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Lasorsa F, Rutigliano M, Milella M, d’Amati A, Crocetto F, Pandolfo SD, Barone B, Ferro M, Spilotros M, Battaglia M, Ditonno P, Lucarelli G. Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Kidney Transplantation: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4332. [PMID: 38673917 PMCID: PMC11050495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation offers a longer life expectancy and a better quality of life than dialysis to patients with end-stage kidney disease. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is thought to be a cornerstone in delayed or reduced graft function and increases the risk of rejection by triggering the immunogenicity of the organ. IRI is an unavoidable event that happens when the blood supply is temporarily reduced and then restored to an organ. IRI is the result of several biological pathways, such as transcriptional reprogramming, apoptosis and necrosis, innate and adaptive immune responses, and endothelial dysfunction. Tubular cells mostly depend on fatty acid (FA) β-oxidation for energy production since more ATP molecules are yielded per substrate molecule than glucose oxidation. Upon ischemia-reperfusion damage, the innate and adaptive immune system activates to achieve tissue clearance and repair. Several cells, cytokines, enzymes, receptors, and ligands are known to take part in these events. The complement cascade might start even before organ procurement in deceased donors. However, additional experimental and clinical data are required to better understand the pathogenic events that take place during this complex process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lasorsa
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Rutigliano
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Martina Milella
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio d’Amati
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-Pathology Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Science of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Savio Domenico Pandolfo
- Department of Neurosciences, Science of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Urology, University of L’Aquila, 67010 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Biagio Barone
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, AORN Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 71013 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Spilotros
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Battaglia
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ditonno
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucarelli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area-Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
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2
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Granata S, La Russa D, Stallone G, Perri A, Zaza G. Inflammasome pathway in kidney transplantation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1303110. [PMID: 38020086 PMCID: PMC10663322 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1303110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the best available renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage kidney disease and is associated with better quality of life and patient survival compared with dialysis. However, despite the significant technical and pharmaceutical advances in this field, kidney transplant recipients are still characterized by reduced long-term graft survival. In fact, almost half of the patients lose their allograft after 15-20 years. Most of the conditions leading to graft loss are triggered by the activation of a large immune-inflammatory machinery. In this context, several inflammatory markers have been identified, and the deregulation of the inflammasome (NLRP3, NLRP1, NLRC4, AIM2), a multiprotein complex activated by either whole pathogens (including fungi, bacteria, and viruses) or host-derived molecules, seems to play a pivotal pathogenetic role. However, the biological mechanisms leading to inflammasome activation in patients developing post-transplant complications (including, ischemia-reperfusion injury, rejections, infections) are still largely unrecognized, and only a few research reports, reviewed in this manuscript, have addressed the association between abnormal activation of this pathway and the onset/development of major clinical effects. Finally, the regulation of the inflammasome machinery could represent in future a valuable therapeutic target in kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Granata
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Daniele La Russa
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Perri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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3
