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Pinho B, Costa A. Impact of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) guidelines implementation in cesarean delivery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 292:201-209. [PMID: 38042118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cesarean delivery rate is increasing, with no prediction of this rate to drop. Implementation of Early Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program adapted to this high prevalent obstetrical surgical procedure proposes better peri-operative care achievement with improved maternal medical care, namely reduced morbidity, faster return to normal daily activities and improved impact on quality of life. Our aim was to analyze the outcomes of ERAS guidelines implementation in cesarean sections (CS). MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic review was performed across 3 databases (MEDLINE (Pubmed), Scopus and Web of Science), with no time or language filters, for articles comparing outcomes on pregnant women who delivered via CS with ERAS guidelines implementation versus the traditional approach without ERAS implementation. Outcomes established: primary - hospital length of stay; secondary - opioid consumption, readmission rates and maternal complications (overall, surgical site infection and emetic morbidity). Statistical analyses were conducted using Review Manager 5.4 and its results were expressed as mean difference, standardized mean difference and odds ratio, with 95% of confidence intervals. This systematic review was reported according to the PRISMA statement. RESULTS This systematic review included 16 studies (3 randomized controlled trials (RCT), 4 prospective cohorts and 9 retrospective cohorts), with a pool analysis of 19,001 women (9752 with the traditional approach and 9249 following ERAS guidelines). Our results showed a significative decrease in length of hospital stay (MD: -13.78 h; CI 95 % -19.28 to -8.28; p < 0.00001) and opioid consumption (SMD: -0.91; CI 95 % -1.51 to -0.32; p = 0.003), with similar readmission rates (OR: 0.85; CI 95 % 0.50 to 1.44; p = 0.53) and maternal complications, namely: overall (OR: 0.87; CI 95 % 0.56 to 1.35; p = 0.53); surgical site infection (OR: 1.13; CI 95 % 0.72 to 1.77; p = 0.60) and emetic morbidity (OR: 0.78; CI 95 % 0.31 to 1.96; p = 0.60). CONCLUSIONS ERAS guidelines applied at CS management are associated with decreased length of stay and opioid consumption, without negatively impact on readmission rates and overall maternal complications, including surgical site infection and emetic morbidity. The reduced number of RCT studies and the heterogeneity of the studies (heterogeneous inter-study protocols) constitutes the major limitation of the evidence found. Still, these findings may be a foremost help to confirm the beneficial impact of an ERAS approach during peri-cesarean management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pinho
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Antónia Costa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Serviço de Ginecologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
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Fouogue JT, Semaan A, Smekens T, Day LT, Filippi V, Mitsuaki M, Fouelifack FY, Kenfack B, Fouedjio JH, Delvaux T, Beňová L. Length of stay and determinants of early discharge after facility-based childbirth in Cameroon: analysis of the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:575. [PMID: 37563737 PMCID: PMC10413693 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A minimum length of stay following facility birth is a prerequisite for women and newborns to receive the recommended monitoring and package of postnatal care. The first postnatal care guidelines in Cameroon were issued in 1998 but adherence to minimum length of stay has not been assessed thus far. The objective of this study was to estimate the average length of stay and identify determinants of early discharge after facility birth. METHODS We analyzed the Cameroon 2018 Demographic and Health Survey. We included 4,567 women who had a live birth in a heath facility between 2013 and 2018. We calculated their median length of stay in hours by mode of birth and the proportion discharged early (length of stay < 24 h after vaginal birth or < 5 days after caesarean section). We assessed the association between sociodemographic, context-related, facility-related, obstetric and need-related factors and early discharge using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS The median length of stay (inter quartile range) was 36 (9-84) hours after vaginal birth (n = 4,290) and 252 (132-300) hours after caesarean section (n = 277). We found that 28.8% of all women who gave birth in health facilities were discharged too early (29.7% of women with vaginal birth and 15.1% after a caesarean section). Factors which significantly predicted early discharge in multivariable regression were: maternal age < 20 years (compared to 20-29 years, aOR: 1.44; 95%CI 1.13-1.82), unemployment (aOR: 0.78; 95%CI: 0.63-0.96), non-Christian religions (aOR: 1.65; 95CI: 1.21-2.24), and region of residence-Northern zone aOR:9.95 (95%CI:6.53-15.17) and Forest zone aOR:2.51 (95%CI:1.79-3.53) compared to the country's capital cities (Douala or Yaounde). None of the obstetric characteristics was associated with early discharge. CONCLUSIONS More than 1 in 4 women who gave birth in facilities in Cameroon were discharged too early; this mostly affected women following vaginal birth. The reasons leading to lack of adherence to postnatal care guidelines should be better understood and addressed to reduce preventable complications and provide better support to women and newborns during this critical period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovanny Tsuala Fouogue
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Aline Semaan
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tom Smekens
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Louise-Tina Day
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Veronique Filippi
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Matsui Mitsuaki
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Bruno Kenfack
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Thérèse Delvaux
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lenka Beňová
