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Oh A, Pardo M, Rodriguez A, Yu C, Nguyen L, Liang O, Chorzalska A, Dubielecka PM. NF-κB signaling in neoplastic transition from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:291. [PMID: 37853467 PMCID: PMC10585759 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-κB transcription factors are critical regulators of innate and adaptive immunity and major mediators of inflammatory signaling. The NF-κB signaling is dysregulated in a significant number of cancers and drives malignant transformation through maintenance of constitutive pro-survival signaling and downregulation of apoptosis. Overactive NF-κB signaling results in overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and/or growth factors leading to accumulation of proliferative signals together with activation of innate and select adaptive immune cells. This state of chronic inflammation is now thought to be linked to induction of malignant transformation, angiogenesis, metastasis, subversion of adaptive immunity, and therapy resistance. Moreover, accumulating evidence indicates the involvement of NF-κB signaling in induction and maintenance of invasive phenotypes linked to epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. In this review we summarize reported links of NF-κB signaling to sequential steps of transition from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotypes. Understanding the involvement of NF-κB in EMT regulation may contribute to formulating optimized therapeutic strategies in cancer. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Oh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, One Hoppin St., Coro West, Suite 5.01, RI, 02903, Providence, USA
| | - Makayla Pardo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, One Hoppin St., Coro West, Suite 5.01, RI, 02903, Providence, USA
| | - Anaelena Rodriguez
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, One Hoppin St., Coro West, Suite 5.01, RI, 02903, Providence, USA
| | - Connie Yu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, One Hoppin St., Coro West, Suite 5.01, RI, 02903, Providence, USA
| | - Lisa Nguyen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, One Hoppin St., Coro West, Suite 5.01, RI, 02903, Providence, USA
| | - Olin Liang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, One Hoppin St., Coro West, Suite 5.01, RI, 02903, Providence, USA
| | - Anna Chorzalska
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, One Hoppin St., Coro West, Suite 5.01, RI, 02903, Providence, USA
| | - Patrycja M Dubielecka
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, One Hoppin St., Coro West, Suite 5.01, RI, 02903, Providence, USA.
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KUDO A, SAWAHATA H, YOSHIMOTO S, YAMAUCHI A, OSHITA R, KANAI E, TAKAGI S. Evaluation of the influence of the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 / C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 axis on canine mammary gland tumor cell migration. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:837-843. [PMID: 37302847 PMCID: PMC10466059 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) is one of the chemokines that binds to C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) on tumor cell membranes and induces chemotaxis and/or migration. Mammary gland tumors (MGT) are the most common neoplasms in intact female dogs, with local invasion and distant metastasis regarded as problems. However, the influence of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis on canine MGT cell migration has not been elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in canine MGT cells and tissues and investigate the influence of CXCL12 protein on the migratory ability of MGT cells. CXCL12 expression was evaluated in 10 canine malignant MGT tissues. CXCL12 expression in tumor cells was identified in all examined tissues; however, the staining pattern and intensity differed between the tumors. Immunocytochemistry revealed three canine MGT cell lines as CXCR4-positive. Migratory ability was evaluated using a wound healing assay, and the migration of CXCR4-positive MGT cells was significantly activated by the addition of CXCL12 protein. This influence was canceled by pre-treatment with a CXCR4 antagonist. The results of our study suggest that the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis may be associated with the migration of canine MGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano KUDO
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki SAWAHATA
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sho YOSHIMOTO
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine,
School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Akinori YAMAUCHI
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryo OSHITA
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eiichi KANAI
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Azabu University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of
Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi TAKAGI
- Laboratory of Small Animal Surgery, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Azabu University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of
Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
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3