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Nørgård MØ, Svenningsen P. Acute Kidney Injury by Ischemia/Reperfusion and Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15312. [PMID: 37894994 PMCID: PMC10607034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is often caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). IRI significantly affects kidney metabolism, which elicits pro-inflammatory responses and kidney injury. The ischemia/reperfusion of the kidney is associated with transient high mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) production rates. Excessive mitochondrial-derived ROS damages cellular components and, together with other pathogenic mechanisms, elicits a range of acute injury mechanisms that impair kidney function. Mitochondrial-derived ROS production also stimulates epithelial cell secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing RNAs, lipids, and proteins, suggesting that EVs are involved in AKI pathogenesis. This literature review focuses on how EV secretion is stimulated during ischemia/reperfusion and how cell-specific EVs and their molecular cargo may modify the IRI process. Moreover, critical pitfalls in the analysis of kidney epithelial-derived EVs are described. In particular, we will focus on how the release of kidney epithelial EVs is affected during tissue analyses and how this may confound data on cell-to-cell signaling. By increasing awareness of methodological pitfalls in renal EV research, the risk of false negatives can be mitigated. This will improve future EV data interpretation regarding EVs contribution to AKI pathogenesis and their potential as biomarkers or treatments for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Per Svenningsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark;
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4
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Morel JD, Sleiman MB, Li TY, von Alvensleben G, Bachmann AM, Hofer D, Broeckx E, Ma JY, Carreira V, Chen T, Azhar N, Gonzalez-Villalobos RA, Breyer M, Reilly D, Mullican S, Auwerx J. Mitochondrial and NAD+ metabolism predict recovery from acute kidney injury in a diverse mouse population. JCI Insight 2023; 8:164626. [PMID: 36752209 PMCID: PMC9977436 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney failure and chronic kidney disease are global health issues steadily rising in incidence and prevalence. Animal models on a single genetic background have so far failed to recapitulate the clinical presentation of human nephropathies. Here, we used a simple model of folic acid-induced kidney injury in 7 highly diverse mouse strains. We measured plasma and urine parameters, as well as renal histopathology and mRNA expression data, at 1, 2, and 6 weeks after injury, covering the early recovery and long-term remission. We observed an extensive strain-specific response ranging from complete resistance of the CAST/EiJ to high sensitivity of the C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, and PWK/PhJ strains. In susceptible strains, the severe early kidney injury was accompanied by the induction of mitochondrial stress response (MSR) genes and the attenuation of NAD+ synthesis pathways. This is associated with delayed healing and a prolonged inflammatory and adaptive immune response 6 weeks after insult, heralding a transition to chronic kidney disease. Through a thorough comparison of the transcriptomic response in mouse and human disease, we show that critical metabolic gene alterations were shared across species, and we highlight the PWK/PhJ strain as an emergent model of transition from acute kidney injury to chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-David Morel
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maroun Bou Sleiman
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Terytty Yang Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo von Alvensleben
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexis M. Bachmann
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dina Hofer
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ellen Broeckx
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jing Ying Ma
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Tao Chen
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nabil Azhar
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Matthew Breyer
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dermot Reilly
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Protective effect of Eprosartan against ischemic acute renal injury: Acting on NF-κB, caspase 3, and Sirtuin 1. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109690. [PMID: 36640709 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Kidney ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) occurring frequently under major surgeries and sepsis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Eprosartan, an angiotensin II receptor type-1 (AT-1) antagonist, on the kidney I/R rat model. Male Wistar rats (n = 24) were allocated into (i) Sham, (ii) Eprosartan, (iii) I/R, and (iv) Eprosartan + I/R groups. Animals in the last group received a single dose of Eprosartan (60 mg/kg) 1 h before kidney I/R. Renal oxidant/antioxidant, inflammatory (NF-κB p65, COX-2, IL-6, TNF-α), and apoptotic (caspase-3, Bax, Bcl2) factors along with Sirtuin 1, Klotho, and mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α, and Sirtuin 3) factors were evaluated by Western blotting. Significant recovery of kidney function and increased levels of antioxidant markers were observed in the Eprosartan + I/R group. The Eprosartan anti-inflammatory activity was demonstrated by significant downregulation of NF-κB and its downstream pro-inflammatory factors. Eprosartan pretreatment could also abolish I/R-induced alterations in the apoptotic parameters. Moreover, Eprosartan + I/R rats significantly presented higher levels of Sirtuin 1 content. In conclusion, Eprosartan exhibited nephroprotective effects against kidney damage induced by I/R in rats by decreasing oxidative stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways along with increasing Sirtuin1 level.
