1
|
Ruggeri SY, Emerson A, Russell CL. A concept analysis of routines for improving health behaviors. Int J Nurs Sci 2023; 10:277-287. [PMID: 37545771 PMCID: PMC10401352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Chronic disease patients often have unhealthy routines, especially when away from health care professionals. These patients need clear guidance about establishing and maintaining routines. This study aimed to synthesize a definition of the concept of routines for improving health behaviors based on its uses in the literature. Methods We searched CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar from January to May, 2022 for articles that included definitions of routines in the context of improving health behavior. We applied no date restriction. The systematic analytic method and Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis method were used. We charted the attributes, antecedents, and consequences of routines for improving health behaviors, analyzed their uses in the literature, and synthesized the results in a definition of the concept. Result At total of 24 articles were included. Attributes of the concept were repeated patterns, controllable by the patient, goal-oriented health, and integration into an overarching lifestyle. Antecedents were individual characteristics and environmental factors. Consequences were psychological, physical, and social well-being at individual and environmental levels. Conclusion This clarified definition of routines for improving health behaviors will provide a starting point for future research and, eventually, a basis for clinical nursing interventions to support patients in developing and maintaining healthy routines to promote better patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Y. Ruggeri
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Dr. Lillian R. Goodman Department of Nursing, Worcester State University, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amanda Emerson
- University of Kansas Medical Center, University of Kansas School of Nursing, Kansas, USA
| | - Cynthia L. Russell
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Campbell ZC, Dawson JK, Kirkendall SM, McCaffery KJ, Jansen J, Campbell KL, Lee VW, Webster AC. Interventions for improving health literacy in people with chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 12:CD012026. [PMID: 36472416 PMCID: PMC9724196 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012026.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low health literacy affects 25% of people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with increased morbidity and death. Improving health literacy is a recognised priority, but effective interventions are not clear. OBJECTIVES This review looked the benefits and harms of interventions for improving health literacy in people with CKD. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies up to 12 July 2022 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review. Studies in the Register are identified through searches of CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, conference proceedings, the International Clinical Trials Register (ICTRP) Search Portal and ClinicalTrials.gov. We also searched MEDLINE (OVID) and EMBASE (OVID) for non-randomised studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised studies that assessed interventions aimed at improving health literacy in people with CKD. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed studies for eligibility and performed risk of bias analysis. We classified studies as either interventions aimed at improving aspects of health literacy or interventions targeting a population of people with poor health literacy. The interventions were further sub-classified in terms of the type of intervention (educational, self-management training, or educational with self-management training). Results were expressed as mean difference (MD) or standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for continuous outcomes and risk ratios (RR) with 95% CI for dichotomous outcomes. MAIN RESULTS We identified 120 studies (21,149 participants) which aimed to improve health literacy. There were 107 RCTs and 13 non-randomised studies. No studies targeted low literacy populations. For the RCTs, selection bias was low or unclear in 94% of studies, performance bias was high in 86% of studies, detection bias was high in 86% of studies reporting subjective outcomes and low in 93% of studies reporting objective outcomes. Attrition and other biases were low or unclear in 86% and 78% of studies, respectively. Compared to usual care, low certainty evidence showed educational interventions may increase kidney-related knowledge (14 RCTs, 2632 participants: SMD 0.99, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.32; I² = 94%). Data for self-care, self-efficacy, quality of life (QoL), death, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and hospitalisations could not be pooled or was not reported. Compared to usual care, low-certainty evidence showed self-management interventions may improve self-efficacy (5 RCTs, 417 participants: SMD 0.58, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.03; I² = 74%) and QoL physical component score (3 RCTs, 131 participants: MD 4.02, 95% CI 1.09 to 6.94; I² = 0%). There was moderate-certainty evidence that self-management interventions probably did not slow the decline in eGFR after one year (3 RCTs, 855 participants: MD 1.53 mL/min/1.73 m², 95% CI -1.41 to 4.46; I² = 33%). Data for knowledge, self-care behaviour, death and hospitalisations could not be pooled or was not reported. Compared to usual care, low-certainty evidence showed educational with self-management interventions may increase knowledge (15 RCTs, 2185 participants: SMD 0.65, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.93; I² = 90%), improve self-care behaviour scores (4 RCTs, 913 participants: SMD 0.91, 95% CI 0.00 to 1.82; I² =97%), self-efficacy (8 RCTs, 687 participants: SMD 0.50, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.89; I² = 82%), improve QoL physical component score (3 RCTs, 2771 participants: MD 2.56, 95% CI 1.73 to 3.38; I² = 0%) and may make little or no difference to slowing the decline of eGFR (4 RCTs, 618 participants: MD 4.28 mL/min/1.73 m², 95% CI -0.03 to 8.85; I² = 43%). Moderate-certainty evidence shows educational with self-management interventions probably decreases the risk of death (any cause) (4 RCTs, 2801 participants: RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.02; I² = 0%). Data for hospitalisation could not be pooled. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Interventions to improve aspects of health literacy are a very broad category, including educational interventions, self-management interventions and educational with self-management interventions. Overall, this type of health literacy intervention is probably beneficial in this cohort however, due to methodological limitations and high heterogeneity in interventions and outcomes, the evidence is of low certainty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe C Campbell
