1
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Zhao Y, Zhou D, Yuan Y, Chen Y, Zhang K, Tan Y, Fang S. MAPKAPK5-AS1/miR-515-5p/CAB39 Axis Contributes to Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1887-1897. [PMID: 36867352 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00654-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have elucidated the pivotal function that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) exerted on the initiation and development of various human carcinomas, encompassing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In spite of the fact that lncRNA MAPKAPK5 antisense RNA 1 (MAPKAPK5-AS1) has already been investigated by researchers and confirmed to play oncogenic roles in colorectal cancer, the underlying regulatory function of MAPKAPK5-AS1 in NSCLC cells still remain unclear. In our research, we found that MAPKAPK5-AS1 was expressed at high levels in NSCLC cells. Biological functional assays unclosed that downregulation of MAPKAPK5-AS1 repressed proliferative and migratory capacities whereas promoted apoptotic level in NSCLC cells. Molecular mechanism experiments confirmed that, in NSCLC cells, MAPKAPK5-AS1 combined with miR-515-5p and negatively modulated miR-515-5p expression level. Besides, calcium-binding protein 39 (CAB39) expression level was verified to be negatively modulated by miR-515-5p whereas positively modulated by MAPKAPK5-AS1 in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, rescued-function assays disclosed that inhibited miR-515-5p expression or overexpressed CAB39 could restore the suppressive influence of MAPKAPK5-AS1 silence on NSCLC progression. In summary, MAPKAPK5-AS1 upregulates CAB39 expression level to facilitate NSCLC progression by sequestering miR-515-5p, providing promising biomarkers for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Zhao
- Department of Respiratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Qinhuai District, No.68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210012, Jiangsu, China
| | - Danyang Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Qinhuai District, No.68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210012, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Respiratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Qinhuai District, No.68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210012, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yubao Chen
- Department of Respiratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Qinhuai District, No.68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210012, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Qinhuai District, No.68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210012, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Respiratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Qinhuai District, No.68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210012, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Surong Fang
- Department of Respiratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Qinhuai District, No.68, Changle Road, Nanjing, 210012, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Tonse R, Rubens M, Appel H, Tom MC, Hall MD, Odia Y, McDermott MW, Ahluwalia MS, Mehta MP, Kotecha R. Systematic review and meta-analysis of lung cancer brain metastasis and primary tumor receptor expression discordance. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:48. [PMID: 35201504 PMCID: PMC8777541 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment paradigms for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer are increasingly based on biomarker-driven therapies, with the most common alteration being mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Change in expression of such biomarkers could have a profound impact on the choice and efficacy of a selected targeted therapeutic, and hence the objective of this study was to analyze discordance in EGFR status in patients with lung cancer brain metastasis (LCBM). METHODS Using PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was performed of series in the Medline database of biopsied or resected LCBM published before May, 2020. Key words included "lung cancer" and "brain metastasis" combined with "epidermal growth factor receptor/EGFR," and "receptor conversion/discordance or concordance." Weighted random effects models were used to calculate pooled estimates. RESULTS We identified 501 patients from 19 full-text articles for inclusion in this study. All patients underwent biopsy or resection of at least one intracranial lesion to compare to the primary tumor. On primary/LCBM comparison, the weighted pooled estimate for overall EGFR receptor discordance was 10% (95% CI 5-17%). The weighted effects model estimated a gain of an EGFR mutation in a brain metastases in patients with negative primary tumors was 7% (95% CI 4-12%). Alternatively, the weighted effects model estimate of loss of an EGFR mutation in patients with detected mutations in the primary tumor was also 7% (95% CI 4-10%). KRAS testing was also performed on both primary tumors and LCBM in a subset of 148 patients. The weighted effects estimate of KRAS-mutation discordance among LCBM compared to primary tumors was 13% (95% CI 5-27%). The weighted effects estimated of KRAS gain and loss in LCBM was 10% (95% CI 6-18%) and 8% (95% CI 4-15%), respectively. Meta-regression analysis did not find any association with any factors that could be associated with discordances. CONCLUSIONS EGFR and KRAS mutation status discordance between primary tumor and LCBM occurs in approximately 10% and 13% of patients, respectively. Evaluation of LCBM receptor status is key to biomarker-driven targeted therapy for intracranial disease and awareness of subtype switching is critical for those patients treated with systemic therapy alone for intracranial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raees Tonse
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Office 1R203, Miami, FL, 33176, USA
| | - Muni Rubens
- Office of Clinical Research, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Haley Appel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Office 1R203, Miami, FL, 33176, USA
| | - Martin C Tom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Office 1R203, Miami, FL, 33176, USA
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Matthew D Hall
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Office 1R203, Miami, FL, 33176, USA
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yazmin Odia
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael W McDermott
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Miami Neuroscience Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Manmeet S Ahluwalia
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Minesh P Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Office 1R203, Miami, FL, 33176, USA
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rupesh Kotecha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Office 1R203, Miami, FL, 33176, USA.
