Prevalence and related factors of inappropriate gestational weight gain among pregnant women with overweight/ obesity in Thailand

Determinants of weight gain in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum in Dire Dawa administration, Eastern Ethiopia: An unmatched case-control study

BACKGROUND

Adequate gestational weight gain affects birth outcomes and increases the risk of non-communicable diseases later in life. Weight gain in pregnant Ethiopian women with hyperemesis gravidarum has not been investigated comprehensively.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the determinants of weight gain in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravida in Dire Dawa Administration, Eastern Ethiopia.

DESIGN

Unmatched case-control studyMethods:Pregnant women who visited health facilities for ante-natal care were recruited into this study using random sampling techniques. The World Health Organization Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, FANTA Version III Women's Dietary Diversity Score Questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements were used for the assessment of physical activities, dietary diversity, and gestational weight gain, respectively. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness model were used to identify the determinants of gestational weight gain in the study population. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS

A total of 657 pregnant women (219 patients and 438 controls) were included in this study. Among them, 44.3% and 47% of those in the patient and control groups, respectively, gained adequate weight during pregnancy (Std. 0.499: 95% CI: 42-49.8). Gravidity (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.43, 95%CI: 0.22-0.81), planned pregnancy (aOR: 0.28, 95%CI: 0.11-0.69), and pre-pregnancy weight (aOR: 0.16, 95%CI: 0.72-0.74) were determinants of weight gain in the patient group, whereas the secondary level of education (aOR: 0.59, 95%CI: 0.36-0.97) and pre-pregnancy weight (aOR: 0.20, 95%CI: 0.08, 0.50) were determinants of gestational weight gain in the control group.

CONCLUSION

The main determinants of gestational weight gain in women with hyperemesis gravidarum are gravidity, planned pregnancy, and pre-pregnancy weight. However, educational status and pre-pregnancy weight are the main determinants of gestational weight gain in women without hyperemesis gravidarum. Strengthening the nutritional life-cycle approach during pregnancy is important for ensuring that mothers maintain a healthy gestational weight.

Optimal gestational weight gain in Taiwan: A retrospective cohort study

OBJECTIVE

Maternal body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are believed to be associated with fetal conditions and maternal complications. The aim of this study was investigating the influence of maternal prepregnancy BMI and GWG on pregnancy outcomes and exploring the optimal GWG in Taiwanese singleton women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Retrospective records of 8146 singleton pregnant women between 2017 and 2019, obtained from a tertiary center in Taiwan were reviewed, and the associations between maternal prepregnancy BMI, GWG, and perinatal outcomes were analyzed. The patients were divided into five groups based on prepregnancy BMIs, defined by Taiwan Health Promotion Administration, as underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), normal-weight (18.5 ≤ BMI <24 kg/m2), overweight (24.0 ≤ BMI <27.0 kg/m2), mild obese (27.0 ≤ BMI <30 kg/m2) and moderate-to-severe obese (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2), and the lowest risks of different complications were summarized in each group. Also, using the Institute of Medicine and Japanese guidelines as reference, the Taiwanese recommendations for GWG were revised.

RESULTS

The rate of cesarean section, hypertensive disorder, preeclampsia, preeclampsia with severe features, and preterm birth were higher in prepregnancy overweight and obese women than in normal-weight women (p < 0.05). In the Taiwanese population, the recommended GWG for underweight pregnant women is 11-15 kg, for normal-weight pregnant women, it is 9.4-13.5 kg, for overweight pregnant women, it is 7.9-11.4 kg, for mild obese pregnant women, it is 7.3-10 kg, and for moderate-to-severe obese pregnant women, it is 4.9-9 kg with lowest perinatal complications.

CONCLUSIONS

Unsatisfactory controlled prepregnancy weight (BMI ≥24) and inappropriate body weight gain during pregnancy can increase the risk of adverse pregnancy complications. Taiwanese GWG guidelines should be revised based on the characteristics and clinical data of the local population.