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Naseeb U, Alam MT, Pervez F, Mustafa MS, Azam U, Laila S, Shafique MA. Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception of Passive Smoking Among Medical and Dental Students of Karachi: A Survey-Based Study. Tob Use Insights 2024; 17:1179173X241258347. [PMID: 38800830 PMCID: PMC11119405 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x241258347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Passive smoking, the involuntary inhalation of tobacco smoke, poses significant health risks; however, its prevalence and impact on medical and dental students in Karachi, Pakistan, remain understudied. Therefore, this research aims to understand the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding passive smoking among medical and dental students and will help shed light on their awareness, perceptions, and behaviours regarding this public health concern. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted over 3 months, involving 378 medical and dental students (303 medical and 75 dental students)from various universities in Karachi. Participants completed a questionnaire to gather information on demographics, awareness of passive smoking, perceptions of its health effects, and actions taken in response to exposure. Results The majority of participants demonstrated awareness of passive smoking 320 (84.7%) and believed that it was essentially linked to active smoking 320 (84.7%). Cigarette smoke was identified as the primary contributor to passive smoking 345 (91.3%). A significant proportion of participants believed that children and pregnant women exposed to passive smoking had elevated health risks. In areas where smoking is not permissible, less than half of the participants 173 (45.8%) reminded smokers about the smoking regulations, and a few even referred smokers for counselling 141 (37.3%). Males are usually indifferent to smokers around them, whereas females are found uncomfortable with smoking in their surroundings. Conclusion In conclusion, our study highlights the persistent prevalence of passive smoking among medical and dental students in Pakistan. Enforcing strict tobacco control policies, integrating passive smoking education into medical curricula, and improving communication strategies for smoking cessation interventions are crucial steps towards creating smoke-free environments and healthier lifestyles nationwide. Despite awareness among medical and dental students about the dangers of cigarette smoking, their reluctance to urge regular smokers to quit underscores the need for improved communication between smokers and non-smokers to foster a cleaner and hazard-free environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Naseeb
- Department of Biochemistry, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Faariah Pervez
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Umama Azam
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sindhu Laila
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Hameed A, Malik D. Clinical study protocol on electronic cigarettes and nicotine pouches for smoking cessation in Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2024; 25:9. [PMID: 38167206 PMCID: PMC10759381 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pakistan is one of most vulnerable low- and middle-income countries with 29 million adult active tobacco users. Smoking cessation services are lacking as the tobacco control initiatives have largely failed to address the smoking endemic. Over the last 5 years, Pakistan has witnessed the use of innovative tobacco harm reduction (THR) products such as e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches. However, their use remains limited. THR products are imported legally as consumer goods and are taxable. The lack of sufficient data for THR and its application is a challenge in gauging their effectiveness in assisting smokers quit combustible smoking. Evidence-based studies can help in measuring the effectiveness of e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches as smoking cessation aids. METHOD Keeping in view the study objectives, a sample size of 600 participants will be sufficient to assess the effectiveness of e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches for smoking cessation in Pakistan. Of these, 200 participants each will receive e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches along with basic care counselling, while the remaining 200 participants will only receive basic care counselling for 48 weeks. The association of participants' characteristics with smoking and health status will be based on the bivariate and multivariate analysis. The simple t-test and variance analysis will assess the differences in intervention indicators between the control and treatment groups. For the inferential analysis, the average treatment impact will be based on the quasi-experimental techniques such as difference in difference (DID) or propensity score matching (PMS). DISCUSSION The study will evaluate the participants at the baseline as they decide the quit date. After every 12 weeks, a follow-up survey with the participants will be conducted. Results are anticipated to inform the public, decision-makers, and researchers about the effects of using e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches in the short- and medium-term periods. Critically, the potential of e-cigarettes and other alternative nicotine delivery systems as smoking cessation aid will be assessed. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05715164 . Registered on February 6, 2023. PROTOCOL VERSION Protocol version 1.0, 14-12-2022 Trial in progress and not yet recruiting participants. Estimated primary data collection date-April 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hameed