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
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3
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Rashdan S, Iyengar P, Minna JD, Gerber DE. Narrative review: molecular and genetic profiling of oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:3351-3368. [PMID: 34430372 PMCID: PMC8350108 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objectives of this review are to discuss: the definition, clinical and biologic features of oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as well as the concept of treating oligoprogression in oligometastatic NSCLC. Background A substantial proportion of patients diagnosed with lung cancer present with metastatic disease, and a large portion of patients who present with localized disease later develop metastases. Oligometastatic NSCLC is defined as an intermediate state between localized and widespread metastatic disease, where there may be a role for curative localized therapy approach by treating the primary tumor and all metastases with radiotherapy or surgery. Despite the increasing application of this approach in patients with lung cancer, the identification of patients who might benefit from this approach is yet to be well characterized. Methods After a systematic review of the literature, a PubMed search was performed using the English language and the key terms: oligometastatic, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), localized consolidative treatment (LCT), biomarkers, biologic features, clinical features. Over 500 articles were retrieved between 1889–2021. A total of 178 papers discussing the definition, clinical and biologic factors leading to oligometastatic NSCLC were reviewed and included in the discussion of this paper. Conclusions Oligometastatic NSCLC is a unique entity. Identifying patients who have oligometastatic NSCLC accurately using a combination of clinical and biologic features and treating them with localized consolidative approach appropriately results in improvement of outcome. Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving the formation of oligometastatic NSCLC is an important area of focus for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Rashdan
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Puneeth Iyengar
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David E Gerber
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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4
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Goodwin D, Rathi V, Conron M, Wright GM. Genomic and Clinical Significance of Multiple Primary Lung Cancers as Determined by Next-Generation Sequencing. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 16:1166-1175. [PMID: 33845213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Marked variations in survival rates have brought into question whether standard clinicopathologic classification should be applied to patients presenting with multiple primary lung cancers (MPLCs). This study investigated the genetic profiles of MPLCs in a cohort of patients using next-generation sequencing and correlated results to clinicopathologic data and patient outcome. METHODS Patients treated surgically with curative intent for two putative primaries of similar histopathology from January 2000 to December 2019 at St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne. DNA and RNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue and sequenced on an Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine system. Patient outcome was determined by overall survival and disease-free survival. RESULTS A total of 40 cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Mutational profiling was concordant with clinicopathologic diagnosis in most cases; however, seven cases (17.5%) revealed shared mutations suggesting metastatic disease and this was associated with a substantial reduction in overall survival (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that gene sequencing technologies are potentially a more accurate diagnostic and prognostic tool compared with traditional histopathologic evaluation in patients presenting with suspected MPLCs, which could better guide management and predict outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryn Goodwin
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia; Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vivek Rathi
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Matthew Conron
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Gavin M Wright
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia; Research and Education Lead Program, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Australia; Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Australia.