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Li H, Dixon EE, Wu H, Humphreys BD. Comprehensive single-cell transcriptional profiling defines shared and unique epithelial injury responses during kidney fibrosis. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1977-1998.e9. [PMID: 36265491 PMCID: PMC9742301 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The underlying cellular events driving kidney fibrogenesis and metabolic dysfunction are incompletely understood. Here, we employed single-cell combinatorial indexing RNA sequencing to analyze 24 mouse kidneys from two fibrosis models. We profiled 309,666 cells in one experiment, representing 50 cell types/states encompassing epithelial, endothelial, immune, and stromal populations. Single-cell analysis identified diverse injury states of the proximal tubule, including two distinct early-phase populations with dysregulated lipid and amino acid metabolism, respectively. Lipid metabolism was defective in the chronic phase but was transiently activated in the very early stages of ischemia-induced injury, where we discovered increased lipid deposition and increased fatty acid β-oxidation. Perilipin 2 was identified as a surface marker of intracellular lipid droplets, and its knockdown in vitro disrupted cell energy state maintenance during lipid accumulation. Surveying epithelial cells across nephron segments identified shared and unique injury responses. Stromal cells exhibited high heterogeneity and contributed to fibrogenesis by epithelial-stromal crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikuo Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eryn E Dixon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Haojia Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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7
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Zhang L, Sang X, Han Y, Abulitibu A, Elken M, Mao Z, Kang S, Yang W, Lu C. The expression of apoptosis related genes in HK-2 cells overexpressing PPM1K was determined by RNA-seq analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:1004610. [PMID: 36386814 PMCID: PMC9663473 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1004610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious disease that endangers human health. It is reported that inhibiting renal cell apoptosis can delay the progress of CKD. Our previous study found that the mice with protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1K (PPM1K) gene deletion had obvious symptoms of glomerular vascular and interstitial vascular dilatation, congestion and hemorrhage, glomerular hemorrhage and necrosis, interstitial fibrous tissue proliferation, decreased urinary creatinine clearance, and increased urinary protein level. In addition, studies have found that PPM1K is essential for cell survival, apoptosis and metabolism. However, no study has confirmed that PPM1K can inhibit renal cell apoptosis. In this study, PPM1K was overexpressed in human kidney-2 cells (HK-2), and the biological process of differentially expressed genes and its effect on apoptosis were comprehensively screened by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Through sequencing analysis, we found that there were 796 differentially expressed genes in human renal tubular epithelial cells transfected with PPM1K gene, of which 553 were down-regulated and 243 were up-regulated. Enrichment analysis found that differentially expressed genes may play an important role in amino acid metabolism and biosynthesis. In the GO analysis functional pathway list, we also found that multiple genes can be enriched in apoptosis related pathways, such as G0S2, GADD45A, TRIB3, VEGFA, NUPR1 and other up-regulated genes, and IL-6, MAGED1, CCL2, TP53INP1 and other down-regulated genes. Then we verified these differentially expressed genes by RT-PCR, and found that only the RT-PCR results of G0S2, VEGFA and NUPR1 were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. We believe that G0S2, VEGFA, NUPR1 and other genes may participate in the apoptosis process of HK-2 cells induced by PPM1K.In conclusion, these findings provide some data support for the study of HK-2 cell apoptosis mechanism, and also provide a scientific theoretical basis for further study of the effect of PPM1K on kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Nephrology Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Clinical Research Center of Renal Replacement Therapy, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Blood Purification Medical Quality Control Center, Urumqi, China,Institute of Nephrology of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaohong Sang
- Nephrology Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Clinical Research Center of Renal Replacement Therapy, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Blood Purification Medical Quality Control Center, Urumqi, China,Institute of Nephrology of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Nephrology Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Clinical Research Center of Renal Replacement Therapy, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Blood Purification Medical Quality Control Center, Urumqi, China,Institute of Nephrology of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
| | - Alpati Abulitibu
- Nephrology Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Clinical Research Center of Renal Replacement Therapy, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Blood Purification Medical Quality Control Center, Urumqi, China,Institute of Nephrology of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
| | - Mufunayi Elken
- Nephrology Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Clinical Research Center of Renal Replacement Therapy, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Blood Purification Medical Quality Control Center, Urumqi, China,Institute of Nephrology of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhijie Mao
- Nephrology Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Clinical Research Center of Renal Replacement Therapy, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Blood Purification Medical Quality Control Center, Urumqi, China,Institute of Nephrology of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
| | - Shaotao Kang
