who had good antibiotic use behaviors. CONCLUSION Effective public health interventions are urgently needed to reduce antibiotic drug resistance among the Lahu people by improving their knowledge and skills regarding the proper use of antibiotics and eventually minimizing antibiotic resistance. Moreover, health care professionals should strictly follow the standard guideline to prescribe antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tawatchai Apidechkul
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Laung University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand.
| | - Patita Kuipiaphum
- Mae Je Dee Mai Sub-District Health Promotion Hospital, Wiang Pa Pao, Chiang Rai, 57260, Thailand
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Lee GW, Ryu S, Park J, Lee EJ, Lee KJ, Tae J, Hwang Y, Kim DS. Changes of antibiotic prescribing pattern and its resistance to E. Coli in South Korea: a 12-year retrospective observational study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5658. [PMID: 33707496 PMCID: PMC7970963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the pattern of changes in antibiotic prescription and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli in South Korea between 2007 and 2018. We collected data related to antibiotic prescription and AMR in E. coli from the national surveillance system. We used the Mann–Kendall test and Spearman’s correlation to identify the trends of antibiotic prescription and AMR in E. coli and to examine the relationship between them, respectively. Although we noted a significant decreasing trend of ampicillin and gentamicin prescriptions in all medical institutions, we identified a higher level of AMR in long-term care facilities than in other medical institutions. We did not identify a significant positive correlation between ampicillin and gentamicin prescriptions and their resistance in E. coli. However, we found a significant positive correlation between cefotaxime prescription and its resistance in E. coli in hospitals, long-term care facilities, and clinics. Our results strongly suggest that long-term care facilities in South Korea have the potential to sustain AMR epidemics and that more efforts are needed to curb AMR in E. coli. Further epidemiological studies using enhanced AMR surveillance are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Woo Lee
- Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology Research Team, Department of Research, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Sukhyun Ryu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Juhee Park
- Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology Research Team, Department of Research, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Eun Jee Lee
- Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology Research Team, Department of Research, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Kwang Jun Lee
- National Institute of Health, Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, South Korea
| | - Jungyeon Tae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Youngsik Hwang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong-Sook Kim
- Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology Research Team, Department of Research, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju, South Korea.
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Salloum S, Tawk M, Tayyara L. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics and associated factors in two hospital centers in Lebanon from January 2017 to June 2017. Infect Prev Pract 2020; 2:100043. [PMID: 34368694 PMCID: PMC8335911 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2020.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
General presentation Resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a universal problem. With the increase in the rate of resistance, knowledge of susceptibility patterns is essential to guide antimicrobial therapy. In Lebanon, many studies investigated this subject. Objectives Determine the rate of multidrug and extremely drug-resistant bacteria as well as the patterns of resistance and the factors associated with this resistance. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was performed using the cultures from the labs of two university hospitals in Lebanon. Bacteria were divided into four groups: sensitive, multidrug-, extremely- and pan-drug resistant. Patient information was obtained from the medical records. Using the SPSS software for Windows, version 20 (IBM, Armonk, USA), the frequency of the bacteria, their susceptibilities and the association of resistance with seven potential factors (age, gender, diabetes mellitus, cancer, chronic kidney disease, dialysis, previous hospitalization) were studied. Results The frequency of resistance was 53.7% (39.9% multidrug-resistant and 13.8% extremely drug-resistant). Escherichia coli strains were mostly susceptible to carbapenems and tigecycline; and nitrofurantoine and fosfomycin in urine. Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species were mostly sensitive to colistin. Klebsiella species were mostly susceptible to amikacin and carbapenems. MRSA rates were 34.8%. Association was seen between the resistant bacteria and older age, chronic kidney disease, dialysis, and previous hospitalization. Conclusion Resistance of bacteria to drugs in Lebanon is increasing. Significant association is seen between these bacteria and older age, chronic kidney disease, dialysis, and previous hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Salloum
- Internal Medicine Resident, Lebanese University, Lebanon
| | - Michel Tawk
- Internal Medicine Resident, Lebanese University, Rouphael Abou Jawde Street, Anwar Sello Building, Third Floor, Zalka, Lebanon
| | - Loubna Tayyara
- Doctor of Internal and Pulmonary Medicine, Master Degree in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Carried Out in Lebanese Hospital Geitaoui, Makassed General Hospital, Lebanon
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12
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Hansen MB, Arpi M, Hedin K, Melander E, Hertz FB, Thorsted AB, Jakobsen HN, Hyllebusk L, Brogaard E, Jensen JN. Antibiotic-prescribing and antibiotic-resistance patterns among elderly citizens residing in two Nordic regions. Infect Dis (Lond) 2020; 52:257-265. [PMID: 31924124 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2019.1711159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to compare antibiotic-prescribing rates in 2016 and antibiotic-resistance rates in 2017 among citizens aged ≥85 years between the Capital Region in Denmark and the Skåne Region in Sweden, with regards to overall antibiotic use and antibiotics of choice for urinary tract infections (UTIs) and skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Methods: Inhabitants ≥85 year old on the date of prescription during 2016 and residing in the Capital Region or the Skåne Region were included for antibiotic-prescription analyses. Samples from 2017 from residents of the same regions who were ≥85 years old were included for antibiotic-resistance analyses. Antimicrobial use was determined according to the drugs of choice for UTIs and SSTIs in Denmark and Sweden. Students t-tests were used to compare antibiotic prescribing while a Chi-Squared test was performed to compare antibiotic resistance. Results: There was a significantly higher overall prescription rate among citizens ≥85 years in the Capital Region than in the Skåne Region. The same pattern was evident for the antibiotics of choice for UTIs and SSTIs except for clindamycin. Antibiotic resistance against all antibiotics included was more prominent in the Capital Region than in the Skåne Region. Conclusion: Considerable variation in antibiotic prescribing and resistance exists among elderly citizens between these two adjacent Nordic regions. Information and reflection on current practices and resistance patterns may direct attention towards antimicrobial stewardship as a higher priority and may help inform and motivate prescribing behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Bøgelund Hansen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Magnus Arpi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Katarina Hedin
- Futurum, Region Jönköping County and Department of Health Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Family Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eva Melander
- Regional Centre of Communicable Disease Control, Skåne Region, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Frederik Boëtius Hertz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Anne Bonde Thorsted
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Neel Jakobsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lena Hyllebusk
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma Brogaard
- Department of Medicines Resource, Skåne Region, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jette Nygaard Jensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.,Task Force for Reducing Hospital Infections, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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