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jessica K Dawson
- Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, St George Hospital, Kogarah, Australia
| | | | - Kirsten J McCaffery
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jesse Jansen
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Family Medicine, School Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Katrina L Campbell
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Vincent Ws Lee
- Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Angela C Webster
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, The University of Sydney at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
- Department of Transplant and Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mellon L, Doyle F, Hickey A, Ward KD, de Freitas DG, McCormick PA, O'Connell O, Conlon P. Interventions for increasing immunosuppressant medication adherence in solid organ transplant recipients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 9:CD012854. [PMID: 36094829 PMCID: PMC9466987 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012854.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-adherence to immunosuppressant therapy is a significant concern following a solid organ transplant, given its association with graft failure. Adherence to immunosuppressant therapy is a modifiable patient behaviour, and different approaches to increasing adherence have emerged, including multi-component interventions. There has been limited exploration of the effectiveness of interventions to increase adherence to immunosuppressant therapy. OBJECTIVES This review aimed to look at the benefits and harms of using interventions for increasing adherence to immunosuppressant therapies in solid organ transplant recipients, including adults and children with a heart, lung, kidney, liver and pancreas transplant. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies up to 14 October 2021 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review. Studies in the Register were identified through searches of CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, conference proceedings, the International Clinical Trials Register (ICTRP) Search Portal and ClinicalTrials.gov. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs, and cluster RCTs examining interventions to increase immunosuppressant adherence following a solid organ transplant (heart, lung, kidney, liver, pancreas) were included. There were no restrictions on language or publication type. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts of identified records, evaluated study quality and assessed the quality of the evidence using the GRADE approach. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. The ABC taxonomy for measuring medication adherence provided the analysis framework, and the primary outcomes were immunosuppressant medication initiation, implementation (taking adherence, dosing adherence, timing adherence, drug holidays) and persistence. Secondary outcomes were surrogate markers of adherence, including self-reported adherence, trough concentration levels of immunosuppressant medication, acute graft rejection, graft loss, death, hospital readmission and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Meta-analysis was conducted where possible, and narrative synthesis was carried out for the remainder of the results. MAIN RESULTS Forty studies involving 3896 randomised participants (3718 adults and 178 adolescents) were included. Studies were heterogeneous in terms of the type of intervention and outcomes assessed. The majority of studies (80%) were conducted in kidney transplant recipients. Two studies examined paediatric solid organ transplant recipients. The risk of bias was generally high or unclear, leading to lower certainty in the results. Initiation of immunosuppression was not measured by the included studies. There is uncertain evidence of an association between immunosuppressant medication adherence interventions and the proportion of participants classified as adherent to taking immunosuppressant medication (4 studies, 445 participants: RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.20; I² = 78%). There was very marked heterogeneity in treatment effects between the four studies evaluating taking adherence, which may have been due to the different types of interventions used. There was evidence of increasing dosing adherence in the intervention group (8 studies, 713 participants: RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.26, I² = 61%). There was very marked heterogeneity in treatment effects between the eight studies evaluating dosing adherence, which may have been due to the different types of interventions used. It was uncertain if an intervention to increase immunosuppressant adherence had an effect on timing adherence or drug holidays. There was limited evidence that an intervention to increase immunosuppressant adherence had an effect on persistence. There was limited evidence that an intervention to increase immunosuppressant adherence had an effect on secondary outcomes. For self-reported adherence, it is uncertain whether an intervention to increase adherence to immunosuppressant medication increases the proportion of participants classified as medically adherent to immunosuppressant therapy (9 studies, 755 participants: RR 1.21, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.49; I² = 74%; very low certainty evidence). Similarly, it is uncertain whether an intervention to increase adherence to immunosuppressant medication increases the mean adherence score on self-reported adherence measures (5 studies, 471 participants: SMD 0.65, 95% CI -0.31 to 1.60; I² = 96%; very low certainty evidence). For immunosuppressant trough concentration levels, it is uncertain whether an intervention to increase adherence to immunosuppressant medication increases the proportion of participants who reach target immunosuppressant trough concentration levels (4 studies, 348 participants: RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.40; I² = 40%; very low certainty evidence). It is uncertain whether an intervention to increase adherence to immunosuppressant medication may reduce hospitalisations (5 studies, 460 participants: RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.44 to 1.02; I² = 64%; low certainty evidence). There were limited, low certainty effects on patient-reported health outcomes such as HRQoL. There was no clear evidence to determine the effect of interventions on secondary outcomes, including acute graft rejection, graft loss and death. No harms from intervention participation were reported. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Interventions to increase taking and dosing adherence to immunosuppressant therapy may be effective; however, our findings suggest that current evidence in support of interventions to increase adherence to immunosuppressant therapy is overall of low methodological quality, attributable to small sample sizes, and heterogeneity identified for the types of interventions. Twenty-four studies are currently ongoing or awaiting assessment (3248 proposed participants); therefore, it is possible that findings may change with the inclusion of these large ongoing studies in future updates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mellon
