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Kularadhan V, Gan J, Chow EPF, Fairley CK, Ong JJ. HIV and STI Testing Preferences for Men Who Have Sex with Men in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3002. [PMID: 35270694 PMCID: PMC8910668 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19053002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Regular testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI) is recommended at least annually for sexually active men who have sex with men (MSM) in most high-income countries. To encourage regular use of HIV and STI testing and treatment services for MSM, we reviewed the literature to summarise the attributes of an HIV/STI testing service that MSM prefer. Method: We conducted a scoping review, searching PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL in January 2020 for articles reporting primary data on the preferences of MSM (living in high-income countries) for HIV/STI testing services. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts and any discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. We extracted data on the service attributes that MSM preferred and summarised these thematically using a socioecological framework. Results: In total, 1464 publications were identified, 220 full texts were read and 57 were included in the final analysis. We found 21 articles addressing 'individual' attributes, 50 articles addressing 'service' attributes and 17 articles addressing 'societal' attributes. The key themes of preferences for HIV/STI testing services were: (1) the appeal of self-testing due to convenience and privacy; (2) the need to provide a variety of testing options; and (3) the influence of the testing experience, including confidentiality and privacy, tester characteristics and stigma. There were distinct patterns of preferences for subpopulations of MSM across studies, such as the preference of self-testing for young MSM, and of in-clinic testing for those who perceived themselves as high risk (i.e., with symptoms of STIs or exposed to a partner living with HIV). Conclusion: To make HIV/STI testing more accessible for MSM and encourage regular screening, it is important to address 'individual', 'service' and 'societal' attributes, such as enhancing the convenience of testing through self-testing, and providing a service that men feel comfortable and safe accessing. Furthermore, services should accommodate the preferences of diverse sub-populations within the MSM community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joscelyn Gan
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Eric P. F. Chow
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; (E.P.F.C.); (C.K.F.); (J.J.O.)
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Christopher K. Fairley
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; (E.P.F.C.); (C.K.F.); (J.J.O.)
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Jason J. Ong
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; (E.P.F.C.); (C.K.F.); (J.J.O.)
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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