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Joachim G, Shih SF, Singh A, Rajamoorthy Y, Harapan H, Chang HY, Lu Y, Wagner AL. Parental vaccine hesitancy and acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine: An internet-based survey in the US and five Asian countries. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002961. [PMID: 38416781 PMCID: PMC10901326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccination rates for children globally are relatively low. This study aimed to investigate parental vaccine hesitancy and parents' acceptance of a COVID-19 for their children for their children in the United States, China, Taiwan, India, Indonesia, and Malaysia.We analyzed data from an opt-in, internet-based cross-sectional study (n = 23,940). Parents were asked about their acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine for their children, and if they would accept the vaccine with different risk and effectiveness profiles for themselves. Poisson regression was used to generate prevalence ratios (PR) of the relationship between vaccine acceptance for a child and vaccine profile, by country and waves and overall. Between August 2020 and June 2021, COVID-19 vaccine acceptance for children decreased in the United States (89% to 72%) and Taiwan (79% to 71%), increased in India (91% to 96%) and Malaysia (81% to 91%), and was stable in Indonesia (86%) and China (at 87%-90%). Vaccine risk and effectiveness profiles did not consistently affect parent's acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine for their children. Instead, being not hesitant was a large driver of vaccine acceptance (PR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.36). Adolescent COVID-19 vaccination have already been established in many high and middle-income countries, but our study suggests that there is a movement of vaccine hesitancy which could impede the success of future pediatric and adolescent COVID-19 vaccination programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Joachim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Shu-Fang Shih
- Department of Health Administration, College of Health Professions, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Awnish Singh
- National Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation Secretariat, National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Tsunami & Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC), Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Hao-Yuan Chang
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yihan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Ministry of Education), Department of Epidemiology, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Abram L. Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Bianchi FP, Stefanizzi P, Cuscianna E, Riformato G, Di Lorenzo A, Giordano P, Germinario CA, Tafuri S. COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among Italian parents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2171185. [PMID: 36698309 PMCID: PMC10012888 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2171185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In May 2021, the Italian government extended the COVID-19 vaccination campaign to 12- to 18-year-old subjects and, starting December 2021, vaccines were also offered to children between 5 and 11 years-old. Despite these efforts, suboptimal vaccination coverages are reported. The purpose of this review is to estimate the proportion of parents/caregivers of children and adolescents expressing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Italy. The vaccine hesitation rate among parents of minors was 55.1% (95%CI: 43.8-66.1%). A higher value was evidenced in studies focusing on children (59.9%; 95%CI = 43.7-75.1%) compared to the ones focusing on adolescents (51.3%; 95%CI = 34.5-68.0%). The main reasons for unwillingness were the belief that the vaccine was unsafe or ineffective, fear of adverse events, and considering COVID-19 a non-threatening disease. The implementation of effective communication campaigns and health educational programs on safe pediatric vaccinations is essential to support strategies to bolster vaccination confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pasquale Stefanizzi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Eustachio Cuscianna
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Riformato
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Lorenzo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Giordano
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Silvio Tafuri
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Ng DLC, Bin Jamalludin MA, Gan XY, Ng SY, Bin Mohamad Rasidin MZ, Felix BA, Jagang NM, Sindeh W, Bin Mohd Abdul Rahim MAH, Tan SB, Chai CS. Public's Willingness to Perform COVID-19 Self-Testing During the Transition to the Endemic Phase in Malaysia - A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2023; 16:2505-2519. [PMID: 38024502 PMCID: PMC10676112 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s439530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Malaysia entered the transition to the endemic phase of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) on 1st April 2022. This study aims to determine the public's willingness to perform COVID-19 self-testing. Factors that influenced their willingness were also assessed. Methods A nationwide, cross-sectional, and population-based study was conducted online in Malaysia from 28th April 2023 to 4th June 2023. Individuals aged 18 years and above were enrolled through the snowball sampling method. Data were analyzed by