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Litak J, Czyżewski W, Szymoniuk M, Sakwa L, Pasierb B, Litak J, Hoffman Z, Kamieniak P, Roliński J. Biological and Clinical Aspects of Metastatic Spinal Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194599. [PMID: 36230523 PMCID: PMC9559304 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Spine metastases are a common life-threatening complication of advanced-stage malignancies and often result in poor prognosis. Symptomatic spine metastases develop in the course of about 10% of malignant neoplasms. Therefore, it is essential for contemporary medicine to understand metastatic processes in order to find appropriate, targeted therapeutic options. Our literature review aimed to describe the up-to-date knowledge about the molecular pathways and biomarkers engaged in the spine’s metastatic processes. Moreover, we described current data regarding bone-targeted treatment, the emerging targeted therapies, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy used for the treatment of spine metastases. We hope that knowledge comprehensively presented in our review will contribute to the development of novel drugs targeting specific biomarkers and pathways. The more we learn about the molecular aspects of cancer metastasis, the easier it will be to look for treatment methods that will allow us to precisely kill tumor cells. Abstract Spine metastases are a common life-threatening complication of advanced-stage malignancies and often result in poor prognosis. Symptomatic spine metastases develop in the course of about 10% of malignant neoplasms. Therefore, it is essential for contemporary medicine to understand metastatic processes in order to find appropriate, targeted therapeutic options. Thanks to continuous research, there appears more and more detailed knowledge about cancer and metastasis, but these transformations are extremely complicated, e.g., due to the complexity of reactions, the variety of places where they occur, or the participation of both tumor cells and host cells in these transitions. The right target points in tumor metastasis mechanisms are still being researched; that will help us in the proper diagnosis as well as in finding the right treatment. In this literature review, we described the current knowledge about the molecular pathways and biomarkers engaged in metastatic processes involving the spine. We also presented a current bone-targeted treatment for spine metastases and the emerging therapies targeting the discussed molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Litak
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Czyżewski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Szymoniuk
- Student Scientific Association at the Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Leon Sakwa
- Student Scientific Society, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technologies and Humanities in Radom, Chrobrego 27, 26-600 Radom, Poland
| | - Barbara Pasierb
- Department of Dermatology, Radom Specialist Hospital, Lekarska 4, 26-600 Radom, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Litak
- St. John’s Cancer Center in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 7, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Zofia Hoffman
- Student Scientific Society, Medical University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Budi HS, Ahmad FN, Achmad H, Ansari MJ, Mikhailova MV, Suksatan W, Chupradit S, Shomali N, Marofi F. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) for tumor immunotherapy; recent progress. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:40. [PMID: 35093187 PMCID: PMC8800342 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the overexpression or amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) with poor prognosis in a myriad of human tumors, recent studies have focused on HER2-targeted therapies. Deregulation in HER2 signaling pathways is accompanied by sustained tumor cells growth concomitant with their migration and also tumor angiogenesis and metastasis by stimulation of proliferation of a network of blood vessels. A large number of studies have provided clear evidence that the emerging HER2-directed treatments could be the outcome of patients suffering from HER2 positive breast and also gastric/gastroesophageal cancers. Thanks to its great anti-tumor competence, immunotherapy using HER2-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) expressing immune cell has recently attracted increasing attention. Human T cells and also natural killer (NK) cells can largely be found in the tumor microenvironment, mainly contributing to the tumor immune surveillance. Such properties make them perfect candidate for genetically modification to express constructed CARs. Herein, we will describe the potential targets of the HER2 signaling in tumor cells to clarify HER2-mediated tumorigenesis and also discuss recent findings respecting the HER2-specific CAR-expressing immune cells (CAR T and CAR NK cell) for the treatment of HER2-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Setia Budi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132 Indonesia
| | | | - Harun Achmad
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210 Thailand
| | - Supat Chupradit
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Navid Shomali
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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5
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Gameiro A, Urbano AC, Ferreira F. Emerging Biomarkers and Targeted Therapies in Feline Mammary Carcinoma. Vet Sci 2021; 8:164. [PMID: 34437486 PMCID: PMC8402877 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8080164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) is a common aggressive malignancy with a low survival rate that lacks viable therapeutic options beyond mastectomy. Recently, increasing efforts have been made to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying FMC development, using the knowledge gained from studies on human breast cancer to discover new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, thus reinforcing the utility of the cat as a cancer model. In this article, we review the current knowledge on FMC pathogenesis, biomarkers, and prognosis factors and offer new insights into novel therapeutic options for HER2-positive and triple-negative FMC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernando Ferreira
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.G.); (A.C.U.)