- Department of Health Psychology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frank Doyle
- Department of Health Psychology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Hickey
- Department of Health Psychology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kenneth D Ward
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Declan G de Freitas
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Aiden McCormick
- Irish Liver Transplant Unit, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oisin O'Connell
- Irish National Lung and Heart Transplant Program, Mater Misericordiae University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter Conlon
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Whittington M, Goggin K, Noel-MacDonnell J, Hathaway D, Remy L, Aholt D, Clark D, Miller C, Ashbaugh C, Wakefield M, Ellis RB, Russell C. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: Personal Systems Approach in Improving Medication Adherence in Adult Kidney Transplant Patients. J Healthc Qual 2022; 44:240-252. [PMID: 35759613 PMCID: PMC9245085 DOI: 10.1097/jhq.0000000000000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Interventions to improve medication nonadherence in transplantation have recently moved from a focus on motivation and intention, to a focus on person-level quality improvement strategies. These strategies link adherence to established daily routines, environmental cues, and supportive people. The objective of this evaluation was to estimate the cost of implementation and the cost-effectiveness of a person-level intervention shown to increase medication adherence. To estimate the intervention costs, a direct measure microcosting approach was used after key informant interviews with project champions and a review of implementation expenditures. Cost-effectiveness was calculated by comparing the incremental implementation costs and healthcare costs associated with nonadherence to the incremental percent adherent, defined as the percent of patients who took greater or equal to 85% of their medication doses, for each pairwise comparison. The intervention was low-resource to implement, costing approximately $520 to implement per patient, and was associated with significant improvements in medication adherence. These implementation costs were more than outweighed by the expected healthcare savings associated with improvements in adherence. This person-level intervention is a low-cost, efficacious intervention associated with significant statistical and clinical improvements in medication adherence in adult kidney transplant recipients.
Collapse
|
5
|
Care Technologies to Improve Treatment Adherence in Patients Undergoing Organ Transplant: A Scoping Review. Transplant Proc 2022; 54:1215-1220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
6
|
Kostalova B, Ribaut J, Dobbels F, Gerull S, Mala-Ladova K, Zullig LL, De Geest S. Medication adherence interventions in transplantation lack information on how to implement findings from randomized controlled trials in real-world settings: A systematic review. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2021; 36:100671. [PMID: 34773910 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2021.100671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing numbers of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are showing the effectiveness of interventions to improve medication adherence in transplantation recipients. However, real-world implementation is still a major challenge. This systematic review assesses the range of information available in RCTs supporting these interventions' clinical adoption in adult transplant populations. METHODS We included RCTs of interventions that a) targeted any phase of medication adherence in solid organ or allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipients and b) were published between January 2015 and November 2020. We excluded study protocols, conference abstracts and studies focusing only on pediatric populations. We identified relevant database and trial registries as well as traced references backward and citations forward. Implementation-relevant information was evaluated using adapted versions of Peters' ten criteria: 1. healthcare/organizational context; 2. social/economic/policy context; 3. patient involvement; 4. other stakeholder involvement; 5. sample representativeness; 6. trial conducted in a real-world-setting; 7. presence of feasibility study; 8. implementation strategy; 9. process evaluation; 10. implementation outcomes, using a stoplight color-rating system. RESULTS Screening 17'004 titles/abstracts resulted in 23 eligible RCTs, including 2'339 patients (n = 19-209/study). All included studies focused on the implementation phase of medication adherence. The best-reported criteria were feasibility study (43%), representative sample (17%) and conducted in a real-world-setting (17%). Least reported were context (9%), implementation strategies (4%), process evaluation (4%). CONCLUSIONS RCTs testing medication adherence interventions tend to report limited implementation-relevant information. This hinders their translation to real-world transplant settings. Integrating implementation science principles early in the conceptualization of RCTs would fuel real-world-translation, reducing research waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Kostalova
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Janette Ribaut
- Institute of Nursing Science, Department of Public Health, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Theragnostic, Hematology, University Hospital of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Fabienne Dobbels
- Institute of Nursing Science, Department of Public Health, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Academic Center for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok d, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sabine Gerull
- Department of Theragnostic, Hematology, University Hospital of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Hematology, Cantonal Hospital of Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland.
