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Rinella L, Fiorentino G, Compagno M, Grange C, Cedrino M, Marano F, Bosco O, Vissio E, Delsedime L, D'Amelio P, Bussolati B, Arvat E, Catalano MG. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) drives growth and metastases in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00783-7. [PMID: 38740881 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is associated with a poor prognosis and remains an incurable fatal disease. Therefore, the identification of molecular markers involved in cancer progression is urgently needed to develop more-effective therapies. The present study investigated the role of the Wnt signaling modulator Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) in the growth and metastatic progression of mCRPC. DKK1 silencing through siRNA and deletion via CRISPR/Cas9 editing were performed in two different metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer cell lines (PC3 and DU145). A xenograft tumor model was used to assess tumor growth and metastases. In in vitro experiments, both DKK1 silencing and deletion reduced cell growth and migration of both cell lines. DKK1 knockout clones (DKK1-KO) exhibited cell cycle arrest, tubulin reorganization, and modulation of tumor metastasis-associated genes. Furthermore, in DKK1-KO cells, E-cadherin re-expression and its membrane co-localization with β-catenin were observed, contributing to reduced migration; Cadherin-11, known to increase during epithelial-mesenchymal transition, was down-regulated in DKK1-KO cells. In the xenograft mouse model, DKK1 deletion not only reduced tumor growth but also inhibited the formation of lung metastases. In conclusion, our findings support the key role of DKK1 in the growth and metastatic dissemination of mCRPC, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Rinella
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Mara Compagno
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Grange
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Cedrino
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Marano
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ornella Bosco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Vissio
- Unit of Pathology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Delsedime
- Unit of Pathology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Arvat
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Dibdiakova K, Majercikova Z, Galanda T, Richterova R, Kolarovszki B, Racay P, Hatok J. Relationship between the Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors in Patients with Brain Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2858. [PMID: 38474106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) play critical roles in regulating processes associated with malignant behavior. These endopeptidases selectively degrade components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), growth factors, and their receptors, contributing to cancer cell invasiveness and migratory characteristics by disrupting the basal membrane. However, the expression profile and role of various matrix metalloproteinases remain unclear, and only a few studies have focused on differences between diagnoses of brain tumors. Using quantitative real-time PCR analysis, we identified the expression pattern of ECM modulators (n = 10) in biopsies from glioblastoma (GBM; n = 20), astrocytoma (AST; n = 9), and meningioma (MNG; n = 19) patients. We found eight deregulated genes in the glioblastoma group compared to the benign meningioma group, with only MMP9 (FC = 2.55; p = 0.09) and TIMP4 (7.28; p < 0.0001) upregulated in an aggressive form. The most substantial positive change in fold regulation for all tumors was detected in matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MNG = 30.9, AST = 4.28, and GBM = 4.12). Notably, we observed an influence of TIMP1, demonstrating a positive correlation with MMP8, MMP9, and MMP10 in tumor samples. Subsequently, we examined the protein levels of the investigated MMPs (n = 7) and TIMPs (n = 3) via immunodetection. We confirmed elevated levels of MMPs and TIMPs in GBM patients compared to meningiomas and astrocytomas. Even when correlating glioblastomas versus astrocytomas, we showed a significantly increased level of MMP1, MMP3, MMP13, and TIMP1. The identified metalloproteases may play a key role in the process of gliomagenesis and may represent potential targets for personalized therapy. However, as we have not confirmed the relationship between mRNA expression and protein levels in individual samples, it is therefore natural that the regulation of metalloproteases will be subject to several factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Dibdiakova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 11161/4D, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 11161/4C, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Majercikova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 11161/4D, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Galanda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Roosevelt Hospital, Slovak Medical University, Nam. L. Svobodu 1, 97517 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Romana Richterova
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, University Hospital in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Branislav Kolarovszki
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, University Hospital in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Racay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 11161/4D, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Hatok
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 11161/4D, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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Kriuchkovskaia V, Eames EK, Riggins RB, Harley BAC. Acquired temozolomide resistance instructs patterns of glioblastoma behavior in gelatin hydrogels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.14.567115. [PMID: 38014332 PMCID: PMC10680767 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.567115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Acquired drug resistance in glioblastoma (GBM) presents a major clinical challenge and is a key factor contributing to abysmal prognosis, with less than 15 months median overall survival. Aggressive chemotherapy with the frontline therapeutic, temozolomide (TMZ), ultimately fails to kill residual highly invasive tumor cells after surgical resection and radiotherapy. Here, we report a three-dimensional (3D) engineered model of acquired TMZ resistance using two isogenically-matched sets of GBM cell lines encapsulated in gelatin methacrylol hydrogels. We benchmark response of TMZ-resistant vs. TMZ-sensitive GBM cell lines within the gelatin-based extracellular matrix platform and further validate drug response at physiologically relevant TMZ concentrations. We show changes in drug sensitivity, cell invasion, and matrix-remodeling cytokine production as the result of acquired TMZ resistance. This platform lays the foundation for future investigations targeting key elements of the GBM tumor microenvironment to combat GBM's devastating impact by advancing our understanding of GBM progression and treatment response to guide the development of novel treatment strategies. Teaser A hydrogel model to investigate the impact of acquired drug resistance on functional response in glioblastoma.