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6
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Jokar N, Velikyan I, Ahmadzadehfar H, Rekabpour SJ, Jafari E, Ting HH, Biersack HJ, Assadi M. Theranostic Approach in Breast Cancer: A Treasured Tailor for Future Oncology. Clin Nucl Med 2021; 46:e410-e420. [PMID: 34152118 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Breast cancer is the most frequent invasive malignancy and the second major cause of cancer death in female subjects mostly due to the considerable diagnostic delay and failure of therapeutic strategies. Thus, early diagnosis and possibility to monitor response to the treatment are of utmost importance. Identification of valid biomarkers, in particular new molecular therapeutic targets, that would allow screening, early patient identification, prediction of disease aggressiveness, and monitoring response to the therapeutic regimen has been in the focus of breast cancer research during recent decades. One of the intensively developing fields is nuclear medicine combining molecular diagnostic imaging and subsequent (radio)therapy in the light of theranostics. This review aimed to survey the current status of preclinical and clinical research using theranostic approach in breast cancer patients with potential to translate into conventional treatment strategies alone or in combination with other common treatments, especially in aggressive and resistant types of breast cancer. In addition, we present 5 patients with breast cancer who were refractory or relapsed after conventional therapy while presumably responded to the molecular radiotherapy with 177Lu-trastuzumab (Herceptin), 177Lu-DOTATATE, and 177Lu-FAPI-46.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Jokar
- From the The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy, Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Irina Velikyan
- Section of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Esmail Jafari
- From the The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy, Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hong Hoi Ting
- Nanomab Technology Limited, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Majid Assadi
- From the The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy, Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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7
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Hernández IB, Kromhout JZ, Teske E, Hennink WE, van Nimwegen SA, Oliveira S. Molecular targets for anticancer therapies in companion animals and humans: what can we learn from each other? Theranostics 2021; 11:3882-3897. [PMID: 33664868 PMCID: PMC7914358 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite clinical successes in the treatment of some early stage cancers, it is undeniable that novel and innovative approaches are needed to aid in the fight against cancer. Targeted therapies offer the desirable feature of tumor specificity while sparing healthy tissues, thereby minimizing side effects. However, the success rate of translation of these therapies from the preclinical setting to the clinic is dramatically low, highlighting an important point of necessary improvement in the drug development process in the oncology field. The practice of a comparative oncology approach can address some of the current issues, by introducing companion animals with spontaneous tumors in the linear drug development programs. In this way, animals from the veterinary clinic get access to novel/innovative therapies, otherwise inaccessible, while generating robust data to aid therapy refinement and increase translational success. In this review, we present an overview of targetable membrane proteins expressed in the most well-characterized canine and feline solid cancers, greatly resembling the counterpart human malignancies. We identified particular areas in which a closer collaboration between the human and veterinary clinic would benefit both human and veterinary patients. Considerations and challenges to implement comparative oncology in the development of anticancer targeted therapies are also discussed.
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8
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Howard J, Wyse C, Argyle D, Quinn C, Kelly P, McCann A. Exosomes as Biomarkers of Human and Feline Mammary Tumours; A Comparative Medicine Approach to Unravelling the Aggressiveness of TNBC. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188431. [PMID: 32950643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Comparative oncology is defined as the discipline that integrates naturally occurring cancers seen in veterinary medicine, into more general studies of cancer biology and therapy in humans, including the study of cancer-pathogenesis and new cancer treatments. While experimental studies in mice and rodents offer several advantages, including a wealth of genetic information, reduced variation and short generation intervals, their relevance in cancer biology is somewhat limited. Toward this end, as the biomedical research community works to make the promise of precision medicine a reality, more efficient animal cohort studies are critical. Like humans, companion animals such as cats and dogs living in family homes, are exposed to environmental factors that may influence the development of disease. Furthermore, it has been shown that the basic biochemical and physiological processes of companion animals more closely resemble humans compared to rodents. Research has demonstrated that female domestic cats (Felis catus) may represent a comparative model for investigation of mammary carcinogenesis, and in particular, Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). TNBC is a subtype of breast cancer that typically lacks the expression of the oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and does not overexpress the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). An exciting and rapidly expanding area in cancer biology is the study of exosomes. Exosomes are nanoparticles released from cells and have been found in biological fluids of humans, domestic cats and dogs. In addition to their role as biomarkers, exosomes are implicated in the pathogenesis of certain diseases, including cancer. This review explores the current understanding of exosome biology in human TNBC, and of the potential benefits of comparative research in naturally-occurring mammary tumours in companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Howard
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Cathy Wyse
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David Argyle
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Cecily Quinn
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Department of Histopathology, St. Vincent's University Hospital (SVUH), Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Pamela Kelly
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Amanda McCann
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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9