| | - Katerina Mala-Ladova
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Leah L Zullig
- Department of Population Health Science, Duke University, 215 Morris St, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT), Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 508 Fulton St, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
| | - Sabina De Geest
- Institute of Nursing Science, Department of Public Health, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Academic Center for Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok d, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lieb M, Weyand M, Seidl M, Erim Y. Prospective single-centre clinical observational study on electronically monitored medication non-adherence, its psychosocial risk factors and lifestyle behaviours after heart transplantation: a study protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038637. [PMID: 33033024 PMCID: PMC7542932 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In heart transplant recipients (HTRs), non-adherence (NA) to immunosuppressive (IS) medication and to recommended lifestyle behaviours are a common phenomenon and associated with higher risk of allograft rejection, organ loss and mortality. Risk factors for NA are highly diverse and still insufficiently researched. Precise measures of NA and an accurate understanding of its aetiology are of undisputable importance to detect patients at risk and intervene accordingly. The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy and concordance of different measures for NA as well as to determine potential risk factors. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a single-centre prospective observational trial. HTRs who are at least aged 18 are no less than 6 months post-transplant and receive tacrolimus (Prograf or Advagraf), cyclosporine (Sandimmun) or everolimus (Certican) as their prescribed IS medication are eligible for participation. We only include patients during the phase of medication implementation. At study enrolment, we assess depression, health-related quality of life, self-efficacy, social support, attachment, experiences and attitudes towards IS medication, emotional responses after transplantation, satisfaction with information about IS medication and perceptions and beliefs about medications. We further ask patients to rate their lifestyle behaviours concerning alcohol, smoking, diet, physical activity, sun protection and appointment keeping via questionnaires. Three different measurement methods for NA are applied at T0: self-reports, physician's estimates and IS trough levels. NA is monitored prospectively using an electronic multicompartment pillbox (MEMS, VAICA) over a 3-month period. Meanwhile, participants receive phone calls every second week to obtain additional self-reports, resulting in a total of seven measurement points. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the Clinical Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Erlangen (Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nürnberg). Written informed consent is attained from all participants. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS00020496.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Lieb
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Weyand
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Margot Seidl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yesim Erim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lieb M, Hepp T, Schiffer M, Opgenoorth M, Erim Y. Accuracy and concordance of measurement methods to assess non-adherence after renal transplantation - a prospective study. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:114. [PMID: 32234021 PMCID: PMC7110822 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-adherence (NA) to immunosuppressants (IS) among renal transplant recipients (RTRs) is associated with higher risk of allograft rejection, graft loss, and mortality. A precise measurement of NA is indispensable, although its prevalence differs greatly depending on the respective measurement methods. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy and concordance of different measurement methods of NA in patients after renal transplantation. Design and methods This was a single-center prospective observational study. At baseline (T0), NA was measured via physicians’ estimates (PE), self-reports (SR), and tacrolimus trough level variability (CV%) in 78 RTRs. A Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, 0–100%) was applied both for SR and PE. In addition, we used BAASIS© for SR and a 5-point Likert scale for PE. NA was measured prospectively via electronic monitoring (EM, VAICA©) during a three month period. Meanwhile, all participants received phone calls in a two week interval (T1-T6) during which SRs were given. Results Seventy-eight RTRs participated in our study. At t0, NA rates of 6.4%, 28.6%, and 15.4% were found for PE, SR, and CV%, respectively. No correlation was found between these methods. During the study, the percentages of self-reported and electronically monitored adherence remained high, with a minimum mean of 91.2% for the strictest adherence measure (Timing Adherence ±30 min). Our results revealed a moderate to high association between SR and EM. In contrast to PE and CV%, SR significantly predicted electronically monitored adherence. Overall, a decreasing effect of electronically monitored adherence was found for both taking and timing adherence (±2 h, ±30 min) over the course of the study. Discussion The moderate to high concordance of SR and EM suggests that both methods measure NA equally accurately. SR seems to be a method that can adequately depict electronically monitored NA and may represent a good and economical instrument to assess NA in clinical practice. The increased adherence at the beginning of the study and its subsequent decrease suggests an intervention effect. Surveillance of IS intake via EM with intermittent phone calls could improve adherence on a short-term basis. To establish long-term effects, further research is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Lieb
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital of Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Tobias Hepp
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mirian Opgenoorth