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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Jakhetiya B, Dhakre PC, Chaudhary D, Gupta A. Clinical Outcome in Patient Undergoing LSCS via ERAS Pathway versus Traditional Pathway: A Prospective Observational Study. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2023; 73:214-222. [PMID: 37324366 PMCID: PMC10267063 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-022-01732-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction ERAS is an evidence-based management protocol for perioperative care, to accelerate patient recovery. The field of obstetrics has been a late adapter of ERAS pathway for CS, and the literature is limited from Indian population. Material and Methods This prospective non-randomized comparative clinical study was conducted on 190 pregnant patients, out of which 95 were subjected to ERAS protocol (Group 1) and remaining 95 cases were enrolled in existing traditional protocol (Group 2). The primary objective was to compare quality of recovery based on obstetric-specific QoR 11 questionnaire between patients undergoing ERAC and traditional protocol for elective LSCS. Secondary objective was to compare perioperative bleeding, breast feeding initiation and difficulties, first oral intake, ambulation attempts, decatheterization, surgical site infection and length of hospital stay. Results At 24 h postoperatively, mean QoR score was significantly higher for patients in the ERAC group (85.5 ± 7.46 vs 57.1 ± 11.33, p value < 0.01). In the ERAC group, 50.5% of the mothers started breastfeeding within first hour. The mean duration to start oral intake postoperatively was significantly lower in ERAC group. In the ERAC group, ambulation and decatheterization were attempted within 6 h postoperatively in 86.3%. The mean length of hospital stay was significantly lower for patients in the ERAC group (68.8 ± 1.9 vs 105.4 ± 25.7 h, p value < 0.001). Conclusion The use of ERAC protocol at cesarean delivery significantly improves quality of recovery and length of hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Arun Gupta
- Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, India
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Ciechanowicz S, Ke JXC, Sharawi N, Sultan P. Measuring enhanced recovery in obstetrics: a narrative review. AJOG GLOBAL REPORTS 2023; 3:100152. [PMID: 36699096 PMCID: PMC9867978 DOI: 10.1016/j.xagr.2022.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery is a protocolized approach to perioperative care, with the aim to optimize maternal recovery after surgery. It is associated with improved maternal and neonatal outcomes, including decreased length of hospital stay, opioid consumption, pain scores, complications, increased maternal satisfaction, and increased breastfeeding success. However, the pace and enthusiasm of adoption of enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery internationally has not yet been matched with high-quality evidence demonstrating its benefit, and current studies provide low- to very low-quality evidence in support of enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery. This article provides a summary of current measures of enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery success, and optimal measures of inpatient and outpatient postpartum recovery. We summarize outcomes from 22 published enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery implementation studies and 2 meta-analyses. A variety of disparate metrics have been used to measure enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery success, including process measures (length of hospital stay, bundle compliance, preoperative fasting time, time to first mobilization, time to urinary catheter removal), maternal outcomes (patient-reported outcome measures, complications, opioid consumption, satisfaction), neonatal outcomes (breastfeeding success, Apgar scores, maternal-neonatal bonding), cost savings, and complication rates (maternal readmission rate, urinary recatheterization rate, neonatal readmission rate). A core outcome set for use in enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery studies has been developed through Delphi consensus, involving stakeholders including obstetricians, anesthesiologists, patients, and a midwife. Fifteen measures covering key aspects of enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery adoption are recommended for use in future enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery implementation studies. The use of these outcome measures could improve the quality of evidence surrounding enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery. Using evidence-based evaluation guidelines developed by the COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments) group, the Obstetric Quality of Recovery score (ObsQoR) was identified as the best patient-reported outcome measure for inpatient postpartum recovery. Advances in our understanding of postpartum recovery as a multidimensional and dynamic construct have opened new avenues for the identification of optimum patient-reported outcome measures in this context. The use of standardized measures such as these will facilitate pooling of data in future studies and improve overall levels of evidence surrounding enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery. Larger studies with optimal study designs, using recommended outcomes including patient-reported outcome measures, will reduce variation and improve data quality to help guide future recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ciechanowicz
- From the Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University College Hospital, London, England (Dr. Ciechanowicz)
| | - Janny Xue Chen Ke
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada (Dr. Ke, Dr. Sharawi, Dr. Sultan)
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Nadir Sharawi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR (Dr. Sharawi)
| | - Pervez Sultan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (Dr. Sultan)
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Fu YY, Yao Q, Shao WZ, Sun GW, Wang DR. Single-port versus conventional laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta analysis. Asian J Surg 2023; 46:1073-1074. [PMID: 36050235 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.07.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yan Fu
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China; Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China; General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China; Yangzhou, Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China; Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China; General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China; Yangzhou, Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, China
| | - Wen-Zhe Shao
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China; Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China; General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China; Yangzhou, Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, China
| | - Guo-Wei Sun
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China; Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China; General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China; Yangzhou, Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, China
| | - Dao-Rong Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China; General Surgery Institute of Yangzhou, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China; Yangzhou, Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Transformation of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, China.