- Department of Research, Alternative Research Initiative, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Daud Malik
- Department of Research, Alternative Research Initiative, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Sornpaisarn B, Parvez N, Chatakan W, Thitiprasert W, Precha P, Kongsakol R, Saengow U, Rehm J. Methods and factors influencing successful smoking cessation in Thailand: A case-control study among smokers at the community level. Tob Induc Dis 2022; 20:67. [PMID: 35949928 PMCID: PMC9310060 DOI: 10.18332/tid/150345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bundit Sornpaisarn
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nadia Parvez
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Werayut Chatakan
- Graduate School, Nakhon Sri Thammarat Rajabhat University, Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Weena Thitiprasert
- Association of Innovation for Thailand Development, Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Pattanapong Precha
- Noppitham Hospital, Nakhon Sri Thammarat Provincial Office, Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Ronnachai Kongsakol
- Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Udomsak Saengow
- Center of Excellence in Data Science for Health Study, Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Thailand
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Thailand
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, Mascow, Russian Federation
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Barriers to Cigarette Smoking Cessation in Pakistan: Evidence from Qualitative Analysis. J Smok Cessat 2021; 2021:9592693. [PMID: 34853617 PMCID: PMC8592749 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9592693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With over 25 million tobacco users, Pakistan has one of the largest smoking populations in the world. Tobacco addiction comes with grave health consequences, especially for the poor and marginalized. Objective This study explores barriers to smoking cessation in marginalized communities of Islamabad and the possibility of their use of Harm Reduction Products (HRPs), primarily e-cigarettes. Methodology. The study has used primary data of 48 respondents from marginalized communities. Several domains have been employed to evaluate the barriers to smoking cessation in these communities. Using qualitative technique, data was organized and categorized into objective themes. Conclusion The experience of combustible smoking usually occurs in the 10-20 years' age bracket. Regular smokers in marginalized areas of Islamabad smoke 20 cigarettes or a pack per day. Their choice of cigarette brand is largely driven by affordability. Most smokers have made at least one attempt to quit smoking. Peer pressure and friendship are major barriers to smoking cessation. Lack of knowledge seems to be the major reason for not seeking medical assistance for quitting smoking. Knowledge about HRPs, especially e-cigarettes, can best be described as vague. Higher prices of the alternatives to combustible smoking are a major hurdle preventing their use for smoking cessation.
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Assessing the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Cigarette Smokers and Use of Alternative Nicotine Delivery Systems in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study. ADVANCES IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5555190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. This research has been conducted to assess smokers’ knowledge and behavior vis-à-vis combustible smoking cessation, prevalence, and risk, and the use of alternative nicotine delivery systems to quit smoking. Methods. A mixed-method approach utilizing cross section primary survey data and comprising descriptive and s-KAP index analysis has been adopted to ascertain the relationship between dependent and independent s-KAP variables; the principal component analysis methodology has been used to determine the use of alternative nicotine delivery systems. Results. Most of the smokers were aged between 15 and 35 years. A predominant 69.8% of the smokers came from middle-class background. Moreover, 71.3% were unaware of any alternative Tobacco Harm Reduction product. A majority of the respondents (68.2%) were keen to quit smoking. However, when asked why they had not succeeded, 52.9% reported addiction to nicotine as the main impediment. In Pakistan, lack of smoking cessation services is the weak link in the fight against the tobacco epidemic. Smokers are generally unaware of the Tobacco Harm Reduction products available in Pakistan; moreover, only 10.9% of the respondents were willing to spend more than Rs. 4000 per month on Tobacco Harm Reduction products. The average s-KAP score for young adults below the age of 20 was much lower than the national average but improved with the level of education. Interestingly, the score of smokers who had ever tried to quit smoking was slightly higher than that of those who had never tried to quit. Conclusion. There is intent to quit combustible smoking but the policy and infrastructure necessary for successful quitting are missing. Pakistan needs to concentrate on two fronts: a large scale awareness campaign against the use and harms of combustible smoking and simultaneously providing affordable and accessible smoking services across the country. Pakistan should look at the use and regulation of safer nicotine products in the UK. The country should carefully weigh the options of ensuring how to incorporate the use of safer nicotine delivery systems in its tobacco control efforts.