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yesim Erim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital of Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lieb M, Schiffer M, Erim Y. Optimization of Electronically Monitored Non-Adherence in Highly Adherent Renal Transplant Recipients by Reducing the Dosing Frequency - A Prospective Single-Center Observational Study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2020; 14:1389-1401. [PMID: 32821087 PMCID: PMC7417643 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s258131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-adherence (NA) after renal transplantation poses a major risk for allograft rejection, graft loss, and patient mortality. Yet, there is still ambiguity about its etiology and its possible relationships with patient-related factors. In order to prevent poor outcomes after transplantation, it is crucial to gain a more refined understanding of potential determinants, to identify patients at risk, and to intervene accordingly. The objective of this study was to assess potential risk factors of NA by prospectively applying electronic monitoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a single-center prospective observational study. Prior to study initiation, sociodemographic, biomedical, and psychosocial variables (depression, health-related quality of life, self-efficacy, social support, attachment, experiences and attitudes towards immunosuppressive medication, emotional responses after organ transplantation, satisfaction with information about immunosuppressive medication, and perceptions and beliefs about medications) were assessed. Thereafter, immunosuppressive adherence behavior was measured prospectively via electronic monitoring (EM, VAICA©) during a 3-month period to receive the percentage frequency of Taking and Timing Adherence (±2h, ±30min) for each patient. Focus of this study was the phase of medication implementation. RESULTS A total of 78 patients participated in our study (mean age 55.28, 56% male). We found rates of 99.39% for Taking Adherence, 98.34% for Timing Adherence ±2h, and 93.34% for Timing Adherence ±30min, respectively. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the type of medication could significantly predict Taking Adherence. Patients receiving Advagraf© (once daily) depicted better Taking Adherence than patients receiving Prograf© (twice daily) (p=0.04). No associations were found for Timing Adherence (±2h, ±30min). Sociodemographic, biomedical, or psychosocial variables were not found to be associated with adherence behavior. DISCUSSION In highly adherent populations, only a few factors can be altered to improve adherence. Changing the immunosuppressive regimen from twice-daily to once-daily could be an option for optimizing adherence. However, risk factors for NA could be different in a less adherent population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Lieb
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: Marietta LiebDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen91054, Germany Tel +49-9131-8545930 Email
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yesim Erim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Russell CL, Hathaway D, Remy LM, Aholt D, Clark D, Miller C, Ashbaugh C, Wakefield M, Ye S, Staggs VS, Ellis RJ, Goggin K. Improving medication adherence and outcomes in adult kidney transplant patients using a personal systems approach: SystemCHANGE™ results of the MAGIC randomized clinical trial. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:125-136. [PMID: 31291507 PMCID: PMC7179766 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study determined if a SystemCHANGE™ intervention was more efficacious than attention control in increasing immunosuppressive medication adherence and improving outcomes in adult kidney transplant recipients during a 6-month intervention phase and subsequent 6-month (no intervention) maintenance phase. The SystemCHANGE™ intervention taught patients to use person-level quality improvement strategies to link adherence to established daily routines, environmental cues, and supportive people. Eighty-nine patients (average age 51.8 years, 58% male, 61% African American) completed the 6-month intervention phase. Using an intent-to-treat analysis, at 6 months, medication adherence for SystemCHANGE™ (median 0.91, IQR 0.76-0.96) and attention control (median 0.67, IQR 0.52-0.72) patients differed markedly (difference in medians 0.24, 95% CI 0.13-0.30, P < .001). At the conclusion of the subsequent 6-month maintenance phase, the gap between medication adherence for SystemCHANGE™ (median 0.77, IQR 0.56-0.94) and attention control (median 0.60, IQR 0.44-0.73) patients remained large (difference in medians 0.17, 95% CI 0.06-0.33, P = .004). SystemCHANGE™ patients evidenced lower mean creatinine and BUN at 12 months and more infections at 6 and 12 months. This first fully powered RCT testing SystemCHANGE™ to improve and maintain medication adherence in kidney transplant recipients demonstrated large, clinically meaningful improvements in medication adherence. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02416479.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L. Russell
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Donna Hathaway
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Laura M. Remy
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Dana Aholt
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Debra Clark
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Courtney Miller
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Catherine Ashbaugh
- University of Missouri Renal Transplant Program, University of Missouri Health Care, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Mark Wakefield
- University of Missouri Renal Transplant Program, University of Missouri Health Care, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Sangbeak Ye
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Vincent S. Staggs
- Health Services & Outcomes Research, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Rebecca J. Ellis
- Indiana University School of Nursing, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kathy Goggin