using the Chi-Square test, independent t-test, and binary logistic regression. Results One thousand four hundred fifty-three responses were included in the analysis. Of these respondents, 89.3% were willing, 4.1% were reluctant, and 6.6% remained hesitant to perform COVID-19 self-testing, The common reasons given by those willing to perform COVID-19 self-testing included being able to self-isolate (99.0%) and seek treatment (96.3%) earlier if tested positive. The common reasons against COVID-19 self-testing included the belief that COVID-19 is equivalent to the common flu (91.7%) and having received the COVID-19 vaccine (78.3%). The isolation policy for COVID-19 was the most significant consideration for those who were still hesitant (85.4%). Women [adjusted odds ratios (OR): 2.1, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 1.44-3.00, p < 0.001], individuals with tertiary education (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.32-3.26, p = 0.002), those vaccinated against COVID-19 (OR: 8.1, 95% CI: 2.63-24.82, p < 0.001), and individuals with prior experience of COVID-19 self-testing (OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 2.84-6.12, p < 0.001) showed a significantly higher willingness to engage in COVID-19 self-testing. Conclusion The public exhibited a high willingness to perform COVID-19 self-testing during the transition to the endemic phase in Malaysia. Future strategies to promote COVID-19 self-testing uptake in Malaysia should focus on vulnerable groups, address the common concerns among those hesitant and reluctant, and highlight the advantages of COVID-19 self-testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana-Leh-Ching Ng
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | | | - Xhi-Yan Gan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew-Yoong Ng
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Beverlyn Anak Felix
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | | | - Woweham Sindeh
- Telupid Health Clinic, Ministry of Health, Beluran, Malaysia
| | | | - Seng-Beng Tan
- Palliative Care Unit, Subang Jaya Medical Center, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Shee Chai
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
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Majzoub RA, Alrofaie OH, Almotreb LK, Alateeq SK, Bin Obaid FR. Parental Hesitancy and Attitude Concerning COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Side Effects in Saudi Arabia, Eastern Region. Cureus 2023; 15:e48776. [PMID: 38024028 PMCID: PMC10644232 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccine hesitancy poses a substantial challenge to the field of public health. There are various factors that influence the willingness of parents to vaccinate their children. Addressing the factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy within the community has the potential to facilitate the development of more effective approaches for global vaccination initiatives. This study aims to assess parents' perspectives regarding the immunization of children aged five to 12 against COVID-19, including their experiences with adverse effects, as well as the factors that influence their hesitancy or acceptance of the vaccine in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Methods A web-based, cross-sectional study utilized an independently administered online questionnaire. The validated questionnaire was distributed to study participants through social networking platforms in order to recruit individuals from various locations in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia, such as Dammam, Al-Hassa, Al-Jubail, Ras Tanura, Dhahran, Al-Khobar, and Al-Qatif. Results The study encompassed a total of 399 participants. The most commonly reported adverse effects among the first and second children were pain at the injection site (1st child: 267 (66.70%), second child: 263 (66.20%)) and fever (1st child: 171 (43.10%), second child: 187 (47.50%)). A significant proportion of the participants, specifically 139 individuals (35%), expressed apprehension regarding immunization. This concern stemmed from various factors, including the fear of experiencing adverse effects, skepticism regarding the vaccine's efficacy, and exposure to potentially harmful information about the vaccine. Ninety-nine participants, accounting for 25% of the sample, indicated their agreement with the safety of COVID-19. Additionally, 104 participants, constituting 26% of the sample, held the belief that receiving vaccination aids in the prevention of severe illnesses caused by COVID-19. Notably, the most prevalent reason for vaccine hesitancy among participants was the fear of experiencing adverse effects. A total of 132 individuals, accounting for 33% of the participants, identified healthcare providers, including physicians and scientists, as reliable and trustworthy sources of vaccine information. A statistically significant correlation was observed between the demographic variables of the participants and their acceptance of the vaccine. Conclusion The study observed an acceptable vaccination rate among children aged five to 12 for the COVID-19 vaccine. Based on the investigation results, the primary apprehension expressed by parents regarding the immunization of their offspring pertained to the potential negative consequences associated with the vaccine. Nonetheless, it was observed that adverse effects were reported in less than fifty percent of vaccinated children. Addressing the concerns pertaining to the COVID-19 vaccination can enhance global participation in the immunization program aimed at mitigating future pandemics.