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5
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Abstract
RAS mutation is the most frequent oncogenic alteration in human cancers. KRAS is the most frequently mutated followed by NRAS. The emblematic KRAS mutant cancers are pancreatic, colorectal, lung adenocarcinomas and urogenital cancers. KRAS mutation frequencies are relatively stable worldwide in various cancer types with the one exception of lung adenocarcinoma. The frequencies of KRAS variant alleles appears cancer type specific, reflecting the various carcinogenic processes. In addition to point mutation KRAS, allelic imbalances are also frequent in human cancers leading to the predominance of a mutant allele. KRAS mutant cancers are characterized by typical, cancer-type-specific co-occurring mutations and distinct gene expression signatures. The heterogeneity of KRAS mutant primary cancers is significant, affecting the variant allele frequency, which could lead to unpredictable branching development in metastases. Selection of minute mutant subclones in the primary tumors or metastases during target therapies can also occur frequently in lung or colorectal cancers leading to acquired resistance. Ultrahigh sensitivity techniques are now routinely available for diagnostic purposes, but the proper determination of mutant allele frequency of KRAS in the primary or metastatic tissues may have larger clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozsef Timar
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Karl Kashofer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerpl. 2, 8036, Graz, Austria
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6
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Wang L, Lin C, Sun N, Wang Q, Ding X, Sun Y. Long non-coding RNA CASC19 facilitates non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting the miR-301b-3p/LDLR axis. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3254. [PMID: 32677267 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a lethal tumor resulting in a large number of cancer-related deaths globally. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may modulate tumor initiation and metastasis. Although dysregulation of lncRNA cancer susceptibility 19 (CASC19) is validated in NSCLC, further exploration of the CASC19-regulated mechanism in NSCLC is still needed. METHODS CASC19 expression was examined in NSCLC cells by a quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The specific role of CASC19 in NSCLC was analyzed by cell counting kit-8, EdU, Transwell and western blot assays. The interaction between miR-301b-3p and CASC19 or low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) was confirmed by luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS CASC19 is markedly overexpressed in NSCLC. Its deficiency impairs cell proliferation, as well as metastasis in NSCLC. Molecular mechanism experiments indicated that CASC19 negatively modulates the expression of miR-301b-3p and miR-301b-3p can bind with CASC19 in NSCLC. In addition, miR-301b-3p binds to LDLR to impair its expression in NSCLC. Finally, rescue experiments showed that miR-301b-3p inhibition or LDLR overexpression counteracted the CASC19 knockdown-mediated function on cell proliferation and metastasis in NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS CASC19 facilitates NSCLC cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting the miR-301b-3p/LDLR axis, offering a possible strategy for lncRNA-targeted treatment in NSCLC.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/secondary
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Cunzhi Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Nina Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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7
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Wang Y, Zhao W, Zhang S. STAT3-induced upregulation of circCCDC66 facilitates the progression of non-small cell lung cancer by targeting miR-33a-5p/KPNA4 axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110019. [PMID: 32151944 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has manifested the critical effect of abnormally expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) on the initiation and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although circRNA circCCDC66 has been revealed to elicit facilitating impact on cell growth and metastasis in colon cancer, the potential biological function and regulatory mechanism of it in NSCLC still require to be explored. In this study, circCCDC66 in NSCLC cells was highly expressed. Downregulation of circCCDC66 impaired cell proliferation, migration and invasion whereas boosted cell apoptosis in NSCLC. Data from molecular mechanism assays testified that circCCDC66 bound with miR-33a-5p in NSCLC cells. And miR-33a-5p inhibition could rescue the suppressive effect of circCCDC66 knockdown on NSCLC progression. In addition, karyopherin subunit alpha 4 (KPNA4) in NSCLC cells was proofed to be directly targeted by miR-33a-5p. Moreover, through rescued-function assays, we observed that upregulating KPNA4 expression could countervail the restraining function of silenced circCCDC66 on NSCLC progression. Furthermore, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was validated to activate CCDC66 transcription and thereby promote circCCDC66 expression in NSCLC cells. Briefly, STAT3-induced circCCDC66 upregulation accelerates NSCLC progression via miR-33a-5p/KPNA4 axis, suggesting circCCDC66 as a promising biomarker in NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266011, China
| | - Weiye Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266011, China
| | - Shuli Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266011, China.
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8
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Zheng R, Shen Q, Mardekian S, Solomides C, Wang ZX, Evans NR. Molecular profiling of key driver genes improves staging accuracy in multifocal non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 160:e71-e79. [PMID: 32007245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.11.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multifocal non-small cell lung cancer has historically been separated into synchronous primary lung cancers or intrapulmonary metastases with the use of histopathology. We hypothesize that using targeted next-generation sequencing of key driver mutations in multifocal non-small cell lung cancer will improve our ability to differentiate intrapulmonary metastases from synchronous primary lung cancers. METHODS We identified patients who underwent surgery for non-small cell lung cancer between 2013 and 2018 with multifocal tumors. Archived specimens were reviewed with a 4-gene next-generation sequencing panel identifying mutations of EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, and NRAS. Synchronous primary lung cancers were classified as lesions with different histopathologic subtypes or driver mutations. Tests of hypotheses were performed with the Fisher exact test. Calculations were performed in Stata (v13.0; StataCorp LLC, College Station, Tex). RESULTS A total of 18 patients had non-small cell lung cancer tumor specimens (n = 41) available from 2 or more sites. The pathologic diagnosis was predominantly adenocarcinoma (39/41 specimens). We detected a driver mutation in 68.3% (28/41) of all tumors. The most common mutations observed were in KRAS (n = 17/41) and EGFR (n = 7/41). Eleven patients had synchronous primary lung cancers, and 4 patients had intrapulmonary metastases based on combined histopathologic and molecular profiling results. Three lacked driver mutations in either lesion. Eight synchronous primary lung cancers (8/18, 44%) were downstaged when compared with their original diagnosis (P = .08). Of these, 4 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy unnecessarily in hindsight. CONCLUSIONS Molecular non-small cell lung cancer profiling using a 4-gene next-generation sequencing panel allows for better distinction between synchronous primary lung cancers and intrapulmonary metastases than histopathology alone. Routine use of next-generation sequencing for multifocal lesions prevents unnecessary adjuvant treatment for patients with histologically similar synchronous primary lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Stacey Mardekian
- Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Charalambos Solomides
- Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Nathaniel R Evans
- Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa.