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Hu X, Jiang C, Gao Y, Xue X. Human dendritic cell subsets in the glioblastoma-associated microenvironment. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 383:578147. [PMID: 37643497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive type of glioma (Grade IV). The presence of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTLs) has been associated with improved outcomes in patients with GBM, and it is believed that the activation of CTLs by dendritic cells may play a critical role in controlling the growth of GBM. DCs are professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) that orchestrate innate and adaptive anti-GBM immunity. DCs can subsequently differentiate into plasmacytoid DCs (pDC), conventional DC1 (cDC1), conventional (cDC2), and monocyte-derived DCs (moDC) depending on environmental exposure. The different subsets of DCs exhibit varying functional capabilities in antigen presentation and T cell activation in producing an antitumor response. In this review, we focus on recent studies describing the phenotypic and functional characteristics of DC subsets in humans and their respective antitumor immunity and immunotolerance roles in the GBM-associated microenvironment. The critical components of crosstalk between DC subsets that contribute significantly to GBM-specific immune responses are also highlighted in this review with reference to the latest literature. Since DCs could be prime targets for therapeutic intervention, it is worth summarizing the relevance of DC subsets with respect to GBM-associated immunologic tolerance and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Hu
- Medical Research Center, People's Hospital of Longhua, The Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory, Life Sciences Institute & Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Chunmei Jiang
- Medical Research Center, People's Hospital of Longhua, The Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China.
| | - Xingkui Xue
- Medical Research Center, People's Hospital of Longhua, The Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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Kumari S, Kumar P. Identification and characterization of putative biomarkers and therapeutic axis in Glioblastoma multiforme microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1236271. [PMID: 37538397 PMCID: PMC10395518 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1236271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-cellular secretory components, including chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors in the tumor microenvironment, are often dysregulated, impacting tumorigenesis in Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) microenvironment, where the prognostic significance of the current treatment remains unsatisfactory. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of post-translational modifications (PTM) and their respective enzymes, such as acetylation and ubiquitination in GBM etiology through modulating signaling events. However, the relationship between non-cellular secretory components and post-translational modifications will create a research void in GBM therapeutics. Therefore, we aim to bridge the gap between non-cellular secretory components and PTM modifications through machine learning and computational biology approaches. Herein, we highlighted the importance of BMP1, CTSB, LOX, LOXL1, PLOD1, MMP9, SERPINE1, and SERPING1 in GBM etiology. Further, we demonstrated the positive relationship between the E2 conjugating enzymes (Ube2E1, Ube2H, Ube2J2, Ube2C, Ube2J2, and Ube2S), E3 ligases (VHL and GNB2L1) and substrate (HIF1A). Additionally, we reported the novel HAT1-induced acetylation sites of Ube2S (K211) and Ube2H (K8, K52). Structural and functional characterization of Ube2S (8) and Ube2H (1) have identified their association with protein kinases. Lastly, our results found a putative therapeutic axis HAT1-Ube2S(K211)-GNB2L1-HIF1A and potential predictive biomarkers (CTSB, HAT1, Ube2H, VHL, and GNB2L1) that play a critical role in GBM pathogenesis.