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Burman J, Roy Choudhury N, Chattopadhyay A, Sembiah S, Karmakar A, Shukla M. Psychological Impact of COVID-19 and Its Influence on Parental Willingness to Vaccinate Children: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kolkata. Cureus 2023; 15:e49585. [PMID: 38156120 PMCID: PMC10754491 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 has affected the physical and mental health of people globally, and vaccination is seen as a crucial tool in controlling the pandemic. However, the readiness to vaccinate children remains a concern, particularly in India. Aim The study aimed to investigate the association between the psychological impact of COVID-19 and willingness to vaccinate their children among attendees of the COVID-19 vaccination clinic at Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College, Kolkata. Method The study used an observational, cross-sectional design and collected data from 356 participants between August and September 2022. The COVID-19 Perceived Stress Scale-10 was used to assess participants' psychological impact, and willingness to vaccinate was determined using a survey. Results Approximately 64% (n=227) and 71% (n=253) of the participants exhibited a high level of perceived stress and willingness to vaccinate their children. The vaccine acceptance was significantly associated with perceived stress level and other factors such as family type, presence of chronic illness, and history of acquaintances suffering from COVID-19. Conclusion The study highlights the importance of addressing parental stress and anxiety to enhance vaccination rates among children. To achieve this, population-level awareness of vaccine safety measures and benefits should be raised to alleviate stress and increase vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayeeta Burman
- Community Medicine, Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay Government Medical College & Hospital, Uluberia, IND
| | | | | | - Sembagamuthu Sembiah
- Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, Kalyani, IND
| | - Anubrata Karmakar
- Community Medicine, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Siliguri, IND
| | - Mukesh Shukla
- Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareli, Raebareli, IND
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Ajose A, Akinde C, Ilo A, Durojaiye T, Shittu Y, Kadiri T, Raheem B, Alamutu MK, Ojo O, Roberts AA. Nigerian parents and caregivers knowledge, attitude and willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1047285. [PMID: 37849715 PMCID: PMC10577425 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1047285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives In order to achieve herd immunity against COVID-19, a significant proportion of the population will need to be vaccinated. Experts have recommended that African children be allowed to get vaccinated to protect them from emerging variants of COVID-19 infection. This study investigated Nigerian parents and caregivers' knowledge, attitude, and willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 once the vaccines are made available to them. Methods A cross-sectional online survey of 500 parents/caregivers was conducted in Nigeria. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire about their sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of and attitude toward COVID-19 infection and vaccination, willingness to vaccinate their child and factors that could influence their decision to vaccinate their child. A scoring system was used to classify the level of knowledge and attitude of participants into 2 categories, namely poor, and good. We analyzed data obtained using SPSS Version 22. Results Majority of the participants were females (63.6%). Analysis of responses revealed good knowledge and attitude in 265 (53.0%) and 266 (53.2%) respondents, respectively. Overall, less than half of the parents/caregivers (48.4%) expressed intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. Factors associated with willingness to vaccinate children against COVID-19 included age greater than 40 years, male gender, residing in Southern Nigeria, having good knowledge, knowing an infected person or a vaccinated person, feeling they or their child is at risk of contracting COVID-19 infection, willingness to vaccinate self against COVID-19 and good attitude. Significant predictors of willingness to vaccinate their child include age greater than 40 years [AOR: 2.56; 95% CI = (1.14-5.76)], willingness to vaccinate self [AOR: 1016.81; 95% CI = (128.51-8045.60)] and good attitude [AOR: 6.21; 95% CI = (2.83-13.64)]. Conclusion This study revealed that parental willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 is low and identified factors influencing it. It is important to develop and implement health education programs iterating the risk of children getting infected with SARS-CoV-2 and its emerging variants to ensure optimal uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine in Nigerian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeezat Ajose