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9
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Ghias K, Rehmani SS, Razzak SA, Madhani S, Azim MK, Ahmed R, Khan MJ. Mutational landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas in a South Asian population. Genet Mol Biol 2019; 4242:526-542. [PMID: 31188922 PMCID: PMC6905448 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer
type globally and contributes significantly to burden of disease in South Asia.
In Pakistan, HNSCC is among the most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and
females. The increasing regional burden of HNSCC along with a unique set of risk
factors merited a deeper investigation of the disease at the genomic level.
Whole exome sequencing of HNSCC samples and matched normal genomic DNA analysis
(n=7) was performed. Significant somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were
identified and pathway analysis performed to determine frequently affected
signaling pathways. We identified significant, novel recurrent mutations in
ASNS (asparagine synthetase) that may affect substrate
binding, and variants in driver genes including TP53, PIK3CA, FGFR2,
ARID2, MLL3, MYC and ALK. Using the IntOGen
platform, we identified MAP kinase, cell cycle, actin cytoskeleton regulation,
PI3K-Akt signaling and other pathways in cancer as affected in the samples. This
data is the first of its kind from the Pakistani population. The results of this
study can guide a better mechanistic understanding of HNSCC in the population,
ultimately contributing new, rational therapeutic targets for the treatment of
the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulsoom Ghias
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sadiq S Rehmani
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Safina A Razzak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - M Kamran Azim
- Department of Biosciences, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rashida Ahmed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mumtaz J Khan
- Surgical Specialty Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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10
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Tseng LH, De Marchi F, Pallavajjalla A, Rodriguez E, Xian R, Belchis D, Gocke CD, Eshleman JR, Illei P, Lin MT. Clinical Validation of Discordant Trunk Driver Mutations in Paired Primary and Metastatic Lung Cancer Specimens. Am J Clin Pathol 2019; 152:570-581. [PMID: 31264684 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqz077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To propose an operating procedure for validation of discordant trunk driver mutations. METHODS Concordance of trunk drivers was examined by next-generation sequencing in 15 patients with two to three metastatic lung cancers and 32 paired primary and metastatic lung cancers. RESULTS Tissue identity was confirmed by genotyping 17 single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the panel. All except three pairs showed concordant trunk drivers. Quality assessment conducted in three primary and metastatic pairs with discordant trunk drivers indicates metastasis from a synchronous or remote lung primary in two patients. Review of literature revealed high discordant rates of EGFR and KRAS mutations, especially when Sanger sequencing was applied to examine primary and lymph node metastatic tumors. CONCLUSIONS Trunk driver mutations are highly concordant in primary and metastatic tumors. Discordance of trunk drivers, once confirmed, may suggest a second primary cancer. Guidelines are recommended to establish standard operating procedures for validation of discordant trunk drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hui Tseng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Federico De Marchi
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aparna Pallavajjalla
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Erika Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rena Xian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Deborah Belchis
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Christopher D Gocke
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - James R Eshleman
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peter Illei
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ming-Tseh Lin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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11
