The association between major dietary patterns and severe mental disorders symptoms among a large sample of adults living in central Iran: Baseline data of YaHS-TAMYZ cohort study

The association between lifestyle risk score and mental health in Iranian overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study

Background

Since evidence on the relationship between a combination of lifestyle factors and mental health in the Iranian population is limited, this study employed a cross-sectional design which is a quick and low-cost method to provide more information on the potential association between lifestyle and mental health. This study addresses this gap by focusing on Iranian overweight and obese women.

Methods

This cross-sectional study analyzed 278 Iranian overweight and obese women. A multistage random sampling method was used to recruit the participants. The lifestyle risk score (LRS) was created based on diet, physical activity (PA), sleep, obesity, and sociodemographic characteristics. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between LRS and the odds of depression, anxiety, and stress. Participants were assigned a score of 0 for each healthy behavior and a score of 1 for each unhealthy behavior. A higher LRS indicates an unhealthier lifestyle. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine LRS and the stress and depression anxiety stress scale (DASS).

Results

Significant positive associations between high LRS and moderate and severe depression were found (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there were significant positive associations between higher LRS and mild and extremely severe stress (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This is the first study that examined associations between LRS and total DASS-21 and demonstrated that participants with lower LRS had lower levels of depression and stress. This study highlights the crucial role of healthy lifestyle choices in psychological wellbeing. These findings inform the design of interventions to address mental health disorders in Iran. Further prospective studies, including a larger sample size of both genders, are needed to expand our understanding of lifestyle scores' associations with mental health.

The association between paleolithic diet pattern scores and psychological disorders in Iranian adults

BACKGROUND

There is evidence indicating that the transition from traditional Paleolithic lifestyle to contemporary lifestyle plays a significant impact in the occurrence and widespread of psychological problems. This study aimed to examine the associations between the Paleolithic diet (PD) and the Paleolithic-like lifestyle and the likelihood of psychological issues in adults.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 7165 participants who were enrolled in the Yazd Health Study (YaHS) and Yazd Nutrition Study (TAMYZ). To evaluate the participants' food intake, a reliable 178-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was utilized. The PD score was computed using the food intakes of subjects received from FFQ. The study utilized the authorized Iranian version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS 21) to evaluate psychological illnesses and stress levels.

RESULTS

The mean ± SD of PD and Paleolithic-like lifestyle scores were 38.93 ± 5.27 and 48.48 ± 5.61, respectively. Based on the findings of the present study, after adjusting for potential confounders, it seems that increasing adherence to PD alone or in combination with lifestyle factors significantly reduces the risk of anxiety (OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.49-0.96; P-trend = 0.044 and OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.48-0.96; P-trend = 0.047, respectively). However, significant effects on the risk of depression and stress were not observed.

CONCLUSIONS

Our research indicates that adhering to a Paleolithic diet, either alone or in conjunction with lifestyle factors, significantly reduces the risk of anxiety in the general population.

The association of major dietary patterns with odds and severity of anxiety disorders: a case-control study

BACKGROUND

In the present study, we explored the association between major dietary patterns, odds, and severity of anxiety disorders, which has not been clarified to date.

METHODS

This case-control study was conducted on 85 patients who were group-matched by gender with 170 healthy subjects. Dietary intakes were evaluated applying a 147-item validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Anthropometric data collection was accomplished based on precise clinical assessments. Major dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis (PCA). Multivariate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to investigate the association of the identified dietary patterns with anxiety disorders. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the GAD-7 score and major dietary pattern scores.

RESULTS

Three major dietary patterns were derived through PCA labeled as 'healthy', 'Western', and 'Mixed'. Those in the top tertile of the healthy dietary pattern were less likely to have anxiety disorders (OR =   0.26; 95%CI: 0.10, 0.66), while no significant relationship was found between Western and mixed dietary patterns and the odds of anxiety disorders. The severity of anxiety disorders, assessed by the GAD-7 score, was reduced by higher adherence to healthy dietary pattern (P = 0.003), and increased by greater adherence to mixed (P = 0.002) and Western (P = 0.001) dietary patterns.

CONCLUSION

We provided evidence demonstrating an inverse association of healthy dietary pattern with odds, and severity of anxiety disorders. Also, higher adherence to Western and mixed dietary patterns resulted in greater GAD-7 scores.

Investigating the interaction between major dietary patterns and psychological disorders in association with sleep quality and quantity among Iranian adults: YaHS-TAMYZ study

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to investigate if major dietary patterns (DPs) interact with psychological disorders (PDs) in association with sleep quality and quantity among a large sample of Iranian adults living in Yazd, Iran.

Methods

This cross-sectional investigation was conducted on the baseline data of a population-based Iranian cohort study (Yazd Health Study-Taghzieh Mardom-e-YaZd: YaHS-TAMYZ). All data regarding dietary intakes, PDs, and sleep status were collected via validated questionnaires. The interaction between major DPs and PDs in relation to sleep parameters was determined using multivariable adjusted binary logistic regression.

Results

A total of 6048 adults participated in this study. Compared to subjects with the lowest adherence to each DP and without any severe PDs: a) individuals with the highest adherence to the "western" DP and with severe anxiety had higher risk of "short sleep duration" (P = 0.030) and "insufficient sleep" (P = 0.020); b) subjects in the "western" DP's top tertile and with severe depression had lower chance of having "short sleep duration" (P = 0.029) and "insufficient sleep" (P = 0.029); c) those with the highest adherence to the "high animal protein" DP and with severe anxiety had significantly greater odds of "long sleep duration" (P = 0.044); d) a lower chance of "low sleep quality" was observed in participants in the "high animal protein" DP's top tertile and with severe stress (P = 0.05).

Conclusions

The "western" and "high animal protein" DPs might interact with PDs in association with the quality and duration of sleep. Further investigations are needed to confirm our findings.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-024-01494-4.

The association between healthy eating index-2015 with anthropometric, cardiometabolic and hepatic indices among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

BACKGROUND

Obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders are common problems among participants with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the association between these problems and the healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) remains unknown. Although the HEI-2015 originated from American dietary guidelines, its comprehensive evaluation of diet quality provides valuable insights for various populations, including Iranians. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the association between anthropometric, hepatic, and cardio-metabolic indices with HEI-2015 scores in participants with NAFLD.

METHODS

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Hoveyzeh Cohort Study, which included adults aged 35 to 70 years between 2016 and 2018. A total of 664 participant with NAFLD (452 females and 212 males) were included in the analysis. The HEI-2015 was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Various indices, including the body shape index (ABSI), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), cardiometabolic index (CMI), lipoprotein combine index (LCI), AST/ALT ratio, ALD/NAFLD index, and hepatic steatosis index (HSI), were calculated.

RESULTS

No significant differences were observed in anthropometric, cardio-metabolic, and hepatic indices across the quartiles of HEI-2015. However, among participants with NAFLD, men had significantly higher AIP and LCI levels, while women had significantly higher BMI, ABSI, VAI, LAP, and CMI levels. Additionally, women with NAFLD exhibited higher AST/ALT and HSI levels but lower ALD/NAFLD levels compared to men with NAFLD. Linear regression analysis among men with NAFLD revealed a significant negative correlation between HEI-2015 score and HSI in both the unadjusted model (β=-0.131, SE = 0.058, p = 0.024) and the adjusted model for energy intake (β=-0.129, SE = 0.058, p = 0.028).

CONCLUSION

The present study demonstrated a correlation between lower HEI-2015 scores and an increased risk of steatosis in men with NAFLD. Moreover, our findings highlighted gender-related differences in NAFLD and cardio-metabolic disorders.