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Li Q, Sun Y, Zhao H, Zhang F, Guo Y, Chen X, Zhao G. Structure and properties of the acellular porcine cornea irradiated with 60Co-γ and electron beam and its histocompatibility. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:825-840. [PMID: 38158889 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Acellular porcine cornea (APC) has been used in corneal transplantation and treatment of the corneal diseases. Sterilization is a key step before the application of graft, and irradiation is one of the most commonly used methods. In this paper, APC was prepared by the physical freeze-thawing combined with biological enzymes, and the effects of the electron beam (E-beam) and cobalt 60 (60Co-γ) at the dose of 15 kGy on the physicochemical properties, structure, immunogenicity, and biocompatibility of the APC were investigated. After decellularization, the residual DNA was 20.86 ± 1.02 ng/mg, and the α-Gal clearance rate was more than 99%. Irradiation, especially the 60Co-γ, reduced the cornea's transmittance, elastic modulus, enzymatic hydrolysis rate, swelling ratio, and cross-linking degree. Meanwhile, the diameter and spacing of the collagen fibers increased. In the rat subcutaneous implantation, many inflammatory cells appeared in the unirradiated APC, while the irradiated had good histocompatibility, but the degradation was faster. The lamellar keratoplasty in rabbits indicated that compared to the E-beam, the 60Co-γ damaged the chemical bond of collagen to a larger extent, reduced the content of GAGs, and prolonged the complete epithelization of the grafts. The corneal edema was more serious within 1 month after the surgery. After 2 months, the thickness of the APC with the two irradiation methods tended to be stable, but that in the 60Co-γ group became thinner. The pathological results showed that the collagen structure was looser and the pores were larger, indicating the 60Co-γ had a more extensive effect on the APC than the E-beam at 15 kGy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yajun Sun
- Qingdao Chunghao Tissue Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Haibin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guoqun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Yasir ZH, Sharma R, Zakir SM. Scleral collagen cross linkage in progressive myopia. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:174-180. [PMID: 38153964 PMCID: PMC10941927 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1392_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High myopia is often associated with local ectasia and scleral thinning. The progression of myopia depends upon scleral biochemical and biomechanical properties. Scleral thinning is associated with decreased collagen fiber diameter, defective collagen fibrillogenesis, and collagen cross-linking. Reversing these abnormalities may make the sclera tougher and might serve as a treatment option for myopic progression. Collagen cross-linking is a natural process in the cornea and sclera, which makes the structure stiff. Exogenous collagen cross-linkage is artificially induced with the help of external mediators by using light and dark methods. In this systematic review, we discussed existing literature available on the internet on current evidence-based applications of scleral collagen cross-linking (SXL) by using different interventions. In addition, we compared them in tabular form in terms of their technique, mechanisms, cytotoxicity, and the stage of transition from preclinical to clinical development. Furthermore, we discussed the in-vivo technique to evaluate the post-SXL scleral biomechanical property and outcome in the human eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziaul H Yasir
- Department of Ophthalmology, T. S. Misra Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, T. S. Misra Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shaik M Zakir
- Department of Ophthalmology, J. N. Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Steitz M, Zouhair S, Khan MB, Breitenstein-Attach A, Fritsch K, Tuladhar SR, Wulsten D, Wolkers WF, Sun X, Hao Y, Emeis J, Lange HE, Berger F, Schmitt B. A Glutaraldehyde-Free Crosslinking Method for the Treatment of Collagen-Based Biomaterials for Clinical Application. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1247. [PMID: 38002371 PMCID: PMC10669889 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological bioprostheses such as grafts, patches, and heart valves are often derived from biological tissue like the pericardium. These bioprostheses can be of xenogenic, allogeneic, or autologous origin. Irrespective of their origin, all types are pre-treated via crosslinking to render the tissue non-antigenic and mechanically strong or to minimize degradation. The most widely used crosslinking agent is glutaraldehyde. However, glutaraldehyde-treated tissue is prone to calcification, inflammatory degradation, and mechanical injury, and it is incapable of matrix regeneration, leading to structural degeneration over time. In this work, we are investigating an alternative crosslinking method for an intraoperative application. The treated tissue's crosslinking degree was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry. To confirm the findings, a collagenase assay was conducted. Uniaxial tensile testing was used to assess the tissue's mechanical properties. To support the findings, the treated tissue was visualized using two-photon microscopy. Additionally, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to study the overall protein secondary structure. Finally, a crosslinking procedure was identified for intraoperative processing. The samples showed a significant increase in thermal and enzymatic stability after treatment compared to the control, with a difference of up to 22.2 °C and 100%, respectively. Also, the tissue showed similar biomechanics to glutaraldehyde-treated tissue, showing greater extensibility, a higher failure strain, and a lower ultimate tensile strength than the control. The significant difference in the structure band ratio after treatment is proof of the introduction of additional crosslinks compared to the untreated control with regard to differences in the amide-I region. The microscopic images support these findings, showing an alteration of the fiber orientation after treatment. For collagen-based biomaterials, such as pericardial tissue, the novel phenolic crosslinking agent proved to be an equivalent alternative to glutaraldehyde regarding tissue characteristics. Although long-term studies must be performed to investigate superiority in terms of longevity and calcification, our novel crosslinking agent can be applied in concentrations of 1.5% or 2.0% for the treatment of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Steitz
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center Berlin (Charité), D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Charité University Medicine Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, D-10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabra Zouhair
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Charité University Medicine Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mahamuda Badhon Khan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Charité University Medicine Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Breitenstein-Attach
