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Kaur S, Sukhija J, Kumari K. Commentary: Genetic testing in cases of pediatric cataract. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:2623-2624. [PMID: 35791176 PMCID: PMC9426110 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_124_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Savleen Kaur
- Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jaspreet Sukhija
- Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kiran Kumari
- Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Gomes CP, Marins MM, Motta FL, Kyosen SO, Curiati MA, D'Almeida V, Martins AM, Pesquero JB. A New Mutation in IDS Gene Causing Hunter Syndrome: A Case Report. Front Genet 2020; 10:1383. [PMID: 32256517 PMCID: PMC7093562 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome) is an X-linked multisystem disorder, caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase (I2S). The clinical manifestations of this disease are severe skeletal deformities, airway obstruction, cardiomyopathy, and neurologic deterioration. Patient The patient was 5 years and 6 months boy, with developmental delay, hearing loss, hepatosplenomegaly, and skeletal dysplasia. He was diagnosed with mucopolysaccharidosis type II based on clinical manifestations, biochemical and genetic analysis. Outcomes The patient carries a new mutation (c.879-1210_1007-218del) in hemizygosis in the IDS gene, which was defined as pathogenic according to the 2015 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics-Association for Molecular Pathology guidelines and as responsible for the mucopolysaccharidosis type II phenotype in the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Perez Gomes
- Center for Research and Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maryana Mara Marins
- Center for Research and Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Louise Motta
- Center for Research and Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Obikawa Kyosen
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Reference Center, Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Curiati
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Reference Center, Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Psychobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Martins
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Reference Center, Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Center for Research and Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hamdi HK, Reddy S, Laz N, Eltaher R, Kandell Z, Mahmud T, Alenazi L, Haroun B, Hassan M, Ragavendra R. A human specific Alu DNA cassette is found flanking the genes of transcription factor AP2. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:222. [PMID: 30975199 PMCID: PMC6458609 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Alu elements are retroposons that invaded the primate genome and shaped its biology. Some Alus inserted recently and are polymorphic in the human population. It is these Alus that are being sought after in disease association studies and regulatory biology. Discovering polymorphic Alus in the human genome can open areas of new research in these fields. Results Using the polymerase chain reaction on genomic DNA, we identified a polymorphic Alu in the flanking region of the TFAP2B and TFAP2D genes. The new insert was found in higher frequency in Europeans (0.4) and Asians (0.38) and lower frequency in Africans (0.25). We also show this Alu to be part of a 3 Alu cassette that is human specific. The TFAP2B and TFAP2D genes encode members of the transcription factor AP-2, which plays a role in organ development. The insertion of this Alu cassette flanking the transcription factor genes distinguishes humans from the primates. This cassette can possibly affect the regulation of both genes or alternately provoke genomic deletions, which we have shown in this study. Its presence in such a location is intriguing and unquestionably opens an investigational window in disease association studies and in the field of gene regulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-019-4247-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi K Hamdi
- Basic Medical Sciences Dept., College of Dentistry, Almustqbal University, PO Box 156, Buraida, Qassim, 51411, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Siddana Reddy
- Basic Medical Sciences Dept., College of Dentistry, Almustqbal University, PO Box 156, Buraida, Qassim, 51411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Laz
- Basic Medical Sciences Dept., College of Dentistry, Almustqbal University, PO Box 156, Buraida, Qassim, 51411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Renad Eltaher
- Basic Medical Sciences Dept., College of Dentistry, Almustqbal University, PO Box 156, Buraida, Qassim, 51411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahraa Kandell
- Basic Medical Sciences Dept., College of Dentistry, Almustqbal University, PO Box 156, Buraida, Qassim, 51411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Teif Mahmud
- Basic Medical Sciences Dept., College of Dentistry, Almustqbal University, PO Box 156, Buraida, Qassim, 51411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamia Alenazi
- Basic Medical Sciences Dept., College of Dentistry, Almustqbal University, PO Box 156, Buraida, Qassim, 51411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basheer Haroun