- Research Team, The Neo Child Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Cassandra Akinde
- Research Team, The Neo Child Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
- Team Lead, The Neo Child Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Azizat Ilo
- Research Team, The Neo Child Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Tobi Durojaiye
- Research Team, The Neo Child Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
- Senior Clinical Research Associate, XCene Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf Shittu
- Research Team, The Neo Child Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
- Founder, The Neo Child Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Tolani Kadiri
- Research Team, The Neo Child Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Bisola Raheem
- Research Team, The Neo Child Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Mujidat Kehinde Alamutu
- Research Team, The Neo Child Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
- Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olamide Ojo
- Research Team, The Neo Child Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Alero Ann Roberts
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Harmain ZU, Alkubaisi NA, Hasnain M, Salman M, Baraka MA, Mustafa ZU, Khan YH, Mallhi TH, Meyer JC, Godman B. Awareness and Practices towards Vaccinating Their Children against COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study among Pakistani Parents. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2378. [PMID: 37685412 PMCID: PMC10487428 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11172378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There are typically lower COVID-19 vaccination rates among developing versus higher-income countries, which is exacerbated by greater vaccine hesitancy. However, despite the increasing evidence of safety, parents are still reluctant to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. This is a concern in countries experiencing successive waves, such as Pakistan. Consequently, the objective of this study was to gain better understanding and practice regarding parents vaccinating their children against COVID-19 in Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to measure parents' attitudes towards vaccinating their children. In total, 451 parents participated in the study, giving a response rate of 70.4%; 67.4% were female, 43.2% belonged to the 40-49 years age group, and 47.7% had three children, with 73% of parents fully immunized against COVID-19. We found that 84.7% of parents did not consider COVID-19 to be a very serious issue, and 53.9% considered that their children were not at high risk of COVID-19. Overall, only a quarter of the study participants had currently vaccinated their children and 11.8% were willing to vaccinate their children in the near future. Parents who had a better knowledge of COVID-19, secondary or higher education, children who had chronic illness, and those parents whose children had been infected with COVID-19 were more likely to have their children vaccinated. The most common reasons for vaccine hesitancy were "my child is not at high risk of COVID-19" (61%) and "I am afraid to put/inject a foreign object inside my child's body" (52.2%). Overall, vaccine acceptance was low among the parents of the children. Those parents with higher education, chronic illnesses, greater knowledge of COVID-19 and its vaccines, and those whose children had been infected with COVID-19 were significantly (p < 0.001) inclined towards vaccinating their children. Effective campaigns as well as awareness sessions are needed to address misinformation and reduce vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Ul Harmain
- Department of Medicines, Tehsil Head Quarter (THQ) Hospital, Fortabbas 62020, Pakistan;
| | - Noorah A. Alkubaisi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Hasnain
- Department of Medicine, Tehsil Head Quarter (THQ) Hospital, Kallurkot, Bhakkar 30000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Salman
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Mohamed A. Baraka
- Department of Pharmacy, Fatima College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi 64141, United Arab Emirates
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Zia Ul Mustafa
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacy Services, District Headquarter (DHQ) Hospital, Pakpattan 57400, Pakistan
| | - Yusra Habib Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (Y.H.K.); (T.H.M.)
| | - Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (Y.H.K.); (T.H.M.)
| | - Johanna C. Meyer
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa 0208, South Africa; (J.C.M.); or (B.G.)
- South African Vaccination and Immunisation Centre, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa 0208, South Africa
| | - Brian Godman
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa 0208, South Africa; (J.C.M.); or (B.G.)