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Michaelis M, Wass MN, Cinatl J. Drug-adapted cancer cell lines as preclinical models of acquired resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:447-456. [PMID: 35582596 PMCID: PMC8992517 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acquired resistance formation limits the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies. Acquired and intrinsic resistance differ conceptually. Acquired resistance is the consequence of directed evolution, whereas intrinsic resistance depends on the (stochastic) presence of pre-existing resistance mechanisms. Preclinical model systems are needed to study acquired drug resistance because they enable: (1) in depth functional studies; (2) the investigation of non-standard treatments for a certain disease condition (which is necessary to identify small groups of responders); and (3) the comparison of multiple therapies in the same system. Hence, they complement data derived from clinical trials and clinical specimens, including liquid biopsies. Many groups have successfully used drug-adapted cancer cell lines to identify and elucidate clinically relevant resistance mechanisms to targeted and cytotoxic anti-cancer drugs. Hence, we argue that drug-adapted cancer cell lines represent a preclinical model system in their own right that is complementary to other preclinical model systems and clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Michaelis
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Mark N Wass
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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12
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Lee CC, Soon YY, Tan CL, Koh WY, Leong CN, Tey JCS, Tham IWK. Discordance of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation between primary lung tumor and paired distant metastases in non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218414. [PMID: 31216329 PMCID: PMC6583965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the rate of discordance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation between primary lung tumor and paired distant metastases in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods We performed a meta-analysis of 17 studies (518 cases) assessing discordance rates of EGFR mutation in primary tumors and paired distant metastases. We performed subgroup analyses based on EGFR mutation status in primary tumor (mutant or wildtype), site of distant metastasis (bone, central nervous system (CNS) or lung/ pleural), methods of testing (direct sequencing or allele-specific testing) and timing of metastasis (synchronous or metachronous). Results The overall discordance rate in EGFR mutation was low at 10.36% (95% CI = 4.23% to 18.79%) and varied widely between studies (I2 = 83.18%). The EGFR discordance rate was statistically significantly higher in bone metastases (45.49%, 95% CI = 14.13 to 79.02) than CNS (17.26%, 95% CI = 7.64 to 29.74; P = 0.002) and lung/ pleural metastases (8.17%, 95% CI = 3.35 to 14.85; P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses did not demonstrate any significant effect modification on the discordance rates by the EGFR mutation status in primary lung tumor, methods of testing and timing of metastasis. Conclusion The overall discordance rate in EGFR mutation between primary lung tumor and paired distant metastases in NSCLC is low, although higher discordance rates were observed in bone metastases compared with CNS and lung/pleural metastases. Future studies assessing the impact of EGFR mutation discordance on treatment outcomes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Ching Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Yang Soon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
| | - Char Loo Tan
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Yao Koh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Nang Leong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Chee Seong Tey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ivan Weng Keong Tham
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Strategies to overcome acquired resistance to EGFR TKI in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 21:1287-1301. [PMID: 30864018 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR TKI) represents a paradigm shift in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and has been the first-line therapy in clinical practice. While erlotinib, gefitinib and afatinib have achieved superior efficacy in terms of progression-free survival and overall survival compared with conventional chemotherapy in NSCLC patients, most people inevitably develop acquired resistance to them, which presents another challenge in the treatment of NSCLC. The mechanisms of acquired resistance can be classified as three types: target gene mutation, bypass signaling pathway activation and histological transformation. And the most common mechanism is T790M which accounts for approximately 50% of all subtypes. Many strategies have been explored to overcome the acquired resistance to EGFR TKI. Continuation of EGFR TKI beyond progressive disease is confined to patients in asymptomatic stage when the EGFR addiction is still preserved in some subclones. While the combination of EGFR TKI and chemotherapy or other targeted agents has improved the survival benefit in EGFR TKI resistant patients, there are controversies within them. The next-generation EGFR TKI and immunotherapy represent two novel directions for overcoming acquired resistance and have achieved promising efficacy. Liquid biopsy provides surveillance of the EGFR mutation by disclosing the entire genetic landscape but tissue biopsy is still indispensable because of the considerable rate of false-negative plasma.
