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Sanz-Barbero B, Estévez-García JF, Madrona-Bonastre R, Vicens GR, Serra L, Vives-Cases C. Pornography, sexual orientation and ambivalent sexism in young adults in Spain. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:374. [PMID: 38317123 PMCID: PMC10840255 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND On line platforms offer access to an almost unlimited variety of pornographic material that shows high levels of sexism. Despite this fact, there are still few studies that assess the effect of pornography on sexism in young adults The aim of this study is to analyze the association of pornography consumption and sexual orientation with benevolent sexism (BS) and hostile sexism (HS) in young men and women. METHODS We surveyed 2,346 people aged 18-35 years old. Multiple regression models were carried out for BS and HS. The independent variables: current pornography consumption and sexual orientation. Covariates: socio-demographic variables -age, sex, level of education and place of birth-. RESULTS A) HS: Men who consumed pornography had higher median values of HS than those who did not [β(95%CI):2.39(0.67;4.10)]. Homosexual/ bisexual men displayed lower values of HS than heterosexual men [β(95%CI):-2.98(-4.52;-1.45)]. The increase in HS levels associated with pornography consumption was notably greater in homosexual and bisexual women relative to heterosexual women, where that pattern was not observed [β(95%CI for interaction): 2.27(0.11; 4.43)]. B) BS: Mean values of BS were observed to be lower for both women [β(95%CI):-2.16(-2.99;-1.32)] and men [β(95%CI):-4.30(-5.75;-2.86)] who consumed pornography compared to those who did not. Homosexual/bisexual men recorded mean values of BS lower than heterosexual men [β(95%CI):-3.10(-4.21;-1.99)]. CONCLUSIONS Pornography consumption is related to sexism and differs according to sex and sexual orientation. As sexism is the substratum of inequality between men and women, it is urgent to launch affective-sexual education programs for young people that take into account the determinants of sexism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Sanz-Barbero
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics National School of Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Madrona-Bonastre
- Public Health Research Group, Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, Alicante University, Crta. San Vicente, S/N, 03690, Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.
| | - Gemma Renart Vicens
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Research Group On Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Laura Serra
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Research Group On Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Carmen Vives-Cases
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Research Group, Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, Alicante University, Crta. San Vicente, S/N, 03690, Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
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Price MA, Hollinsaid NL. Future Directions in Mental Health Treatment with Stigmatized Youth. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2022; 51:810-825. [PMID: 36007234 PMCID: PMC9835015 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2022.2109652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Stigma refers to societally-deemed inferiority associated with a circumstance, behavior, status, or identity. It manifests internally, interpersonally, and structurally. Decades of research indicate that all forms of stigma are associated with heightened risk for mental health problems (e.g., depression, PTSD, suicidality) in stigmatized youth (i.e., children, adolescents, and young adults with one or more stigmatized identities, such as youth of Color and transgender youth). Notably, studies find that stigmatized youth living in places with high structural stigma - defined as laws/policies and norms/attitudes that hurt stigmatized people - have a harder time accessing mental health treatment and are less able to benefit from it. In order to reduce youth mental health inequities, it is imperative for our field to better understand, and ultimately address, stigma at each of these levels. To facilitate this endeavor, we briefly review research on stigma and youth mental health treatment, with an emphasis on structural stigma, and present three future directions for research in this area: (1) directly addressing stigma in treatment, (2) training therapists in culturally responsive care, and (3) structural interventions. We conclude with recommendations for best practices in broader mental health treatment research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggi A. Price
- School of Social Work, Boston College, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
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Sanz-Barbero B, Ayala A, Ieracitano F, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Bowes N, De Claire K, Mocanu V, Anton-Paduraru DT, Sánchez-SanSegundo M, Albaladejo-Blázquez N, das Neves ASA, da Silva Queirós AS, Jankowiak B, Waszyńska K, Vives-Cases C. Correction: Effect of the Lights4Violence intervention on the sexism of adolescents in European countries. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:945. [PMID: 35546668 PMCID: PMC9092781 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13360-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Belén Sanz-Barbero
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, -28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Ayala
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, -28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Research Network on Health Services for Chronic Diseases (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francesca Ieracitano
- Department of Human Studies-Communication, Education and Psychology - LUMSA University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Blázquez
- National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicola Bowes
- Department of Applied Psychology, Cardif Metropolitan University, Wales, UK
| | - Karen De Claire
- Department of Applied Psychology, Cardif Metropolitan University, Wales, UK
| | - Veronica Mocanu
- Mother and Child Medicine Deparment, Gr.T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Barbara Jankowiak
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Carmen Vives-Cases
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Health Science, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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