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Alsafar FA, Alsaad AJ, Albukhaytan WA. Prevalence of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among medical students in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2024; 45:397-404. [PMID: 38657995 PMCID: PMC11147571 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.4.20230841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine and compare the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms among male and female medical students in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia and evaluate the effect of ADHD on the academic performance of the affected medical students. METHODS This cross-sectional study measured the prevalence of adult ADHD symptoms among medical students in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. A total of 354 Saudi medical students from King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, and Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, participated in a self-reported questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed on different social media platforms from December 2021 to April 2022. RESULTS Among the study participants, 26% exhibited symptoms highly consistent with adult ADHD. Young age (<20 years, p=0.049) and non-marital status (p=0.048) were associated with a higher rate of ADHD symptoms with recorded statistical significance. Additionally, there is no significant association between grade point average and adult ADHD (p=0.560). CONCLUSION The study demonstrated a higher prevalence of adult ADHD among medical students in the Eastern Province than the reported rates locally and globally. This could be attributed to social and cultural factors, as well as the chosen method for assessing the symptoms of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah A. Alsafar
- From the Department of Pediatric (Alsafar), Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, from the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (Alsaad); and from the Medical College (Albukhaytan), King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali J. Alsaad
- From the Department of Pediatric (Alsafar), Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, from the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (Alsaad); and from the Medical College (Albukhaytan), King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Walaa A. Albukhaytan
- From the Department of Pediatric (Alsafar), Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, from the Department of Clinical Neuroscience (Alsaad); and from the Medical College (Albukhaytan), King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Yingchankul N, Panuspanudechdamrong C, Techapipatchai N, Chanmuang T, Netsiri P, Karawekpanyawong N, Tanasombatkul K, Phinyo P. Is the Consumption of Added Sugar from Common Beverages Associated with the Presence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Thai Medical Students? Nutrients 2023; 15:4395. [PMID: 37892470 PMCID: PMC10610093 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) significantly affects the well-being of medical students in various aspects. Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) pose a potential risk of ADHD. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of ADHD symptoms and the association between consumption of added sugar in common beverages and ADHD symptoms in Thai medical students. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical students at Chiang Mai University from May 2022 to April 2023. The consumption of added sugar from common beverages in Thailand was assessed using the Thai Adolescence Sugar Sweetened Beverage Intake (THASSI) questionnaire. An Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) score ≥ 3 identified the presence of ADHD symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression was used for the analysis. Of 441 participants, 29.9% had ADHD symptoms. Daily consumption of added sugar from beverages higher than 25 g/day showed an increased risk of ADHD symptoms (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.80, 95%CI 1.15 to 2.84, p = 0.011). The same trend was observed when using the sex-specific cutoff points (adjusted OR 1.73, 95%CI 1.10 to 2.73, p = 0.018). Higher consumption of added sugar from beverages may increase the risk of ADHD symptoms in Thai medical students. This finding supports the implementation of health policies that promote healthy consumption behaviors among medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalinee Yingchankul
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.Y.); (C.P.); (N.T.); (T.C.); (P.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Chompimaksorn Panuspanudechdamrong
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.Y.); (C.P.); (N.T.); (T.C.); (P.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Nuthakul Techapipatchai
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.Y.); (C.P.); (N.T.); (T.C.); (P.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Tiphakorn Chanmuang
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.Y.); (C.P.); (N.T.); (T.C.); (P.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Pintira Netsiri
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.Y.); (C.P.); (N.T.); (T.C.); (P.N.); (K.T.)
| | | | - Krittai Tanasombatkul
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.Y.); (C.P.); (N.T.); (T.C.); (P.N.); (K.T.)
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Phichayut Phinyo
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.Y.); (C.P.); (N.T.); (T.C.); (P.N.); (K.T.)