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14
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Jin X, Luan H, Chai H, Yan L, Zhang J, Wang Q, Cao L. Netrin‑1 interference potentiates epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition through the PI3K/AKT pathway under the hypoxic microenvironment conditions of non‑small cell lung cancer. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1457-1465. [PMID: 30968155 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Netrin‑1 is overexpressed in several types of cancer. However, whether netrin‑1 can potentiate hypoxia‑induced tumor progression in lung cancer has not been reported to date. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate whether netrin‑1 regulates cancer cell migration and invasion under hypoxic conditions in lung cancer and explore the underlying mechanism. A three‑dimensional microfluidic chip was used to observe real‑time changes in cancer cells, and cobalt chloride (CoCl2) was used to simulate a hypoxic microenvironment. Netrin‑1 siRNA was employed in the A549 and PC9 cell lines to downregulate the expression of netrin‑1. Microfluidic chip, wound healing and Transwell assays were used to examine cell migration and invasion. The expression levels of E‑cadherin and vimentin were detected by western blotting. The data demonstrated that netrin‑1 mediated epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) of A549 and PC9 cells in vitro, which may be associated with the phosphoinositide 3 kinase/AKT pathway. This effect of netrin‑1 on the EMT was not observed in the normoxic microenvironment. In this retrospective study, netrin‑1 concentrations were evaluated in serum obtained from patients with non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and compared with healthy control samples by quantitative enzyme‑linked immunosorbent analysis. The serum concentration of netrin‑1 was found to be significantly higher in NSCLC patients compared with that in healthy donors. Taken together, the findings of the present study highlight a novel role for netrin‑1 in tumor development under hypoxia in NSCLC and provide further evidence for the use of netrin‑1 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayun Jin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Τhe Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Heqi Luan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Τhe Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Hua Chai
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Τhe Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Lina Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Τhe Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Τhe Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Τhe Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Τhe Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
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15
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Gong W, Su Y, Liu Y, Sun P, Wang X. Long non-coding RNA Linc00662 promotes cell invasion and contributes to cancer stem cell-like phenotypes in lung cancer cells. J Biochem 2019; 164:461-469. [PMID: 30256974 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is essential in regulation of cancer cell and cancer stem cells (CSCs) behaviour. Linc00662 is a newly identified human lung cancer related lncRNA. In this study, we aimed to explore the function of Linc00662 in human lung cancer. The expression level of Linc00662 was analysed by quantitative real-time PCR. Cell metastasis and invasive ability were detected by transwell and scratch wound healing assays. The stemness of CSCs was shown by tumorsphere formation assay and flow cytometry. The interaction between Linc00662 and Lin28 was confirmed by RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pulldown assay. Overexpression of Linc00662 promoted the poor prognosis of lung cancer. Cell invasion, metastasis and CSCs stemness in H1299 and A549 could be influenced by Linc00662. Linc00662 had direct interaction with Lin28, and the Linc00662 function was dependent on Lin28. We demonstrate that overexpression of Linc00662 enhances lung cancer cell metastasis and CSC stemness by interacting with Lin28 in human lung cancer, which could be utilized as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Gong
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Institution, 20 Yudong Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi Su
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Institution, 20 Yudong Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Institution, 20 Yudong Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Institution, 20 Yudong Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Institution, 20 Yudong Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
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16
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Deng LL, Deng HB, Lu CL, Gao G, Wang F, Yang Y. Differential molecular markers of primary lung tumors and metastatic sites indicate different possible treatment selections in patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 21:197-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1906-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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A case of second primary lung cancer diagnosed by surgical resection at salvage setting. Int Cancer Conf J 2018; 7:84-86. [PMID: 31149521 DOI: 10.1007/s13691-018-0325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of metachronous second primary lung cancer; it was initially clinically favored as progression of primary disease and finally diagnosed as a second primary lung cancer by surgical resection at salvage setting. A 73-year-old man was diagnosed with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma at initial presentation. He underwent two lines of chemotherapy, and the tumors regressed dramatically. However, the residual lung mass shadow expanded after 22 months. We performed resection at salvage setting. The gene status and histological subtype were not identical with that of the primary tumor, suggesting this to be a second primary lung cancer.