- Basic Medical Sciences Dept., College of Dentistry, Almustqbal University, PO Box 156, Buraida, Qassim, 51411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohanad Hassan
- Basic Medical Sciences Dept., College of Dentistry, Almustqbal University, PO Box 156, Buraida, Qassim, 51411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raju Ragavendra
- Basic Medical Sciences Dept., College of Dentistry, Almustqbal University, PO Box 156, Buraida, Qassim, 51411, Saudi Arabia
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Zhou Z, Li L, Lu L, Min L. Identification of a missense mutation in MIP gene via mutation analysis of a Guangxi Zhuang ethnic pedigree with congenital nuclear cataracts. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:3256-3260. [PMID: 30214549 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, congenital cataract is the world's leading cause of blindness among children. The aim of the present study was to determine and analyze the genetic disorder associated with a congenital nuclear cataract in a three-generation family of Guangxi Zhuang ethnicity. A total of 3 affected individuals and 5 unaffected family members underwent appropriate comprehensive medical examinations, mainly of the eyes. The white blood cells of the family members were collected and genomic DNA was extracted from 100 healthy individuals, as the control group. The sequences of candidate genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction amplification followed by direct sequencing. The functional consequences of the mutation were analysed with biology software. A missense mutation (c.97C>T) was found in exon 1 of major intrinsic protein of lens fiber (MIP) gene. Therefore, the arginine of the highly conserved codon 33 was changed to cysteine. This mutation was identified in the affected family members, but not identified in unaffected family members or the 100 normal controls. The mutation in the MIP gene is the genetic cause of the congenital cataract in the ethnic Guangxi Zhuang family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Li Min
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Reis LM, Semina EV. Genetic landscape of isolated pediatric cataracts: extreme heterogeneity and variable inheritance patterns within genes. Hum Genet 2018; 138:847-863. [PMID: 30187164 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1932-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric cataract represents an important cause of pediatric visual impairment. While both genetic and environmental causes for pediatric cataract are known, a large proportion remains idiopathic. The purpose of this review is to discuss genes involved in isolated pediatric cataract, with a focus on variable inheritance patterns within genes. Mutations in over 52 genes are known to cause isolated pediatric cataract, with a major contribution from genes encoding for crystallins, transcription factors, membrane proteins, and cytoskeletal proteins. Interestingly, both dominant and recessive inheritance patterns have been reported for mutations in 13 different cataract genes. For some genes, dominant and recessive alleles represent distinct types of mutations, but for many, especially missense variants, there are no clear patterns to distinguish between dominant and recessive alleles. Further research into the functional effects of these mutations, as well as additional data on the frequency of the identified variants, is needed to clarify variant pathogenicity. Exome sequencing continues to be successful in identifying novel genes associated with congenital cataract but is hindered by the extreme genetic heterogeneity of this condition. The large number of idiopathic cases suggests that more genes and potentially novel mechanisms of gene disruption remain to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Reis
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Elena V Semina
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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Messina-Baas O, Cuevas-Covarrubias SA. Inherited Congenital Cataract: A Guide to Suspect the Genetic Etiology in the Cataract Genesis. Mol Syndromol 2017; 8:58-78. [PMID: 28611546 DOI: 10.1159/000455752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cataracts are the principal cause of treatable blindness worldwide. Inherited congenital cataract (CC) shows all types of inheritance patterns in a syndromic and nonsyndromic form. There are more than 100 genes associated with cataract with a predominance of autosomal dominant inheritance. A cataract is defined as an opacity of the lens producing a variation of the refractive index of the lens. This variation derives from modifications in the lens structure resulting in light scattering, frequently a consequence of a significant concentration of high-molecular-weight protein aggregates. The aim of this review is to introduce a guide to identify the gene involved in inherited CC. Due to the manifold clinical and genetic heterogeneity, we discarded the cataract phenotype as a cardinal sign; a 4-group classification with the genes implicated in inherited CC is proposed. We consider that this classification will assist in identifying the probable gene involved in inherited CC.
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