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research (MSTR), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Morley E, Tyrrell A. Exploring Female Students' Experiences of ADHD and its Impact on Social, Academic, and Psychological Functioning. J Atten Disord 2023; 27:1129-1155. [PMID: 37122244 PMCID: PMC10302366 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231168432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of research is to provide greater understanding of ADHD in adult females by exploring first-hand experiences of female university students with ADHD in the UK, and the impact of such experiences on social, academic, and psychological functioning. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight adult women attending university in the UK-all clinically diagnosed with ADHD during adulthood. RESULTS Participants experiences were rich and insightful, identifying that many women with ADHD experience stigmatization and social discrimination, amongst other social, academic, and psychological difficulties. CONCLUSION Overall, the research identifies the pressing need for greater understanding and appreciation of ADHD in females, particularly amongst health professionals.
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Álvarez-Godos M, Ferreira C, Vieira MJ. A systematic review of actions aimed at university students with ADHD. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1216692. [PMID: 37484095 PMCID: PMC10361779 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1216692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
University students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) need to have a range of actions at their disposal that are tailored to their needs. The aim of this study is to analyse the actions of support for university students with ADHD by means of a systematic review of ERIC, WOS, and Scopus from 2017 to 2022, following the PICOC and PRISMA guidelines. A sample of 24 studies are analysed through the MAXQDA 2022 software. The results show two types of studies, on the one hand, supporting actions offered directly by universities to their students and, on the other, intervention programs from which university students have benefit but outside the university settings. Concerning the first type, universities mainly offer accommodations linked to exams, tutoring and online courses adapted to ADHD students. About the second type, programmes focused on cognitive-behavioural therapy, coaching and mindfulness have proven to be useful with ADHD university students. In this sense, further research is needed to analyze the viability of including these intervention programs for ADHD students at universities.
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Müller V, Mellor D, Piko BF. How to Procrastinate Productively With ADHD: A Study of Smartphone Use, Depression, and Other Academic Variables Among University Students With ADHD Symptoms. J Atten Disord 2023:10870547231171724. [PMID: 37119209 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231171724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between chemical dependency and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is widely recognized, but there is less data regarding modern behavioral addictions among young adults. METHOD In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 408 Hungarian college students (67.2% female, mean age 23.37 years [SD = 3.87]) responded to an online survey including the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), the Procrastination Scale, the Short College Boredom Scale, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV). RESULTS Regression analyses showed that passive procrastination (ß = .31, p < .001), depression (ß = .20, p < .001), academic boredom (ß = .18, p < .001), active procrastination (ß = -.12, p < .001), and smartphone addiction (ß = .13, p < .001) were significantly related to ADHD symptoms, accounting for 41% of the variance. CONCLUSION Findings provide important additions to knowledge of mental health challenges among young adults with ADHD.
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Riboldi I, Crocamo C, Callovini T, Capogrosso CA, Piacenti S, Calabrese A, Lucini Paioni S, Moretti F, Bartoli F, Carrà G. Testing the Impact of Depressive and Anxiety Features on the Association between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Academic Performance among University Students: A Mediation Analysis. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091155. [PMID: 36138891 PMCID: PMC9496751 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with poor academic performance also among university students. This relationship may be made more complex by comorbid conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mediating role of anxiety and depressive symptoms in the relationship between ADHD and academic performance. Data were drawn from the CAMPUS study (registration number: 0058642/21), an ongoing survey on university students’ mental health. Using a logit model, mediation analyses were carried out to test whether the relationship between ADHD symptoms (assessed by ASRS-5) and academic performance might be mediated by depressive (assessed by PHQ-9) and anxiety (assessed by GAD-7) symptoms. Our results showed that worse academic performance is associated with ADHD symptoms (p < 0.001). However, about 24% of the overall association between ADHD symptoms and academic performance was mediated by depressive symptoms (indirect effect: 0.065, 95%CI 0.022; 0.100), whereas the contribution of anxiety symptoms to the model was not significant. Along with the association between ADHD symptoms and poor academic performance, our findings highlight the key mediating role of depressive symptoms, which may be targeted with tailored support, ultimately improving both the academic performance and the well-being of university students with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Riboldi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-5799-8647
| | - Cristina Crocamo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Tommaso Callovini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | | | - Susanna Piacenti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Angela Calabrese
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Susanna Lucini Paioni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Federico Moretti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House 149, London W1T 7BN, UK
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