- Nephrology Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Clinical Research Center of Renal Replacement Therapy, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Blood Purification Medical Quality Control Center, Urumqi, China,Institute of Nephrology of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Nephrology Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Clinical Research Center of Renal Replacement Therapy, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Blood Purification Medical Quality Control Center, Urumqi, China,Institute of Nephrology of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China,*Correspondence: Wenjun Yang, ; Chen Lu,
| | - Chen Lu
- Nephrology Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Clinical Research Center of Renal Replacement Therapy, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Blood Purification Medical Quality Control Center, Urumqi, China,Institute of Nephrology of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China,*Correspondence: Wenjun Yang, ; Chen Lu,
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Bajpai D, Muthukumar T. Post-Transplant Hypotension in Kidney Recipients-Vasopressin to the Rescue? Kidney Int Rep 2022; 7:1161-1164. [PMID: 35694559 PMCID: PMC9174034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bajpai
- Department of Nephrology, Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College and King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Thangamani Muthukumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Abbas W, Altemimi M, Qassam H, Hameed AA, Zigam Q, Abbas L, Jabir M, Hadi N. Fimasartan ameliorates renal ischemia reperfusion injury via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory and apoptotic cascades in a rat model. J Med Life 2022; 15:241-251. [PMID: 35419091 PMCID: PMC8999095 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) can be defined as changes in the functions and structures of the tissues resulting from the restoration of blood after a period of ischemia. This study aimed to assess the potential protective effect of Fimasartan (angiotensin receptor antagonist) in the bilateral renal IRI in male rats through its potential effect on renal functions, modulation of the inflammatory cascade, oxidative stress, and apoptotic effect. The animals were equally assigned into four groups. The sham (negative control) group was exposed to surgical conditions without induction of IRI. The control group was exposed to ischemia by occluding the renal pedicles by clamps for 30 min, followed by restoration of blood for 2h. The vehicle-treated group received dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by intraperitoneal injection (IP) 30 minutes before clamping. Fimasartan-treated group: rats pretreated with Fimasartan a dose of 3 mg/kg IP; this was half hour before occluding the renal pedicles. Animals were then exposed to 30 min ischemia (clamping the renal pedicles) followed by 2h reperfusion by releasing the clamps. Blood samples were collected to examine the levels of serum urea and creatinine. Renal tissue was used to measure the levels of cytokines (TNFα, IL-6) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the levels of Bax, caspase 3, and Bcl-2. Histopathological analyses were performed to detect the parenchymal injury. The present study shows that pretreatment with Fimasartan improves kidney function through its effects on oxidative stress, cytokines, and apoptotic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weaam Abbas
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Murooj Altemimi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Heider Qassam
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Abdul Hameed
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Jabir Ibn Hayyan Medical University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Qassim Zigam
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Lamaan Abbas
- Al-Sadr Medical City, Al-Najaf Health Directorate, Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf, Iraq
| | - Majid Jabir
- Department of Applied Science, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Najah Hadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq,Corresponding Author: Najah Hadi, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq. E-mail: ;
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10
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Aranda-Rivera AK, Srivastava A, Cruz-Gregorio A, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Mulay SR, Scholze A. Involvement of Inflammasome Components in Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020246. [PMID: 35204131 PMCID: PMC8868482 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes with an important role in the innate immune response. Canonical activation of inflammasomes results in caspase-1 activation and maturation of cytokines interleukin-1β and -18. These cytokines can elicit their effects through receptor activation, both locally within a certain tissue and systemically. Animal models of kidney diseases have shown inflammasome involvement in inflammation, pyroptosis and fibrosis. In particular, the inflammasome component nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and related canonical mechanisms have been investigated. However, it has become increasingly clear that other inflammasome components are also of importance in kidney disease. Moreover, it is becoming obvious that the range of molecular interaction partners of inflammasome components in kidney diseases is wide. This review provides insights into these current areas of research, with special emphasis on the interaction of inflammasome components and redox signalling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial function. We present our findings separately for acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. As we strictly divided the results into preclinical and clinical data, this review enables comparison of results from those complementary research specialities. However, it also reveals that knowledge gaps exist, especially in clinical acute kidney injury inflammasome research. Furthermore, patient comorbidities and treatments seem important drivers of inflammasome component alterations in human kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera
- Laboratory F-315, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.K.A.-R.); (A.C.-G.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Anjali Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; (A.S.); (S.R.M.)
