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Lučiūnaitė A, Mašalaitė K, Plikusiene I, Maciulis V, Juciute S, Norkienė M, Žvirblienė A. Structural properties of immune complexes formed by viral antigens and specific antibodies shape the inflammatory response of macrophages. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:53. [PMID: 38664730 PMCID: PMC11046781 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Data on the course of viral infections revealed severe inflammation as a consequence of antiviral immune response. Despite extensive research, there are insufficient data on the role of innate immune cells in promoting inflammation mediated by immune complexes (IC) of viral antigens and their specific antibodies. Recently, we demonstrated that antigens of human polyomaviruses (PyVs) induce an inflammatory response in macrophages. Here, we investigated macrophage activation by IC. We used primary murine macrophages as a cell model, virus-like particles (VLPs) of PyV capsid protein as antigens, and a collection of murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b subclasses. The inflammatory response was investigated by analysing inflammatory chemokines and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. We observed a diverse pattern of chemokine secretion in macrophages treated with different IC compared to VLPs alone. To link IC properties with cell activation status, we characterised the IC by advanced optical and acoustic techniques. Ellipsometry provided precise real-time kinetics of mAb-antigen interactions, while quartz crystal microbalance measurements showed changes in conformation and viscoelastic properties during IC formation. These results revealed differences in mAb-antigen interaction and mAb binding parameters of the investigated IC. We found that IC-mediated cell activation depends more on IC characteristics, including mAb affinity, than on mAb affinity for the activating Fc receptor. IC formed by the highest affinity mAb showed a significant enhancement of inflammasome activation. This may explain the hyperinflammation related to viral infection and vaccination. Our findings demonstrate that IC promote the viral antigen-induced inflammatory response depending on antibody properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Lučiūnaitė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Kristina Mašalaitė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Plikusiene
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Pharmacy and Pharmacology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vincentas Maciulis
- State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Silvija Juciute
- NanoTechnas - Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Milda Norkienė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Žvirblienė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
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KI and WU Polyomaviruses: Seroprevalence Study and DNA Prevalence in SARS-CoV-2 RNA Positive and Negative Respiratory Samples. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040752. [PMID: 35456801 PMCID: PMC9031565 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the possible co-infection of KI and WU polyomavirus (KIPyV and WUPyV, respectively) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in respiratory samples and to detect the seroprevalence of KIPyV and WUPyV. A total of 1030 nasopharyngeal samples were analyzed from SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive (n = 680) and negative (n = 350) adults and children (age: 1 day to 94.2 years) collected from August 2020 to October 2021. KIPyV DNA was detected in two SARS-CoV-2-positive samples (2/680, 0.29%) and in three SARS-CoV-2-negative samples (3/350, 0.86%). WUPyV DNA was observed in one-one samples from both groups (1/680, 0.15% vs. 1/350, 0.29%). We did not find an association between SARS-CoV-2 and KIPyV or WUPyV infection, and we found low DNA prevalence of polyomaviruses studied after a long-term lockdown in Hungary. To exclude a geographically different distribution of these polyomaviruses, we studied the seroprevalence of KIPyV and WUPyV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay among children and adults (n = 692 for KIPyV and n = 705 for WUPyV). Our data confirmed that primary infections by KIPyV and WUPyV occur mainly during childhood; the overall seropositivity of adults was 93.7% and 89.2% for KIPyV and WUPyV, respectively. Based on our data, we suggest that the spread of KIPyV and WUPyV might have been restricted in Hungary by the lockdown.
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Prezioso C, Moens U, Oliveto G, Brazzini G, Piacentini F, Frasca F, Viscido A, Scordio M, Guerrizio G, Rodio DM, Pierangeli A, d’Ettorre G, Turriziani O, Antonelli G, Scagnolari C, Pietropaolo V. KI and WU Polyomavirus in Respiratory Samples of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061259. [PMID: 34207902 PMCID: PMC8229673 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been declared a global pandemic. Our goal was to determine whether co-infections with respiratory polyomaviruses, such as Karolinska Institutet polyomavirus (KIPyV) and Washington University polyomavirus (WUPyV) occur in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Oropharyngeal swabs from 150 individuals, 112 symptomatic COVID-19 patients and 38 healthcare workers not infected by SARS-CoV-2, were collected from March 2020 through May 2020 and tested for KIPyV and WUPyV DNA presence. Of the 112 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, 27 (24.1%) were co-infected with KIPyV, 5 (4.5%) were positive for WUPyV, and 3 (2.7%) were infected simultaneously by KIPyV and WUPyV. Neither KIPyV nor WUPyV DNA was detected in samples of healthcare workers. Significant correlations were found in patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and KIPyV (p < 0.05) and between SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold values and KIPyV, WUPyV and KIPyV and WUPyV concurrently detected (p < 0.05). These results suggest that KIPyV and WUPyV may behave as opportunistic respiratory pathogens. Additional investigations are needed to understand the epidemiology and the prevalence of respiratory polyomavirus in COVID-19 patients and whether KIPyV and WUPyV could potentially drive viral interference or influence disease outcomes by upregulating SARS-CoV-2 replicative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Prezioso
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (G.B.); (F.P.); (G.d.)
- IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-Degenerative Pathologies, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Moens
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Giuseppe Oliveto
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.O.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (D.M.R.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (G.A.); (C.S.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Sapienza” University Hospital “Policlinico Umberto I”, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Brazzini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (G.B.); (F.P.); (G.d.)
| | - Francesca Piacentini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (G.B.); (F.P.); (G.d.)
| | - Federica Frasca
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.O.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (D.M.R.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (G.A.); (C.S.)
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Viscido
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.O.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (D.M.R.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (G.A.); (C.S.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Sapienza” University Hospital “Policlinico Umberto I”, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Scordio
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.O.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (D.M.R.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (G.A.); (C.S.)
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Guerrizio
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.O.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (D.M.R.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (G.A.); (C.S.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Sapienza” University Hospital “Policlinico Umberto I”, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Maria Rodio
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.O.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (D.M.R.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (G.A.); (C.S.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Sapienza” University Hospital “Policlinico Umberto I”, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.O.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (D.M.R.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (G.A.); (C.S.)
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella d’Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (G.B.); (F.P.); (G.d.)
| | - Ombretta Turriziani
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.O.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (D.M.R.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (G.A.); (C.S.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Sapienza” University Hospital “Policlinico Umberto I”, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.O.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (D.M.R.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (G.A.); (C.S.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Sapienza” University Hospital “Policlinico Umberto I”, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.O.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (D.M.R.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (G.A.); (C.S.)
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (G.B.); (F.P.); (G.d.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Sapienza” University Hospital “Policlinico Umberto I”, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49914439
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