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18
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Miao L, Huang Z, Zengli Z, Li H, Chen Q, Yao C, Cai H, Xiao Y, Xia H, Wang Y. Loss of long noncoding RNA FOXF1-AS1 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stemness and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68339-68349. [PMID: 27577075 PMCID: PMC5356559 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although recent evidence shows that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the regulation of gene expression and cancer progression, the understanding of the role of lncRNAs in lung cancer metastasis is still limited. To identify novel lncRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we profile NSCLC tumor and matched normal samples using GeneChip® Human Gene 2.0 ST Array, which provides the most accurate, sensitive, and comprehensive measurement of protein coding and lncRNA transcripts. We identified a panel of key factors dysregulated in lung cancer. Among them, the expression of FOXF1-AS1 was significantly downregulated in lung cancer. Stable overexpression of FOXF1-AS1 inhibits lung cancer cell migration and invasion by regulating EMT. Meanwhile, loss of FOXF1-AS1 mediates stem-like properties of lung cancer cells. Interestingly, we found that FOXF1-AS1 physically associates with PRC2 components EZH2 and loss of FOXF1-AS1 mediates cell migration and stem-like properties require EZH2. Loss of FOXF1-AS1 is also correlated with downregulation of FOXF1 in lung cancer. These results suggested that FOXF1-AS1 might regulate EMT, stemness and metastasis of NSCLC cells via EZH2, indicating it as a therapeutic target for future treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Miao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longgang District Central Hospital, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, China
| | - Zhang Zengli
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qiufang Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chenyun Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hourong Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yonglong Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hongping Xia
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Hospital & Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
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19
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Wang, DC, Wang, W, Zhu, B, Wang X. Lung Cancer Heterogeneity and New Strategies for Drug Therapy. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 58:531-546. [PMID: 28977762 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010716-104523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diane C. Wang,
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - William Wang,
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bijun Zhu,
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai 200032, China
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20
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González-Larriba JL, Lázaro-Quintela M, Cobo M, Dómine M, Majem M, García-Campelo R. Clinical management of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer patients after progression on previous epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors: the necessity of repeated molecular analysis. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2017; 6:S21-S34. [PMID: 29299405 PMCID: PMC5750154 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2017.10.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important advances in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been the identification of molecular alterations vulnerable to targeted inhibition, such as mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are targeted agents used to treat EGFR mutation-positive advanced NSCLC showing significant improvements in terms of response rate (RR) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared to conventional chemotherapy. However, all patients eventually develop resistance to first-line EGFR-TKIs. The most common mechanism of acquired resistance is the secondary acquisition of a single missense mutation within exon 20 in the EGFR gene, known as the T790M mutation (49-60%). New agents targeting the T790M mutation have undergone clinical development, and among these, osimertinib has shown significant activity in relapsing EGFR mutation positive patients harbouring the T790M mutation. Although precision medicine is a reality for NSCLC, obtaining relevant tissue for repeated molecular analysis from these patients remains a challenge. In this article, a group of experts from the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) and the Spanish Lung Cancer Group (GECP) evaluated the role of rebiopsy and the potential application of plasma-testing methodologies in advanced EGFR mutation patients progressing after EGFR-TKI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuel Cobo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Málaga University Hospital, General and Virgen de la Victoria, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Dómine
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Majem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Xu T, Li D, Wang H, Zheng T, Wang G, Xin Y. MUC1 downregulation inhibits non-small cell lung cancer progression in human cell lines. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4443-4447. [PMID: 29104655 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is aberrantly unregulated in numerous types of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and serves a key role as an oncogene in the tumorigenesis of various human adenocarcinomas. Studies have indicated that MUC1 is involved in cell proliferation, invasion and migration. However, the role of MUC1 in NSCLC progression remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of MUC1 in stable MUC1-low-expression NSCLC cell lines that were generated by transfection with MUC1-siRNA. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was preformed to determine the proliferation ability of NSCLC cells, while cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of MUC1 were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. Western blot analysis was also used for detection of other associated proteins. The results demonstrated that, compared with the control group, the cell proliferation ability was significantly declined in the MUC1 inhibition group, and the cell apoptosis rate was markedly increased. Inhibition of MUC1 gene in NCI-H1650 cells suppressed cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. In addition, the protein expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF-C were notably decreased by MUC1 inhibition, indicating the anti-angiogenic effect of MUC1 downregulation. Furthermore, inhibition of MUC1 gene with MUC1-siRNA significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. In conclusion, the findings indicated that silencing of MUC1 gene may inhibit the development of NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Daowei Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Taohua Zheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Guangqiang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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22