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
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Radziejewska J, Arkowski J, Susło R, Kędzierski K, Wawrzyńska M. Analysis of COVID-19 Incidence and Protective Potential of Persisting IgG Class Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Hospital Staff in Poland. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1198. [PMID: 37515014 PMCID: PMC10383555 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune responses to both SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccines are of key importance in prevention efforts. In April and May 2020, 703 study participants tested for COVID-19 by PCR tests were registered. In June and July 2020, they were examined for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG. From October 2020 to January 2021, those among the study population with COVID-19 confirmed by PCR tests were registered, and the same group of participants was invited to be examined again for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. In June 2020, antibodies were detected in only 88% of those who had PCR-confirmed COVID-19 in April-May 2020, which suggests that a significant proportion of persons in the Polish population do not produce antibodies after contact with SARS-CoV-2 antigens or rapidly lose them and reach levels below the lab detection limit. The levels of IgG class anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were significantly lower among people who previously had COVID-19 than for those who had received COVID-19 vaccination, which confirms the high immunogenicity of the vaccines against COVID-19 in the Polish population. The study confirms that a detectable level of IgG class anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies cannot be considered a reliable marker of the presence and strength of COVID-19 immunity preventing individuals from acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacek Arkowski
- Centre for Preclinical Studies, Wrocław Medical University, Ul. Marcinkowskiego 1, 53-220 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Robert Susło
- Epidemiology and Health Education Unit, Population Health Department, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Bujwida 44, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Kędzierski
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Parkowa 34, 51-616 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wawrzyńska
- Centre for Preclinical Studies, Wrocław Medical University, Ul. Marcinkowskiego 1, 53-220 Wroclaw, Poland
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Santi T, Hegar B, Munasir Z, Prayitno A, Werdhani RA, Bandar INS, Jo J, Uswa R, Widia R, Vandenplas Y. Factors associated with parental intention to vaccinate their preschool children against COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey in urban area of Jakarta, Indonesia. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2023; 12:240-248. [PMID: 37599811 PMCID: PMC10435772 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2023.12.3.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We reported a survey-based study assessing the parental intention to vaccinate children of 5 to 7 years old against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study is to assess factors influencing the parental intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. Materials and Methods This study adopted a cross-sectional design, held at the public health center of Senen district, Jakarta, Indonesia from November 1-30, 2022. The off-line questionnaires were distributed via the school administrator to all eligible parents. Factors associated with intention to vaccinate were analyzed with the regression logistic models. Results Of the 435 parents in this study, 215 had already vaccinated their children against COVID-19 (49.4%), and the overall intention of the participants to vaccinate was 69.7%. Factors associated with intention to vaccinate the children against COVID-19 were parental employment status, parental COVID-19 vaccine status and concern of contracting COVID-19. Parents who are employed, had completed vaccines with COVID-19 booster vaccine, and had concern of their children contracting COVID-19 were more likely to vaccinate their children (odds ratio [OR], 2.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-3.69; p=0.011; OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.21-3.83; p=0.013; OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.34-4.30; p=0.004, respectively). Concern on the vaccine's side effects was negatively associated with the willingness to vaccinate. Conclusion This study showed that childhood COVID-19 vaccine only covered half of the population, with parental intentions for childhood COVID-19 vaccination being high, reaching almost two-thirds of the study participants. Factors influencing parental intentions were employment status, parental COVID-19 vaccine status, concerns about COVID-19 and concerns about vaccine side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia Santi
- Doctoral Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Badriul Hegar
- Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Zakiudin Munasir
- Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ari Prayitno
- Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Retno Asti Werdhani
- Department of Community Medicine, Cipto Mangunkkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Juandy Jo
- Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology, Tangerang, Indonesia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Ruswati Uswa
- Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ratna Widia
- Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yvan Vandenplas
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, KidZ Health Castle, Brussel, Belgium
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Marzo RR, Chakraborty R, Soh SY, Thew HZ, Chong C, Siau CS, Abdul Wahab KB, Binti Ariffin IA, Chauhan S, Brackstone K, Padhi BK, Heidler P. Factors influencing parents' hesitancy to vaccinate their children aged 5-11 years old against COVID-19: results from a cross-sectional study in Malaysia. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1091015. [PMID: 37261237 PMCID: PMC10228831 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1091015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vaccination programs have been rolled out across the globe to contain and mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 infection. Until recently, such programs were limited to adults and the older population, thereby limiting children from getting vaccinated. Recently, the Malaysian government rolled out vaccination for children aged 5-11 years. However, there are certain factors that might affect vaccination uptake among children. This study explores factors influencing parents' hesitancy to vaccinate children in Malaysia. Method A nationwide online cross-sectional convenience sampling survey from April 21, 2022 to June 3, 2022 was conducted. The study used descriptive statistics to inform about vaccine hesitancy among parents. Cross-tabulation was performed to calculate the frequency and percentage of vaccine hesitancy, quality of life, e-health literacy, and the 5C psychological antecedents of vaccination among parents with children 5-11 years in Malaysia. Graphical methods were used to portray the levels of e-health literacy and levels of 5C psychological antecedents of vaccination. The study used both bi-variate and multivariate analysis to understand the relationship between vaccine hesitancy and the socio-demo-economic factors, quality of life, e-health literacy and 5C psychological antecedents. Results Of 382 participants, almost one-third (33%) of participants reported vaccine hesitancy for their children. For 5C's psychological antecedents of vaccination, around one quarter (26.96%) reported disagreement for confidence in vaccination, almost half (52.36%) reported disagreement for vaccination complacency, three-fifths (60.99%) reported vaccination constraint, one quarter (25.92%) reported calculation antecedent, and almost one-third reported disagreement over collective responsibility antecedent (25.92%). Chi-square test revealed that gender, employment status, and parents' COVID-19 vaccination status were significantly associated (p<0.05) with vaccine hesitancy among parents. Assessing the influence of transactional e-health literacy, only the communication component contained a significant association (p<0.05). Among the 5C psychological antecedents, confidence, calculation, and collective responsibility were significantly associated (p<0.05) with vaccine hesitancy. Parents with secondary [OR: 8.80; CI: 2.44-31.79, (p<0.05)], post-secondary [OR: 5.21; CI: 2.10-13.41, (p<0.05)], and tertiary education [OR: 6.77; CI: 2.25-20.35, (p<0.05)] had significantly higher likelihood of vaccine hesitancy than those with primary education. Conclusion Highly educated parents are more skeptical and are more likely to perceive the vaccine as unsafe and ineffective for their children. It is critical to disseminate the required information about the vaccine safety to the educated group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Rillera Marzo
- Department of Community Medicine, International Medical School, Management and Science University, Selangor, Malaysia
- Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | | | - Shean Yih Soh
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Putra Malaysia University, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hui Zhu Thew
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Putra Malaysia University, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Collins Chong
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Ching Sin Siau
- Centre for Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairuddin Bin Abdul Wahab
- Department of Community Medicine, International Medical School, Management and Science University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Indang Ariati Binti Ariffin
- Department of Community Medicine, International Medical School, Management and Science University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shekhar Chauhan
- International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, India
| | - Ken Brackstone
- Clinical Informatics Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Bijaya Kumar Padhi
- Asian Institute of Public Health, Bhubaneswar, India
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Petra Heidler
- Institute International Trade and Sustainable Economy, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Department of Health Sciences, St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences, St. Pölten, Austria
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11