- Health Services & Outcomes Research, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gan Kim Soon P, Lim SK, Rampal S, Su TT. A qualitative examination of barriers and solutions to renal transplantation in Malaysia: Key-informants' perspective. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220411. [PMID: 31404075 PMCID: PMC6690507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is increasing globally, and renal transplantation (RT) is the preferred renal replacement therapy to treat ESRD. Internationally, there are only a few countries with RT rates above 50 per million population (pmp), while most of the countries have RT rates between 30-40 pmp. The low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) makes up the majority for the RT rates below 20 pmp in which Malaysia belongs to despite its increasing ESRD rates. There is a need to explore the barriers to access RT with targeted solutions to improve the RT rates and service in LMIC. Thus, a qualitative study was undertaken in Malaysia to address this issue. METHOD A qualitative methodological approach was performed between March-May 2018. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore current RT policy and service availability. Key-informants were identified from a detailed stakeholder analysis of RT system in Malaysia. Interviews were digitally audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded with ATLAS.ti software and underwent thematic analysis thoroughly. RESULTS Eight key-informants participated in the study. Barriers and related solutions were classified using the socio-ecological model (SEM). As reported, the barriers and solutions of RT in Malaysia are the results of a complex interplay of personal, cultural, and environmental factors. Key barriers are linked to public's attitude and perception towards RT and the unaccommodating practices in the healthcare fraternity for RT. Key-informants provided a systematic solution that shed light on how RT could be improved at each SEM level via effective communication, education and inter-agency collaboration. CONCLUSION The SEM provided a framework to foster a better understanding of current practice, barriers, and solutions to RT in Malaysia. This study is the first to explore the barriers and related solutions to RT comprehensively as a whole. Implications of these findings could prompt a policy change for a better RT service delivery model not just for Malaysia but also for other LMIC. Further stakeholder engagement and evaluation of the systems are required to provide insight into best practices that will help to improve the RT rates and service in Malaysia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gan Kim Soon
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soo Kun Lim
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sanjay Rampal
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tin Tin Su
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stevenson JK, Campbell ZC, Webster AC, Chow CK, Tong A, Craig JC, Campbell KL, Lee VWS. eHealth interventions for people with chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 8:CD012379. [PMID: 31425608 PMCID: PMC6699665 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012379.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with high morbidity and death, which increases as CKD progresses to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). There has been increasing interest in developing innovative, effective and cost-efficient methods to engage with patient populations and improve health behaviours and outcomes. Worldwide there has been a tremendous increase in the use of technologies, with increasing interest in using eHealth interventions to improve patient access to relevant health information, enhance the quality of healthcare and encourage the adoption of healthy behaviours. OBJECTIVES This review aims to evaluate the benefits and harms of using eHealth interventions to change health behaviours in people with CKD. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies up to 14 January 2019 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review. Studies in the Register are identified through searches of CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, conference proceedings, the International Clinical Trials Register (ICTRP) Search Portal and ClinicalTrials.gov. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs using an eHealth intervention to promote behaviour change in people with CKD were included. There were no restrictions on outcomes, language or publication type. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed trial eligibility, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using GRADE. MAIN RESULTS We included 43 studies with 6617 participants that evaluated the impact of an eHealth intervention in people with CKD. Included studies were heterogeneous in terms of eHealth modalities employed, type of intervention, CKD population studied and outcomes assessed. The majority of studies (39 studies) were conducted in an adult population, with 16 studies (37%) conducted in those on dialysis, 11 studies (26%) in the pre-dialysis population, 15 studies (35%) in transplant recipients and 1 studies (2%) in transplant candidates We identified six different eHealth modalities including: Telehealth; mobile or tablet application; text or email messages; electronic monitors; internet/websites; and video or DVD. Three studies used a combination of eHealth interventions. Interventions were categorised into six types: educational; reminder systems; self-monitoring; behavioural counselling; clinical decision-aid; and mixed intervention types. We identified 98 outcomes, which were categorised into nine domains: blood pressure (9 studies); biochemical parameters (6 studies); clinical end-points (16 studies); dietary intake (3 studies); quality of life (9 studies); medication adherence (10 studies); behaviour (7 studies); physical activity (1 study); and cost-effectiveness (7 studies).Only three outcomes could be meta-analysed as there was substantial heterogeneity with respect to study population and eHealth modalities utilised. There was found to be a reduction in interdialytic weight gain of 0.13kg (4 studies, 335 participants: MD -0.13, 95% CI -0.28 to 0.01; I2 = 0%) and a reduction in dietary sodium intake of 197 mg/day (2 studies, 181 participants: MD -197, 95% CI -540.7 to 146.8; I2 = 0%). Both dietary sodium and fluid management outcomes were graded as being of low evidence due to high or unclear risk of bias and indirectness (interdialytic weight gain) and high or unclear risk of bias and imprecision (dietary sodium intake). Three studies reported death (2799 participants, 146 events), with 45 deaths/1000 cases compared to standard care of 61 deaths/1000 cases (RR 0.74, CI 0.53 to 1.03; P = 0.08). We are uncertain whether using eHealth interventions, in addition to usual care, impact on the number of deaths as the certainty of this evidence was graded as low due to high or unclear risk of bias, indirectness and imprecision. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS eHealth interventions may improve the management of dietary sodium intake and fluid management. However, overall these data suggest that current evidence for the use of eHealth interventions in the CKD population is of low quality, with uncertain effects due to methodological limitations and heterogeneity of eHealth modalities and intervention types. Our review has highlighted the need for robust, high quality research that reports a core (minimum) data set to enable meaningful evaluation of the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Stevenson