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center Berlin (Charité), D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Charité University Medicine Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, D-10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Fritsch
- Department Dynamics and Transport in Quantum Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sugat Ratna Tuladhar
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dag Wulsten
- Julius Wolff Institute—Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics and Regeneration, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Willem-Frederik Wolkers
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center Berlin (Charité), D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, D-10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yimeng Hao
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Charité University Medicine Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jasper Emeis
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Charité University Medicine Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-E. Lange
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Charité University Medicine Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Berger
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center Berlin (Charité), D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Charité University Medicine Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, D-10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Schmitt
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center Berlin (Charité), D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Charité University Medicine Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, D-10785 Berlin, Germany
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Sun X, Yan X, Chen D, Liu X, Wu Y. Efficacy and safety of microbial transglutaminase-induced scleral stiffening invivo. Exp Eye Res 2023; 227:109387. [PMID: 36646298 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of microbial transglutaminases (mTGases) during scleral collagen cross-linking (CXL) in vivo. Sixteen New Zealand white albino rabbits were treated with sub-Tenon's injections of 2 ml of 1 U/ml mTGases in the right eye and 2 ml of phosphate buffer saline (PBS) in the left eye. The rabbits were killed 2 weeks after the injection, and all eyeballs, including some scleral strips, were processed. The elastic modulus was measured with a biomaterials tester. Histopathological analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used for the morphological observations. The elastic modulus of the mTGase-treated sclera was 15.79 ± 2.93 MPa, and that of the control was 6.91 ± 2.23 MPa, indicating an increase of 129% after the mTGases treatment (P < 0.05). The density of the scleral collagen bundles and diameter of the collagen fibrils increased compared with those in the control group. No apoptosis was detected in the retina or posterior sclera by TUNEL staining, and no histological damage was observed on the TEM scan. This study is based on a short-term study on animal models. These results indicate that mTGase-mediated scleral CXL is a promising approach to effectively stiffen the sclera and safe enough for retina, and may be a useful treatment modality for strengthening scleral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiaoming Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Duo Chen
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China.
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Zhao F, Zhou H, Chen W, Zhao C, Zheng Y, Tao Y, Pan M, Reinach PS, Zhu J, An J, Lu R, Chen JF, Tang H, Zeng C, Qu J, Zhou X. Declines in PDE4B activity promote myopia progression through downregulation of scleral collagen expression. Exp Eye Res 2021; 212:108758. [PMID: 34506801 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Myopia is the most common cause of a visual refractive error worldwide. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-linked signaling pathways contribute to the regulation of myopia development, and increases in cAMP accumulation promote myopia progression. To pinpoint the underlying mechanisms by which cAMP modulates myopia progression, we performed scleral transcriptome sequencing analysis in form-deprived mice, a well-established model of myopia development. Form deprivation significantly inhibited the expression levels of genes in the cAMP catabolic pathway. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis validated that the gene expression level of phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B), a cAMP hydrolase, was downregulated in form-deprived mouse eyes. Under visually unobstructed conditions, loss of PDE4B function in Pde4b-knockout mice increased the myopic shift in refraction, -3.661 ± 1.071 diopters, more than that in the Pde4b-wildtype littermates (P < 0.05). This suggests that downregulation and inhibition of PDE4B gives rise to myopia. In guinea pigs, subconjunctival injection of rolipram, a selective inhibitor of PDE4, led to myopia in normal eyes, and it also enhanced form-deprivation myopia (FDM). Subconjunctival injection of dibutyryl-cyclic adenosine monophosphate, a cAMP analog, induced only a myopic shift in the normal visually unobstructed eyes, but it did not enhance FDM. As myopia developed, axial elongation occurred during scleral remodeling that was correlated with changes in collagen fibril thickness and distribution. The median collagen fibril diameter in the FDM + rolipram group, 55.09 ± 1.83 nm, was thinner than in the FDM + vehicle group, 59.33 ± 2.06 nm (P = 0.011). Thus, inhibition of PDE4 activity with rolipram thinned the collagen fibril diameter relative to the vehicle treatment in form-deprived eyes. Rolipram also inhibited increases in collagen synthesis induced by TGF-β2 in cultured human scleral fibroblasts. The current results further support a role for PDE enzymes such as PDE4B in the regulation of normal refractive development and myopia because either loss or inhibition of PDE4B function increased myopia and FDM development through declines in the scleral collagen fibril diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxin Zhao
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hui Zhou
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangyang Zheng
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yijin Tao
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miaozhen Pan
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peter S Reinach
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiadi Zhu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhong An
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Runxia Lu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huifang Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changqing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Qu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Research Unit of Myopia Basic Research and Clinical Prevention and Control, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU025), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangtian Zhou
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Research Unit of Myopia Basic Research and Clinical Prevention and Control, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU025), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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