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Gregorio
- Laboratory F-315, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.K.A.-R.); (A.C.-G.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Laboratory F-315, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.K.A.-R.); (A.C.-G.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Shrikant R. Mulay
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; (A.S.); (S.R.M.)
| | - Alexandra Scholze
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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Li Y, Hepokoski M, Gu W, Simonson T, Singh P. Targeting Mitochondria and Metabolism in Acute Kidney Injury. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3991. [PMID: 34501442 PMCID: PMC8432487 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. AKI is also an independent risk factor for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease. Effective therapeutic strategies for AKI are limited, but emerging evidence indicates a prominent role of mitochondrial dysfunction and altered tubular metabolism in the pathogenesis of AKI. Therefore, a comprehensive, mechanistic understanding of mitochondrial function and renal metabolism in AKI may lead to the development of novel therapies in AKI. In this review, we provide an overview of current state of research on the role of mitochondria and tubular metabolism in AKI from both pre-clinical and clinical studies. We also highlight current therapeutic strategies which target mitochondrial function and metabolic pathways for the treatment of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA;
| | - Mark Hepokoski
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA;
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (W.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Wanjun Gu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (W.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Tatum Simonson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (W.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Prabhleen Singh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA;
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12
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Jankowski J, Lee HK, Wilflingseder J, Hennighausen L. JAK inhibitors dampen activation of interferon-activated transcriptomes and the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in human renal proximal tubules. iScience 2021; 24:102928. [PMID: 34345808 PMCID: PMC8321697 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infections initiate cytokine storms and activate genetic programs leading to progressive hyperinflammation in multiple organs of patients with COVID-19. While it is known that COVID-19 impacts kidney function, leading to increased mortality, cytokine response of renal epithelium has not been studied in detail. Here, we report on the genetic programs activated in human primary proximal tubule (HPPT) cells by interferons and their suppression by ruxolitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor used in COVID-19 treatment. Integration of our data with those from patients with acute kidney injury and COVID-19, as well as other tissues, permitted the identification of kidney-specific interferon responses. Additionally, we investigated the regulation of the recently discovered isoform (dACE2) of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the SARS-CoV-2 receptor. Using ChIP-seq, we identified candidate interferon-activated enhancers controlling the ACE2 locus, including the intronic dACE2 promoter. Taken together, our study provides an in-depth understanding of genetic programs activated in kidney cells. We provide transcriptomic and epigenetic data sets for human renal proximal tubules Cytokine stimulation induces distinct genetic pathways in the kidney Short isoform of ACE2, dACE2, is expressed in renal proximal tubules Type I interferons increase dACE2, but not full ACE2 expression
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Jankowski
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, Building 8, Room 101, 8 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hye Kyung Lee
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, Building 8, Room 101, 8 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julia Wilflingseder
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lothar Hennighausen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, Building 8, Room 101, 8 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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13
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Transcriptomic Hallmarks of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071838. [PMID: 34360008 PMCID: PMC8305649 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is associated with a broad array of life-threatening medical conditions including myocardial infarct, cerebral stroke, and organ transplant. Although the pathobiology and clinical manifestations of IRI are well reviewed by previous publications, IRI-related transcriptomic alterations are less studied. This study aimed to reveal a transcriptomic hallmark for IRI by using the RNA-sequencing data provided by several studies on non-human preclinical experimental models. In this regard, we focused on the transcriptional responses of IRI in an acute time-point up to 48 h. We compiled a list of highly reported genes in the current literature that are affected in the context of IRI. We conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses and found many of the up-regulated genes to be involved in cell survival, cell surface signaling, response to oxidative stress, and inflammatory response, while down-regulated genes were predominantly involved in ion transport. Furthermore, by GO analysis, we found that multiple inflammatory and stress response processes were affected after IRI. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathways were also highlighted in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. In the last section, we discuss the treatment approaches and their efficacy for IRI by comparing RNA sequencing data from therapeutic interventions with the results of our cross-comparison of differentially expressed genes and pathways across IRI.