- The University of SydneyWestmead Clinical SchoolCentre for Kidney ResearchCnr Darcy Rd and Hawksbury RdWestmead, SydneyNSWAustralia2145
| | - Zoe C Campbell
- The University of SydneyDepartment of MedicineSydneyNSWAustralia2006
| | - Angela C Webster
- The University of Sydney at WestmeadCentre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium InstituteWestmeadNSWAustralia2145
- The Children's Hospital at WestmeadCochrane Kidney and Transplant, Centre for Kidney ResearchWestmeadNSWAustralia2145
- The University of SydneySydney School of Public HealthEdward Ford Building A27SydneyNSWAustralia2006
| | - Clara K Chow
- The George Institute for Global HealthCardiovascular DepartmentLevel 10, 83‐117 Missenden RoadCamperdownNSWAustralia2050
| | - Allison Tong
- The Children's Hospital at WestmeadCentre for Kidney ResearchLocked Bag 4001WestmeadNSWAustralia2145
| | - Jonathan C Craig
- The Children's Hospital at WestmeadCochrane Kidney and Transplant, Centre for Kidney ResearchWestmeadNSWAustralia2145
- Flinders UniversityCollege of Medicine and Public HealthAdelaideSAAustralia5001
| | - Katrina L Campbell
- Bond UniversityFaculty of Health Science and Medicine2 Promenthean WayRobinaQueenslandAustralia4226
| | - Vincent WS Lee
- Westmead & Blacktown HospitalsDepartment of Renal MedicineDarcy RdWestmeadNSWAustralia2145
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bartlett Ellis RJ, Hill JH, Kerley KD, Sinha A, Ganci A, Russell CL. The Feasibility of a Using a Smart Button Mobile Health System to Self-Track Medication Adherence and Deliver Tailored Short Message Service Text Message Feedback. JMIR Form Res 2019; 3:e13558. [PMID: 31237568 PMCID: PMC6614996 DOI: 10.2196/13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As many as 50% of people experience medication nonadherence, yet studies for detecting nonadherence and delivering real-time interventions to improve adherence are lacking. Mobile health (mHealth) technologies show promise to track and support medication adherence. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of using an mHealth system for medication adherence tracking and intervention delivery. The mHealth system comprises a smart button device to self-track medication taking, a companion smartphone app, a computer algorithm used to determine adherence and then deliver a standard or tailored SMS (short message service) text message on the basis of timing of medication taking. Standard SMS text messages indicated that the smartphone app registered the button press, whereas tailored SMS text messages encouraged habit formation and systems thinking on the basis of the timing the medications were taken. METHODS A convenience sample of 5 adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD), who were prescribed antihypertensive medication, participated in a 52-day longitudinal study. The study was conducted in 3 phases, with a standard SMS text message sent in phases 1 (study days 1-14) and 3 (study days 46-52) and tailored SMS text messages sent during phase 2 (study days 15-45) in response to participant medication self-tracking. Medication adherence was measured using: (1) the smart button and (2) electronic medication monitoring caps. Concordance between these 2 methods was evaluated using percentage of measurements made on the same day and occurring within ±5 min of one another. Acceptability was evaluated using qualitative feedback from participants. RESULTS A total of 5 patients with CKD, stages 1-4, were enrolled in the study, with the majority being men (60%), white (80%), and Hispanic/Latino (40%) of middle age (52.6 years, SD 22.49; range 20-70). The mHealth system was successfully initiated in the clinic setting for all enrolled participants. Of the expected 260 data points, 36.5% (n=95) were recorded with the smart button and 76.2% (n=198) with electronic monitoring. Concordant events (n=94), in which events were recorded with both the smart button and electronic monitoring, occurred 47% of the time and 58% of these events occurred within ±5 min of one another. Participant comments suggested SMS text messages were encouraging. CONCLUSIONS It was feasible to recruit participants in the clinic setting for an mHealth study, and our system was successfully initiated for all enrolled participants. The smart button is an innovative way to self-report adherence data, including date and timing of medication taking, which were not previously available from measures that rely on recall of adherence. Although the selected smart button had poor concordance with electronic monitoring caps, participants were willing to use it to self-track medication adherence, and they found the mHealth system acceptable to use in most cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Bartlett Ellis
- Science of Nursing Care Department, Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - James H Hill
- Department of Computer & Information Science, Purdue School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Center for Software and Innovation, Purdue School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - K Denise Kerley
- Science of Nursing Care Department, Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Arjun Sinha
- Richard L Roudebush VA Medical Center, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Aaron Ganci
- Visual Communication Design, Herron School of Art and Design, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Cynthia L Russell