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Wang X, Chen Y, Zhao J, Wang B, Chen Z. Enhanced recovery after surgery for primary total hip arthroplasty: analysis of post-operative blood indexes. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2023; 47:125-129. [PMID: 36227382 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-022-05606-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To explore the clinical efficacy of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program in terms of blood management for primary hip arthroplasty patients. METHOD Ninety cases of total hip arthroplasty in our hospital from October 2020 to January 2022 were selected as the research objects, 45 cases as the control group, and 45 cases as the ERAS group. The control group was given routine care after operation, while the ERAS group was given ERAS management. The leucocytes, haemoglobin, platelets, albumin, D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), total length of stay (LOS), and estimated blood loss after operation were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The results showed that the Hb, TPO, and Alb of the ERAS group before operation, one day and three days after operation were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The WBC, CRP, and D-dimer in ERAS group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The LOS in ERAS group was significantly less than that in control group (P < 0.05). DISCUSSION ERAS scheme can reduce the loss of blood and nutrients from surgery in patients. WBC, CRP, and D-dimer in ERAS group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Humane care from ERAS programs can relieve patients' anxiety to some extent. CONCLUSION ERAS management contributes to the recovery of hip function in patients undergoing THA, reduces blood loss during peri-operative period, and reduces the effect of operation on blood system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Wang
- Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, China
| | - Yinyin Chen
- Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, China
| | - Jianzong Zhao
- Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, China
| | - Zhiping Chen
- Orthopedics, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225500, China.
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Zhang M, Wang X, Chen X, Song Z, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang D. A Scientometric Analysis and Visualization Discovery of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery. Front Surg 2022; 9:894083. [PMID: 36090333 PMCID: PMC9450939 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.894083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS), a new clinical surgical concept, has been applied in many surgical disciplines with good clinical results for the past 20 years. Bibliometric analysis is an effective method to quantitatively evaluate the academic productivity. This report aimed to perform a scientometric analysis of the ERAS research status and research hotspots. Methods Comprehensive scientific mapping analysis of a wide range of literature metadata using the scientometric tools, including the Bibliometrix R Package, Biblioshiny, and CiteSpace. Data were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database of original articles from 2001 to 2020. Specific indicators and maps were analyzed to show the co-authorship, co-institute, co-country, co-citation, and international cooperation. Automatic literature screening, unsupervised cluster filtering, and topic cluster identification methods were used to display the conceptual framework and thematic evolution. Results A total of 1,403 research projects drafted by 6,966 authors and published in 413 sources were found. There was an exponential growth in the number of publications on ERAS. There were 709 collaborations between authors from different countries, and the US, China, and the UK had the greatest number of publications. The WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY, located in Bradford’s Law 1, had the highest number of published articles (n = 1,276; total citations = 3,193). CiteSpace network analysis revealed 15 highly correlated cluster ERAS studies, and the earliest study was on colonic surgery, and ERAS was recently applied in cardiac surgery. The etiology of ERAS is constantly evolving, with surgery and length of hospital as the main topics. Meta-analyses and perioperative care have tended to decline. Conclusion This is the first scientometric analysis of ERAS to provide descriptive quantitative indicators. This can provide a better understanding of how the field has evolved over the past 20 years, help identify research trends, and provide insights and research directions for academic researchers, policymakers, and medical practitioners who want to collaborate in these areas in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Department of Health Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueting Chen
- Department of Health Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zixuan Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yangzi Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Correspondence: Dandan Zhang
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Tshering S, Dorji T, Dorji N, Monger R, Choden K, Lhamo K. Setting up minimal invasive surgery services in gynecology in a resource-limited setting: an experience from Bhutan. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:59. [PMID: 35172895 PMCID: PMC8848657 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-05953-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical profile of minimal invasive procedures performed in gynecology at the national referral hospital in Bhutan. A review of such procedures performed in gynecology was needed to assess the baseline information and generate our own experience. We conducted a descriptive study with a review of hospital records of minimal invasive procedures performed from 1st January to 31st December 2020 at the Department of Gynecology. Data were extracted into a structured pro forma. Descriptive statistics were used to express the results. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 33.9 ± 8.6 years of which the maximum was in the age group 25-34 years. 28 (17.5%) and 132 (82.5%) patients underwent emergency and elective procedures respectively. 142 (88.8%) and 18 (11.2%) patients underwent laparoscopic and hysteroscopic procedures respectively. Ovarian cystectomy was the most commonly performed procedure. The median operating time was 100 min (IQR 62.5-157.5). The overall complication rate was 2.5%. The median postoperative length of hospital stay was 24 h (IQR 3-24). Using our data and experience, we recommend a new health policy to recognize MIS in gynecology as a subspecialty and strengthen the existing service in gynecological MIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangay Tshering
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan.
| | - Thinley Dorji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan.,Kidu Mobile Medical Unit, His Majesty's People's Project, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Namkha Dorji
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Renuka Monger
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Kesang Choden
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Kezang Lhamo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan
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Sharma K, Gupta S, Gupta A, Baghel A, Choudhary S, Choudhary V. Enhanced recovery after cesarean protocol versus traditional protocol in elective cesarean section: A prospective observational study. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC ANAESTHESIA AND CRITICAL CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/joacc.joacc_16_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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O’Carroll J, Carvalho B, Sultan P. Enhancing recovery after cesarean delivery – A narrative review. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2022; 36:89-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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