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Kumari S, Kumar P. Design and Computational Analysis of an MMP9 Inhibitor in Hypoxia-Induced Glioblastoma Multiforme. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:10565-10590. [PMID: 36969457 PMCID: PMC10035023 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The main therapeutic difficulties in treating hypoxia-induced glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are toxicity of current treatments and the resistance brought on by the microenvironment. More effective therapeutic alternatives are urgently needed to reduce tumor lethality. Hence, we screened plant-based natural product panels intending to identify novel drugs without elevating drug resistance. We explored GEO for the hypoxia GBM model and compared hypoxic genes to non-neoplastic brain cells. A total of 2429 differentially expressed genes expressed exclusively in hypoxia were identified. The functional enrichment analysis demonstrated genes associated with GBM, further PPI network was constructed, and biological pathways associated with them were explored. Seven webtools, including GEPIA2.0, TIMER2.0, TCGA-GBM, and GlioVis, were used to validate 32 hub genes discovered using Cytoscape tool in GBM patient samples. Four GBM-specific hypoxic hub genes, LYN, MMP9, PSMB9, and TIMP1, were connected to the tumor microenvironment using TIMER analysis. 11 promising hits demonstrated positive drug-likeness with nontoxic characteristics and successfully crossed blood-brain barrier and ADMET analyses. Top-ranking hits have stable intermolecular interactions with the MMP9 protein according to molecular docking, MD simulation, MM-PBSA, PCA, and DCCM analyses. Herein, we have reported flavonoids, 7,4'-dihydroxyflavan, (3R)-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran, and 4'-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavan, to inhibit MMP9, a novel hypoxia gene signature that could serve as a promising predictor in various clinical applications, including GBM diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy.
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Liu L, Yang S, Lin K, Yu X, Meng J, Ma C, Wu Z, Hao Y, Chen N, Ge Q, Gao W, Wang X, Lam EWF, Zhang L, Li F, Jin B, Jin D. Sp1 induced gene TIMP1 is related to immune cell infiltration in glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11181. [PMID: 35778451 PMCID: PMC9249770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immune microenvironment exerts a profound effect on the population of infiltrating immune cells. Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) is frequently overexpressed in a variety of cells, particularly during inflammation and tissue injury. However, its function in cancer and immunity remains enigmatic. In this study, we find that TIMP1 is substantially up-regulated during tumorigenesis through analyzing cancer bioinformatics databases, which is further confirmed by IHC tissue microarrays of clinical samples. The TIMP1 level is significantly increased in lymphocytes infiltrating the tumors and correlated with cancer progression, particularly in GBM. Notably, we find that the transcriptional factor Sp1 binds to the promoter of TIMP1 and triggers its expression in GBM. Together, our findings suggest that the Sp1-TIMP1 axis can be a potent biomarker for evaluating immune cell infiltration at the tumor sites and therefore, the malignant progression of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyao Yang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Kefeng Lin
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoman Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Meng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchao Hao
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Ge
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Gao
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangcheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bilian Jin
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Di Jin
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Du X, Zhou D, Zhou J, Xue J, Cheng Z. Marek's Disease Virus and Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Coinfection Enhances Viral Replication and Alters Cellular Protein Profiles. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:854007. [PMID: 35392111 PMCID: PMC8981388 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.854007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coinfection with Marek's disease virus (MDV) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) causes synergistic pathogenic effects and serious losses to the poultry industry. However, whether there is a synergism between the two viruses in viral replication and the roles of host factors in regulating MDV and REV coinfection remains elusive. In this study, we found that MDV and REV coinfection increased viral replication in coinfected cells as compared to a single infection in a limited period. Further, we explore the host cell responses to MDV and REV coinfection using tandem mass tag (TMT) peptide labeling coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Compared with MDV/REV-infected cells, 38 proteins increased (fold change > 1.2) and 60 decreased (fold change < 0.83) their abundance in MDV and REV coinfected cells. Differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were involved in important biological processes involved in the immune system process, cell adhesion and migration, cellular processes, and multicellular organismal systems. STRING analysis found that IRF7, MX1, TIMP3, and AKT1 may be associated with MDV and REV synergistic replication in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs). Western blotting analysis showed that the selected DAPs were identical to the quantitative proteomics data. Taken together, we verified that MDV and REV can synergistically replicate in coinfected cells and revealed the host molecules involved in it. However, the synergistic pathogenesis of MDV and REV needs to be further studied.
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