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Rosen S, Brisson BK, Durham AC, Munroe CM, McNeill CJ, Stefanovski D, Sørenmo KU, Volk SW. Intratumoral collagen signatures predict clinical outcomes in feline mammary carcinoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236516. [PMID: 32776970 PMCID: PMC7416937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Identification of reliable prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets is critical for improving patient outcome. Cancer in companion animals often strongly resembles human cancers and a comparative approach to identify prognostic markers can improve clinical care across species. Feline mammary tumors (FMT) serve as models for extremely aggressive triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) in humans, with high rates of local and distant recurrence after resection. Despite the aggressive clinical behavior of most FMT, current prognostic indicators are insufficient for accurately predicting outcome, similar to human patients. Given significant heterogeneity of mammary tumors, there has been a recent focus on identification of universal tumor-permissive stromal features that can predict biologic behavior and provide therapeutic targets to improve outcome. As in human and canine patients, collagen signatures appear to play a key role in directing mammary tumor behavior in feline patients. We find that patients bearing FMTs with denser collagen, as well as longer, thicker and straighter fibers and less identifiable tumor-stromal boundaries had poorer outcomes, independent of the clinical variables grade and surgical margins. Most importantly, including the collagen parameters increased the predictive power of the clinical model. Thus, our data suggest that similarities with respect to the stromal microenvironment between species may allow this model to predict outcome and develop novel therapeutic targets within the tumor stroma that would benefit both veterinary and human patients with aggressive mammary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Rosen
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Becky K. Brisson
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Amy C. Durham
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Clare M. Munroe
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Conor J. McNeill
- Hope Advanced Veterinary Center, Vienna, VA, United States of America
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States of America
| | - Karin U. Sørenmo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Susan W. Volk
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Mortezaee K. CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in the microenvironment of solid tumors: A critical mediator of metastasis. Life Sci 2020; 249:117534. [PMID: 32156548 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumors are dynamic tissue masses, so requiring continuous exposure to the host cells, nurturing them into pave a path for tumor growth and metastasis. C-X-C chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12)/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is the key signaling for such aim. Gathering knowledge about the activity within this axis would deepen our insight into the utmost importance this signaling taken to attract and cross-connect multiple cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) aiming for tumor progression and metastasis. The concept behind this review is to underscore the multi-tasking roles taken by CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling in tumor metastasis, and to also suggest some strategies to target the activities within this axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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11
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Yang X, Lu Q, Xu Y, Liu C, Sun Q. Clinicopathologic significance of CXCR4 expressions in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 216:152787. [PMID: 31859114 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was designed to investigate the biological function of CXCR4 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and to explore the underlying mechanism to provide potential targets for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS A total of 101 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were included, and the relationship between CXCR4 and clinicopathological factors was analyzed. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to observe numbers of autophagosomes in TE-1 cell line and the ability of proliferation and invasion were evaluated meanwhile. RESULTS CXCR4 is overexpressed in ESCC specimens and is associated with poor differentiation and lymphocyte metastasis. In the survival analysis, CXCR4 predicted a poor overall survival prognosis. The number of autophagosomes in the siR-CXCR4 group was decreased compared with negative group (P < 0.05), while was increased in the pcDNA3.1-CXCR4 group (P < 0.05).Western blot result show upregulation of LC3II, the ratio of LC3II/LC3I and Beclin1 in pcDNA3.1-CXCR4 group and decreased expression of LC3II, the ratio of LC3II/LC3I and Beclin1 in siR-CXCR4 group. Transwell assay show CXCR4 overexpression promote the invasion of TE-1 cells and was attenuated by autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine.On the contrary, invasion cell numbers decreased in siR-CXCR4 group and was rescued by autophagy inducer Rapamycin. CONCLUSION CXCR4 is an indicator of poor prognosis for ESCC. CXCR4 promote autophagy and regulate cell invasion through autophagy in ESCC. Our study provides new insights for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and CXCR4 may serve as a therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Yang
- Department ofPathology, The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingyang Lu
- Department of Pathology, LiaoCheng People's Hospital, LiaoCheng, China
| | - Yunfei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China
| | - Can Liu
- Shandong University Medical School, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Department ofPathology, The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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12
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Liu N, Wan Q, Cheng Z, Chen Y. Radionuclide-Labeled Peptides for Imaging and Treatment of CXCR4- Overexpressing Malignant Tumors. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:17-32. [PMID: 30706786 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190201094952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant tumors are a major cause of death. The lack of methods that provide an early diagnosis and adequate treatment of cancers is the main obstacle to precision medicine. The C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is overexpressed in various tumors and plays a key role in tumor pathogenesis. Therefore, CXCR4-targeted molecular imaging can quickly and accurately detect and quantify CXCR4 abnormalities in real time. The expression level and activation status of CXCR4 are very important for screening susceptible populations and providing an accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment. In view of the fact that radionuclide-labeled peptides have become widely used for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors, this manuscript reviews the potential of different radionuclide-labeled peptide inhibitors for the targeted imaging of CXCR4- positive tumors and targeted treatment. The article also discusses the specificity and in vivo distribution of radionuclide-labeled peptide inhibitors, and translation of these inhibitors to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping St, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No.25, Taiping St, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping St, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No.25, Taiping St, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, 1201 Welch Road, Lucas Expansion, P095 Stanford University, California, United States
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping St, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No.25, Taiping St, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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