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Li X, Lindholm B. The role of irisin in kidney diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 554:117756. [PMID: 38218331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Irisin is a hormone that is produced mainly by skeletal muscles in response to exercise. It has been found to have a close correlation with obesity and diabetes mellitus for its energy expenditure and metabolic properties. Recent research has revealed that irisin also possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties, which make it associated with major chronic diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), liver diseases, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis and Alzheimer s disease. The identification of irisin has not only opened up new possibilities for monitoring metabolic and non-metabolic diseases but also presents a promising therapeutic target due to its multiple biological functions. Studies have shown that circulating irisin levels are lower in CKD patients than in non-CKD patients and decrease with increasing CKD stage. Furthermore, irisin also plays a role in many CKD-related complications like protein energy wasting (PEW), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). In this review, we present the current knowledge on the role of irisin in kidney diseases and their complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiejia Li
- Department of Nephrology, The 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Garoufi A, Koumparelou A, Askiti V, Lykoudis P, Mitsioni A, Drapanioti S, Servos G, Papadaki M, Gourgiotis D, Marmarinos A. Plasma Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Transplant Recipients: A Single Center Study. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9060916. [PMID: 35740855 PMCID: PMC9222167 DOI: 10.3390/children9060916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, as well as kidney transplant patients, are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. BNP measurement, as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk, has been recommended to this high-risk population. Plasma BNP levels were measured in 56 CKD children in either pre-dialysis stage, hemodialysis (HD) or renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and in 76 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. BNP levels were investigated in HD children, before and after the completion of their HD session. BNP levels in total CKD population, in pre-dialysis stage patients and on HD were significantly higher, compared to the respective controls. HD children had higher BNP levels compared to CKD patients in the pre-dialysis stage. Moreover, post-HD BNP concentration was slightly higher than pre-HD, with the difference being marginally statistically significant. BNP was positively correlated with eGFR, creatinine, cystatin-C and parathormone and negatively with albumin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. A positive correlation between BNP concentration and the ratio of E/A in pulse-wave Doppler echocardiography was also observed. In conclusion, CKD pediatric patients, mainly those undergoing HD, have high plasma BNP levels which do not decrease after the HD session. This is indicative of a greater risk for future cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Garoufi
- Lipid Outpatient Unit, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, Thivon & Levadias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.G.); (S.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Aikaterini Koumparelou
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Varvara Askiti
- Department of Nephrology, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (V.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Panagis Lykoudis
- Honorary Lectures Division of Surgery of International Science, University of College London (UCL), Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Andromachi Mitsioni
- Department of Nephrology, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (V.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Styliani Drapanioti
- Lipid Outpatient Unit, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, Thivon & Levadias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.G.); (S.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Georgios Servos
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Papadaki
- Lipid Outpatient Unit, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, Thivon & Levadias Str., 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.G.); (S.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Dimitrios Gourgiotis
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry—Molecular Diagnostic, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, NKUA, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, 24 Mesogeion Avn, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Antonios Marmarinos
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry—Molecular Diagnostic, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, NKUA, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, 24 Mesogeion Avn, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence:
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Eyre HJ, Speight T, Glazier JD, Smith DM, Ashton N. Urotensin II in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease following ⅚ nephrectomy in the rat. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:421-433. [PMID: 30575177 PMCID: PMC6492238 DOI: 10.1113/ep087366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Urotensin II is upregulated in patients in the later stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly in individuals requiring dialysis. Could treatment with a urotensin II receptor antagonist slow progression of renal disease? What is the main finding and its importance? In the rat, expression of urotensin II and its receptor increased, extending into cortical structures as CKD progressed towards end-stage renal failure. Subchronic treatment with a urotensin receptor antagonist slowed but did not prevent progression of CKD. This suggests that urotensin II contributes to the decline in renal function in CKD. ABSTRACT Elevated serum and urine urotensin II (UII) concentrations have been reported in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). Similar increases in UII and its receptor, UT, have been reported in animal models of CKD, but only at much earlier stages of renal dysfunction. The aim of this study was to characterize urotensin system expression as renal disease progresses to end-stage failure in a ⅚ subtotal nephrectomy (SNx) rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent SNx or sham surgery and were killed at 8 weeks postsurgery [early (E)] or immediately before end-stage renal failure [30 ± 3 weeks postsurgery; late (L)]. Systolic blood pressure, urinary albumin:creatinine ratio and glomerulosclerosis index were all increased in SNx-E rats compared with sham-E by 8 weeks postsurgery. These changes were associated with an increase in renal immunoreactive UII staining but little change in UT expression. As CKD progressed to end-stage disease in the SNx-L group, markers of renal function deteriorated further, in association with a marked increase in immunoreactive UII and UT staining. Subchronic administration of a UT antagonist, SB-611812, at 30 mg kg-1 day-1 for 13 weeks, in a separate group of SNx rats resulted in a 2 week delay in the increase in both systolic blood pressure and urinary albumin:creatinine ratio observed in vehicle-treated SNx but did not prevent the progression of renal dysfunction. The urotensin system is upregulated as renal function deteriorates in the rat; UT antagonism can slow but not prevent disease progression, suggesting that UII plays a role in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Eyre
- Divison of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas Speight
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Jocelyn D Glazier
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - David M Smith
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines & Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick Ashton
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Sun SL, Liu LM. Urotensin II: an inflammatory cytokine. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:JOE-18-0505.R2. [PMID: 30601760 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Urotensin II (UII) is a polypeptide molecule with neurohormone-like activity. It has been confirmed that UII is widely distributed in numerous organs of different animal species from fish to mammals, including humans. The UII receptor is orphan G-protein coupled receptor 14, also known as UT. The tissue distribution of UII and UT is highly consistent, and their expression may be regulated by autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. In the body, UII has many physiological and pathophysiological activities, such as vasoconstrictor and vasodilatory actions, cell proliferation, pro-fibrosis, neuroendocrine activity, insulin resistance, and carcinogenic and inflammatory effects, which have been recognized only in recent years. In fact, UII is involved in the process of inflammatory injury and plays a key role in the onset and development of inflammatory diseases. In this paper, we will review the roles UII plays in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui-Lin Sun
- S Sun, Department of Infection, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China, Nanchang, China
| | - Liang-Ming Liu
- L Liu, Department of Infection, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 201600, China
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Biomarkers in Cardiorenal Syndromes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9617363. [PMID: 29693019 PMCID: PMC5859843 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9617363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a consensus that cardiorenal syndromes (CRS) are defined as the disorders of heart and kidney where acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or chronic dysfunction in another. Patients with CRS have increased hospitalization and mortality rates, and thus their identification is of great implication. Biomarkers are not only predictive in heart failure or renal diseases, but also useful in identifying cardiac dysfunction in renal diseases and renal injury in heart failure. Thus, they may be applied in order to identify patients with CRS and even assess prognosis and guide therapy in these patients. However, studies on biomarkers have just begun in CRS. Future studies are essential to observe current biomarkers and find novel biomarkers in CRS so as to improve diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of CRS.
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