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Barolia R, Iqbal S, Virani SS, Khan F, Petrucka P. Cigarette smokers' perceptions of smoking cessation and associated factors in Karachi, Pakistan. Public Health Nurs 2021; 39:381-389. [PMID: 34546580 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study explored the perceptions of adult smokers with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases regarding cigarette smoking cessation. We also explored factors that may hinder or facilitate smoking cessation process. DESIGN Qualitative descriptive exploratory design SAMPLE: Purposive sample of 13 adult smokers with cardiovascular or respiratory diseases visiting outpatient cardiac and respiratory clinics at a private tertiary care hospital MEASUREMENTS: In-depth, face-to-face, and semi-structured interviews were conducted. The interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim followed by a six steps process of manual thematic analysis of data. RESULTS Meaningful statements were assigned codes and grouped into categories. Categories were clustered under three themes representing individual factors, socio-cultural factors, and institutional factors. CONCLUSIONS Smoking cessation is influenced by personal, cultural, as well as social aspects. Institutionally, there is a need to recognize that smoking is a learned behavior; hence, prohibiting public smoking will potentially contribute to non-smoking behaviors. Although the nature of misconceptions varies, this is imperative to ensure consistency in messaging, programming, and supports led by healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Barolia
- Clinical Practice, Aga Khan University School of Nursing and Midwifery, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Salim S Virani
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine & Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Faris Khan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Pammla Petrucka
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Aga Khan University School of Nursing and Midwifery, Karachi, Pakistan
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Martins RS, Junaid MU, Khan MS, Aziz N, Fazal ZZ, Umoodi M, Shah F, Khan JA. Factors motivating smoking cessation: a cross-sectional study in a lower-middle-income country. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1419. [PMID: 34275456 PMCID: PMC8286564 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Only one-quarter of smokers in Pakistan attempt to quit smoking, and less than 3% are successful. In the absence of any literature from the country, this study aimed to explore factors motivating and strategies employed in successful smoking cessation attempts in Pakistan, a lower-middle-income country. METHODS A survey was carried out in Karachi, Pakistan, amongst adult (≥ 18 years) former smokers (individuals who had smoked ≥100 cigarettes in their lifetime but who had successfully quit smoking for > 1 month at the time of survey). Multivariable logistic regression, with number of quit attempts (single vs. multiple) as the dependent variable, was performed while adjusting for age, sex, monthly family income, years smoked, cigarettes/day before quitting, and having suffered from a smoking-related health problem. RESULTS Out of 330 former smokers, 50.3% quit successfully on their first attempt with 62.1% quitting "cold turkey". Only 10.9% used a cessation aid (most commonly nicotine replacement therapy: 8.2%). Motivations for quitting included self-health (74.5%), promptings by one's family (43%), and family's health (14.8%). Other social pressures included peer-pressure to quit smoking (31.2%) and social avoidance by non-smokers (22.7%). Successful smoking cessation on one's first attempt was associated with being married (OR: 4.47 [95% CI: 2.32-8.61]), employing an abrupt cessation mode of quitting (4.12 [2.48-6.84]), and telling oneself that one has the willpower to quit (1.68 [1.04-2.71]). CONCLUSION In Pakistan, smoking cessation is motivated by concern for self-health and family's health, family's support, and social pressures. Our results lay a comprehensive foundation for the development of smoking-cessation interventions tailored to the population of the country. IMPLICATIONS Little is known about the patterns and strategies employed by smokers who are attempting to quit smoking, especially in lower-middle-income countries like Pakistan. Likewise, there are very few smoking cessation programs designed to assist in quitting. Our study will allow for a better understanding of the culture-specific motivating factors and strategies that most contributed to successful quit attempts. Based on these results, evidence based smoking cessation interventions can be developed tailored to the socioeconomic demographic of our country and region, including smoking cessation clinics and public outreach and media campaigns highlighting key elements of successful smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Seth Martins
- Medical College, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umer Junaid
- Medical College, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | | | - Namrah Aziz
- Medical College, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Zoha Zahid Fazal
- Medical College, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Mariam Umoodi
- Darul Sehat Hospital, Gulistan-e-Johar, Karachi, 74200, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Shah
- Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Block 3 Clifton, Karachi, 75500, Pakistan
| | - Javaid Ahmed Khan
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
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Fithria F, Adlim M, Jannah SR, Tahlil T. Indonesian adolescents' perspectives on smoking habits: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:82. [PMID: 33413232 PMCID: PMC7791848 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-10090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of smoking among adolescents is high in Indonesia. Therefore, this qualitative research aimed to explore the perspectives of Muslim adolescents on smoking habits as a reference for developing effective prevention programs. Methods Three focus group discussions involving 24 junior high school male students (mean age = 13.75 years) were the main source of data for this phenomenological qualitative study. The discussion guide was developed by the researchers based on the reviewed literature and validated by experts. The research findings were analyzed using an inductive content analysis with systematic steps based on the stages of qualitative data analysis. Results Adolescent perspectives on smoking were grouped into two themes: perception of smoking and smoking-related factors. The perception of smoking encompassed three sub-themes: smoking as a social habit, contradictive feelings, and the Islamic perspective. The smoking-related factors included peer pressure, the parents’ smoking status, masculinity and curiosity. The results indicated that adolescents consider smoking as a social habit but with contradictory feelings. The smoking habit was also stimulated by peer pressure, imitating parents who smoke, feeling masculine and curiosity. Conclusion We suggest that health professionals who are interested in developing smoking prevention programs in Indonesia should consider the adolescent perspective on smoking so that the prevention program will be more effective and appropriate for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fithria Fithria