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Randomized Controlled Trial of the SystemCHANGE Intervention on Behaviors Related to Cardiovascular Risk in HIV+ Adults. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2019; 78:23-33. [PMID: 29373392 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of a lifestyle behavior intervention (SystemCHANGE) on physical activity and diet quality among sedentary people living with HIV (PLHIV). All participants expressed a desire to improve lifestyle health behaviors. METHODS One hundred and seven HIV+ adults were randomized to either the intervention (6, in-person, standardized group sessions focusing on improving lifestyle behaviors) or a control condition (general advice on AHA diet and exercise guidelines). All participants wore an ActiGraph accelerometer and completed 24-hour dietary recalls at baseline, 3, and 6 months. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine intervention effects. The primary activity outcome was time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and the primary dietary outcome was Healthy Eating Index. RESULTS Mean age was 53 years, 65% were male, and 86% African American. Approximately 90% attended at least half of the sessions and 60% attended 5 or more sessions. The intervention did not significantly improve our primary lifestyle behavior endpoints (P ≥ 0.05); however, intervention participants consumed fewer carbohydrates-primarily sugar-sweetened beverages-per day and lost 0.732 kg body weight compared with a 0.153 weight gain in the control group (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Among sedentary PLHIV at high risk of cardiovascular disease, the SystemCHANGE intervention reduced daily carbohydrate intake and body weight, but did not increase physical activity or improve overall diet quality. Future work should identify fundamental personal, interpersonal, and contextual factors that will increase physical activity and improve overall diet quality among this population, and integrate these factors into tailored, lifestyle interventions for aging PLHIV.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wekerle T, Segev D, Lechler R, Oberbauer R. Strategies for long-term preservation of kidney graft function. Lancet 2017; 389:2152-2162. [PMID: 28561006 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation has become a routine procedure in the treatment of patients with kidney failure, and requires collaboration of experts from different disciplines, such as nephrology, surgery, immunology, pathology, infectious disease medicine, cardiology, and oncology. Grafts can be obtained from deceased or living donors, with different logistical requirements and implications for long-term graft patency. 1-year graft survival rates are greater than 95% in many centres but improvement of long-term function remains a challenge. New developments in molecular immunology and computational biology have increased precision of donor and recipient matching of HLA and non-HLA compatibility. Individual omics-wide molecular diagnostics, extracorporeal therapies, and drug developments allow for precise individual decision making and treatment. Tolerance induction by mixed chimerism without toxic conditioning and with a low risk of graft versus host disease is a visionary but realistic goal. Some of these innovations are already used in modern transplant centres and will allow advancement in long-term allograft preservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wekerle
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dorry Segev
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert Lechler
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rainer Oberbauer
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Heemann U, Viklicky O. Is trough level variability the new tool for identifying patients at risk for rejection after transplantation? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017; 32:214-215. [PMID: 28186537 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Heemann
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ondrej Viklicky
- Department of Nephrology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Maier M, Takano T, Sapir-Pichhadze R. Changing Paradigms in the Management of Rejection in Kidney Transplantation: Evolving From Protocol-Based Care to the Era of P4 Medicine. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2017; 4:2054358116688227. [PMID: 28270929 PMCID: PMC5308536 DOI: 10.1177/2054358116688227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW P4 medicine denotes an evolving field of medicine encompassing predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory medicine. Using the example of kidney allograft rejection because of donor-recipient incompatibility in human leukocyte antigens, this review outlines P4 medicine's relevance to the various stages of the kidney transplant cycle. SOURCES OF INFORMATION A search for English articles was conducted in Medline via OvidSP (up to August 18, 2016) using a combination of subject headings (MeSH) and free text in titles, abstracts, and author keywords for the concepts kidney transplantation and P4 medicine. The electronic database search was expanded further on particular subject headings. FINDINGS Available histocompatibility methods exemplify current applications of the predictive and preventive domains of P4 medicine in kidney transplant recipients' care. Pharmacogenomics are discussed as means to facilitate personalized immunosuppression regimens and promotion of active patient participation as a means to improve adherence. LIMITATIONS For simplicity, this review focuses on rejection. P4 medicine, however, should more broadly address health concerns in kidney transplant recipients, including competing outcomes such as infections, malignancies, and cardiovascular disease. This review highlights how biomarkers to evaluate these competing outcomes warrant validation and standardization prior to their incorporation into clinical practice. IMPLICATIONS Consideration of all 4 domains of the P4 medicine framework when caring for and/or studying kidney transplant recipients has the potential of increasing therapeutic efficiency, minimizing adverse effects, decreasing health care costs, and maximizing wellness. Technologies to gauge immune competency, immunosuppression requirements, and early/reversible immune-mediated injuries are required to optimize kidney transplant care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Maier
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tomoko Takano
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ruth Sapir-Pichhadze
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Metabolic Disorders and Complications, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|