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Ganem F, Folch C, Colom-Cadena A, Bordas A, Alonso L, Soriano-Arandes A, Casabona J. Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among students and parents in Sentinel Schools Network of Catalonia, Spain. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282871. [PMID: 36893204 PMCID: PMC9997992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy is defined as a delay in acceptance of vaccines despite its availability, caused by many determinants. Our study presents the key reasons, determinants and characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among students over 16 years and parents of students under 16 years and describe the COVID-19 vaccination among students in the settings of sentinel schools of Catalonia, Spain. This is a cross-sectional study that includes 3,383 students and the parents between October 2021 and January 2022. We describe the student's vaccination status and proceed a univariate and multivariate analysis using a Deletion Substitution Addition (DSA) machine learning algorithm. Vaccination against COVID-19 reached 70.8% in students under 16 years and 95.8% in students over 16 years at the end of the study project. The acceptability among unvaccinated students was 40.9% and 20.8% in October and January, respectively, and among parents was proportionally higher among students aged 5-11 (70.2%) in October and aged 3-4 (47.8%) in January. The key reason to not vaccinate themselves, or their children, were concern about side effects, insufficient research about the effect of the vaccine in children, rapid development of vaccines, necessity for more information and previous infection by SARS-CoV-2. Several variables were associated with refusal end hesitancy. For students, the main ones were risk perception and use of alternative therapies. For parents, the age of students, sociodemographic variables, socioeconomic impact related to the pandemic, and use of alternative therapies were more evident. Monitoring vaccine acceptance and refusal among children and their parents has been important to understand the interaction between different multilevel determinants and we hope it will be useful to improve public health strategies for future interventions in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Ganem
- Centre d’Estudis Epidemiològics Sobre les ITS i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT), Badalona, Spain
- Departament de Pediatria, d’Obstetrícia i Ginecologia i de Medicina Preventiva i de Salut Publica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Cinta Folch
- Centre d’Estudis Epidemiològics Sobre les ITS i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT), Badalona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Andreu Colom-Cadena
- Centre d’Estudis Epidemiològics Sobre les ITS i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT), Badalona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Anna Bordas
- Centre d’Estudis Epidemiològics Sobre les ITS i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT), Badalona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Lucia Alonso
- Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Fundació Lluita Contra les Infeccions, Badalona, Spain
| | - Antoni Soriano-Arandes
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Casabona
- Centre d’Estudis Epidemiològics Sobre les ITS i Sida de Catalunya (CEEISCAT), Badalona, Spain
- Departament de Pediatria, d’Obstetrícia i Ginecologia i de Medicina Preventiva i de Salut Publica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Viskupič F, Wiltse DL. COVID-19 Parental Vaccine Hesitancy Among Nurses in the State of South Dakota. J Community Health 2022; 48:245-251. [PMID: 36370255 PMCID: PMC9652589 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-022-01167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Viskupič
- School of American and Global Studies, South Dakota State University, Brookings, USA.
| | - David L Wiltse
- School of American and Global Studies, South Dakota State University, Brookings, USA
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13
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Parinyarux P, Sunkonkit K, Yotsombut K. Parental COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among parents of children aged 5-18 years in Thailand: a cross-sectional survey study. J Pharm Policy Pract 2022; 15:59. [PMID: 36203192 PMCID: PMC9535229 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-022-00455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To promote an acceptance rate of COVID-19 immunization among Thai children, concerns about parental vaccination hesitancy should be urgently studied. This study aimed to examine the parental COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy (PVh) level and influencing factors among Thai parents of children 5-18 years of age. METHODS This cross-sectional survey was conducted in Thailand during May and June of 2022. The Google forms for data collection were distributed to parents (a father, a mother, or one who nurtures and raises a child) via various online social media. Data regarding PVh level, relevant attitudes, experiences of COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination (EC&V), and family contexts (FC) were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences among groups of parents based