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14
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Róka B, Tod P, Kaucsár T, Bukosza ÉN, Vörös I, Varga ZV, Petrovich B, Ágg B, Ferdinandy P, Szénási G, Hamar P. Delayed Contralateral Nephrectomy Halted Post-Ischemic Renal Fibrosis Progression and Inhibited the Ischemia-Induced Fibromir Upregulation in Mice. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070815. [PMID: 34356879 PMCID: PMC8301422 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Ischemia reperfusion (IR) is the leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) and results in predisposition to chronic kidney disease. We demonstrated that delayed contralateral nephrectomy (Nx) greatly improved the function of the IR-injured kidney and decelerated fibrosis progression. Our aim was to identify microRNAs (miRNA/miR) involved in this process. (2) Methods: NMRI mice were subjected to 30 min of renal IR and one week later to Nx/sham surgery. The experiments were conducted for 7-28 days after IR. On day 8, multiplex renal miRNA profiling was performed. Expression of nine miRNAs was determined with qPCR at all time points. Based on the target prediction, plexin-A2 and Cd2AP were measured by Western blot. (3) Results: On day 8 after IR, the expression of 20/1195 miRNAs doubled, and 9/13 selected miRNAs were upregulated at all time points. Nx reduced the expression of several ischemia-induced pro-fibrotic miRNAs (fibromirs), such as miR-142a-duplex, miR-146a-5p, miR-199a-duplex, miR-214-3p and miR-223-3p, in the injured kidneys at various time points. Plexin-A2 was upregulated by IR on day 10, while Cd2AP was unchanged. (4) Conclusion: Nx delayed fibrosis progression and decreased the expression of ischemia-induced fibromirs. The protein expression of plexin-A2 and Cd2AP is mainly regulated by factors other than miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Róka
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (B.R.); (P.T.); (T.K.); (É.N.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Pál Tod
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (B.R.); (P.T.); (T.K.); (É.N.B.); (G.S.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kaucsár
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (B.R.); (P.T.); (T.K.); (É.N.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Éva Nóra Bukosza
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (B.R.); (P.T.); (T.K.); (É.N.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Imre Vörös
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (I.V.); (Z.V.V.); (B.P.); (B.Á.); (P.F.)
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V. Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (I.V.); (Z.V.V.); (B.P.); (B.Á.); (P.F.)
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Petrovich
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (I.V.); (Z.V.V.); (B.P.); (B.Á.); (P.F.)
| | - Bence Ágg
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (I.V.); (Z.V.V.); (B.P.); (B.Á.); (P.F.)
- Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (I.V.); (Z.V.V.); (B.P.); (B.Á.); (P.F.)
- Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szénási
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (B.R.); (P.T.); (T.K.); (É.N.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Péter Hamar
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (B.R.); (P.T.); (T.K.); (É.N.B.); (G.S.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-20-825-9751
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15
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Shi Y, Chen G, Teng J. Network-Based Expression Analyses and Experimental Verifications Reveal the Involvement of STUB1 in Acute Kidney Injury. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:655361. [PMID: 34262937 PMCID: PMC8273177 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.655361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe and frequently observed condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. The molecular mechanisms underlying AKI have not been elucidated due to the complexity of the pathophysiological processes. Thus, we investigated the key biological molecules contributing to AKI based on the transcriptome profile. We analyzed the RNA sequencing data from 39 native human renal biopsy samples and 9 reference nephrectomies from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that various GO terms were dysregulated in AKI. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) highlighted dysregulated pathways, including "DNA replication," "chemokine signaling pathway," and "metabolic pathways." Furthermore, the protein-to-protein interaction (PPI) networks of the DEGs were constructed, and the hub genes were identified using Cytoscape. Moreover, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to validate the DEGs in AKI-related modules. Subsequently, the upregulated hub genes STUB1, SOCS1, and VHL were validated as upregulated in human AKI and a mouse cisplatin-induced AKI model. Moreover, the biological functions of STUB1 were investigated in renal tubular epithelial cells. Cisplatin treatment increased STUB1 expression in a dose-dependent manner at both the mRNA and protein levels. Knockdown of STUB1 by siRNA increased the expression of proapoptotic Bax and cleaved caspase-3 while decreasing antiapoptotic Bcl-2. In addition, silencing STUB1 increased the apoptosis of HK-2 cells and the proinflammatory cytokine production of IL6, TNFα, and IL1β induced by cisplatin. These results indicated that STUB1 may contribute to the initiation and progression of AKI by inducing renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis and renal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Genwen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Teng
- Department of Nephrology, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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