- Graduate School of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia. .,Department of Family Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
| | - Muhammad Adlim
- Graduate School of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Syarifah Rauzatul Jannah
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Teuku Tahlil
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
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Buczkowski K, Dachtera-Frąckiewicz M, Luszkiewicz D, Klucz K, Sawicka-Powierza J, Marcinowicz L. Reasons for and Scenarios Associated with Failure to Cease Smoking: Results from a Qualitative Study Among Polish Smokers Who Had Unsuccessfully Attempted to Quit. Patient Prefer Adherence 2021; 15:2071-2084. [PMID: 34556977 PMCID: PMC8453429 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s320798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Most smokers attempt to quit smoking, but few are successful. Data regarding the reasons for this relapse and the course of the relapse process may be helpful for determining efficient methods of smoking cessation. This study aimed to identify the causes of and scenarios associated with smoking relapse after effective smoking cessation. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted 20 semi-structured interviews with smokers who had previously unsuccessfully attempted to quit. The data underwent qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Three major themes were identified: reasons for smoking relapse; smoking relapse scenarios; and perception of the influence of personal environments, including family and physicians, on refraining from smoking after cessation. The first theme comprised the following subthemes: insufficient willpower and self-discipline, contact with smokers, exposure to stressful situations, lack of family support, weight gain, and insufficient improvement in one's mental and physical well-being. The second theme contained enjoyable social events, professional life, critical events, and encouragement to smoke from family members. The respondents frequently emphasized the large role of interaction with other smokers. CONCLUSION The predominant factors underlying smoking relapse include insufficient willpower and self-discipline and exposure to stress. The most frequent relapse scenario concerned experiencing negative or positive emotions when interacting with other smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Buczkowski
- Department of Family Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
- Correspondence: Krzysztof Buczkowski Email
| | | | - Dorota Luszkiewicz
- Department of Family Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Klucz
- Department of Family Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | | | - Ludmila Marcinowicz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Maternity Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Mueed A, Khatti S, Ashraf J, Aarij KM, Waqas M, Khan TM. Arrhythmia in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Six-Month Retrospective Analysis From the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases. Cureus 2020; 12:e11322. [PMID: 33304665 PMCID: PMC7720432 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a devastating medical emergency that requires immediate pharmacological and radiological intervention. With the advent of techniques such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), pacemakers, and percussion pacing, survival rates have improved significantly. However, there are certain factors and complications associated with AMI that still lead to a high mortality rate, such as old age, advanced heart disease, diabetes mellitus (DM), and arrhythmias. Factors such as the type of arrhythmia, the heart rate, and the level at which dissociation occurs between atrial and ventricular rhythm all influence mortality and morbidity rates. Outcomes are further influenced by the sex of the patient, the type of AMI [ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)], history of smoking, arrival times at the hospital, presence of hyperglycemia, previous history of cardiac surgery, and the need for a temporary pacemaker or a permanent pacemaker. As with most scientific studies, local data from Pakistan is hard to find on this topic as well. With this study, we hope to contribute valuable information and updates to the study of a developing problem from the developing world. Objective We aimed to analyze the frequency and outcomes of different types of arrhythmia in AMI. Methods This study involved a retrospective observational cohort. It was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Karachi from January 2019 to July 2019 (six months). All data were retrieved from the online database at the NICVD. Written consent was obtained from all patients. Patient confidentiality was ensured at all times. Results A total of 500 patients were included in the study. The mean age of our cohort was 56.17 ±14.01 years. NSTEMI was more prevalent than STEMI. Sinus arrhythmia (SA) was the most frequently recorded arrhythmia and had the best survival rates. Atrioventricular (AV) nodal blocks and ventricular tachycardia (VT) had the worst outcomes. The overall mortality rate was 11.4%, and the mean in-hospital length of stay was 2.07 ±1.54 days. Smoking increased mortality in all cases. Conclusions AMI is complicated by several types of arrhythmia. SA is the most common arrhythmia in AMI. Mortality in AMI is largely due to AV nodal blocks and VT. Smoking increases mortality in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mueed
- Cardiac Electrocardiography, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Shahzad Khatti
- Interventional Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Jibran Ashraf
- Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Khawaja M Aarij
- Noninvasive Imaging, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Interventional Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, PAK
| | - Tariq M Khan
- Cardiac Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, Karachi, PAK
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Li WHC, Ho KY, Xia VW, Wang MP, Lam KKW, Chan SSC, Lam TH. Helping hospitalized smokers in Hong Kong quit smoking by understanding their risk perception, behaviour, and attitudes related to smoking. J Adv Nurs 2019; 75:2167-2177. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - K. Y. Ho
- School of Nursing The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Viveka W. Xia
- School of Nursing The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - M. P. Wang
- School of Nursing The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | | | | | - T. H. Lam
- School of Public Health The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
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