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Yang X, Song X, Wang X, Liu X, Peng Z. Downregulation of TM7SF4 inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis of A549 cells through regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6122-6127. [PMID: 28849122 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common types of malignant tumor worldwide. The etiology of lung cancer is complex and, although significant progress has been made in previous investigations, the molecular mechanism responsible for lung cancer remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, the association between lung cancer and transmembrane 7 superfamily member 4 (TM7SF4) was investigated. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction technology was used to detect the expression of TM7SF4, and it was expressed at a high level in lung cancer. Furthermore, by overexpressing and inhibiting the expression of TM7SF4, the present study compared cell proliferation and migration rates. It was confirmed that TM7SF4 promoted lung cancer cell proliferation and migration. TM7SF4 was also confirmed to promote cancer cell migration and invasion by modulating the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase/Akt pathway in the A549 cells. Correspondingly, the inhibition of TM7SF4 decreased the expression of proteins associated with AKT, whereas the overexpression of TM7SF4 promoted the expression of the relevant proteins. Therefore, the present study confirmed that TM7SF4 was involved in the progression of lung cancer via regulating the activation of AKT. These findings suggested that TM7SF4 may be involved in the progression of lung cancer and may be a novel therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Zhongmin Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Trejo Bittar HE, Luvison A, Miller C, Dacic S. A comparison of ALK gene rearrangement and ALK protein expression in primary lung carcinoma and matched metastasis. Histopathology 2017; 71:269-277. [PMID: 28316074 DOI: 10.1111/his.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The 2013 College of American Pathologists, the Association for Molecular Pathology and the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer guideline for EGFR and ALK testing in lung carcinoma indicates that either the primary tumour or the metastasis is suitable for testing. The heterogeneity of gene mutations has been studied extensively, while similar reports on gene rearrangements are limited. The aim of this study was to determine if ALK status between primary tumour and matched metastasis differs. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifteen ALK fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) rearranged and 19 non-ALK FISH rearranged adenocarcinomas were collected retrospectively based on availability of tissue from a matched metastatic site. Sixty-eight samples were tested by ALK FISH (Vysis ALK break-apart FISH kit) and ALK immunohistochemistry (IHC) (Ventana ALK D5F3 CDx assay). Overall agreement of FISH and IHC was 88%, with IHC showing 100% specificity and 71% sensitivity. Concordance between primary site and metastasis by ALK FISH was seen in 30 cases (88%), and in 32 cases (94%) by ALK IHC. Five discordant cases were found (15%). Three ALK FISH discordant cases had low percentage of ALK FISH-positive tumour cells (average 23%, range: 18-31%) and all were negative by ALK IHC. One IHC discordant case had a high percentage of ALK FISH-positive tumour cells (67%), and was ALK IHC-negative. One FISH discordant case showed ALK FISH- and ALK IHC-positive primary tumour, but ALK FISH- and ALK IHC-negative metastasis. CONCLUSIONS ALK FISH results show more frequent discordances between primary tumour and matched metastases than ALK IHC, due probably to technical challenges and sample quality. This observation indicates that the quality of sample and technical expertise of the laboratory should guide the decision about ALK testing in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alyssa Luvison
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Caitlyn Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sanja Dacic
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Socinski MA, Pennell NA. Best Practices in Treatment Selection for Patients With Advanced NSCLC. Cancer Control 2017; 23:2-14. [PMID: 27842052 DOI: 10.1177/1073274816023004s01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, lung cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer, and its non-small-cell subtype constitutes up to 85% of cases. Overall, lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States for both sexes, and its 5-year survival rate is 17%. It is a heterogeneous disease characterized by a variety of biomarkers and differing histologies. Non-small-cell lung cancer may be squamous or nonsquamous in nature and fueled by a number of oncodrivers. Obtaining sufficient tissue during biopsy to perform thorough biomarker testing is a challenge but essential for the modern, targeted therapeutic environment. Although platinum-based doublets still play a major role in first-line treatment, novel therapeutic agent targeting BRAF, EGFR, ALK, and ROS1, as well as agents targeting the T790M mutation, may offer options for patients whose disease fails to respond to initial therapy or relapses following an initial response. The emergence of immunotherapy as second-line standard therapy has changed the treatment paradigm. Some patients will have more favorable outcomes in the first-line setting with immunotherapy. However, managing lung cancer has become more complex than it was 15 years ago when the challenge of treatment was seen as being only binary, ie, small-cell vs non-small-cell disease.
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25
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Wang W, Lv J, Wang L, Wang X, Ye L. The impact of heterogeneity in phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway in human cancer and possible therapeutic treatments. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 64:116-124. [PMID: 27582428 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) plays a crucial role in the initiation and progress of cancerous tumors through the overexpression of the PI3K pathway promoting uncontrollable levels of cell proliferation. In addition only Class I PI3K has been discovered to be involved in human cancer due to its unique ability to produce phosphoinositide 3,4,5 trisphosphate (PIP3), which has been discovered to play a crucial role in human oncogenesis. The role of PIK3CA is lucubrated in breast cancer and gastric cancer, but is not well characterized in lung diseases. In this review, we summarized the common biology and mutations in PIK3CA with its related signaling pathways. Furthermore, we elucidated the PIK3CA heterogeneity in different domains, between various cancers and in different lung cancers. We also take a look at current inhibitors such as KP-372-1 (KP-1), KP-372-2 (KP-2), GSK690693, etc. in order to highlight potential treatment of PIK3CA mutations in human cancer and what directions future research should focus on.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Biomedical Research Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiapei Lv
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Biomedical Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Biomedical Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Biomedical Research Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ling Ye
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Biomedical Research Center, Shanghai, China
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