on EC&V and FC. The factors influencing PVh were assessed by multiple regression analysis. RESULTS Four hundred and eighty-eight parents completed the online questionnaire. Their median (IQR) age was 41 (35-47) years. They lived in different provinces from all regions across Thailand. Ninety percent of them were authorized persons to make decision about children vaccination. Fifty-eight percent of the respondents had vaccine hesitancy, defined as PVh level at moderate or above. Parents who had ever refused COVID-19 vaccination for themselves or refused to vaccinate their children against any other diseases had statistically significant higher levels of PVh (p value < 0.001). Conversely, the parents who had finished the initial COVID-19 vaccine had lower PVh levels with statistical significance (p value = 0.001). Attitude towards COVID-19 (AC), attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine (AV), and perceived behavioral control (PC) of the parents negatively influenced PVh with statistical significance, according to the results of the multiple regression analysis (Betas = - 0.307, - 0.123, and - 0.232, respectively). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy was commonly found among Thai parents. The factors of the hesitancy were multifaceted. Different experiences regarding COVID-19 vaccination for themselves and any vaccinations for their children were associated with different PVhs. The attitudes especially AC, AV, and PC statistically influenced PVh. These findings should be exploited for national and local policy planning as well as public campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantira Parinyarux
- Department of Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Payap University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kanokkarn Sunkonkit
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kitiyot Yotsombut
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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14
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Khan YH, Rasheed M, Mallhi TH, Salman M, Alzarea AI, Alanazi AS, Alotaibi NH, Khan SUD, Alatawi AD, Butt MH, Alzarea SI, Alharbi KS, Alharthi SS, Algarni MA, Alahmari AK, Almalki ZS, Iqbal MS. Barriers and facilitators of childhood COVID-19 vaccination among parents: A systematic review. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:950406. [PMID: 36507133 PMCID: PMC9731120 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.950406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acceptance of vaccination against COVID-19 among parents of young children plays a significant role in controlling the current pandemic. A wide range of factors that influence vaccine hesitancy in adults has been reported worldwide, but less attention has been given to COVID-19 vaccination among children. Vaccine hesitancy is considered a major challenge in achieving herd immunity, and it is more challenging among parents as they remain deeply concerned about their child's health. In this context, a systematic review of the current literature is inevitable to assess vaccine hesitancy among parents of young children to ensure a successful ongoing vaccination program. METHOD A systematic search of peer-reviewed English literature indexed in Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, and Web of science was performed using developed keywords between 1 January 2020 and August 2022. This systematic review included only those studies that focused on parental concerns about COVID-19 vaccines in children up to 12 years without a diagnosis of COVID-19. Following PRISMA guidelines, a total of 108 studies were included. The quality appraisal of the study was performed by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). RESULTS The results of 108 studies depict that vaccine hesitancy rates differed globally with a considerably large number of factors associated with it. The highest vaccine hesitancy rates among parents were reported in a study from the USA (86.1%) and two studies from Saudi Arabia (>85%) and Turkey (89.6%). Conversely, the lowest vaccine hesitancy rates ranging from 0.69 and 2% were found in two studies from South Africa and Switzerland, respectively. The largest study (n = 227,740) was conducted in Switzerland while the smallest sample size (n = 12) was represented by a study conducted in the USA. The most commonly reported barriers to childhood vaccination were mothers' lower education level (N = 46/108, 43%), followed by financial instability (N = 19/108, 18%), low confidence in new vaccines (N = 13/108, 12%), and unmonitored social media platforms (N = 5/108, 4.6%). These factors were significantly associated with vaccine refusal among parents. However, the potential facilitators for vaccine uptake among respondents who intended to have their children vaccinated include higher education level (N = 12/108, 11%), followed by information obtained through healthcare professionals (N = 9/108, 8.3%) and strong confidence in preventive measures taken by the government (N = 5/81, 4.6%). CONCLUSION This review underscores that parents around the globe are hesitant to vaccinate their kids against COVID-19. The spectrum of factors associated with vaccine hesitancy and uptake varies across the globe. There is a dire need to address vaccine hesitancy concerns regarding the efficacy and safety of approved vaccines. Local context is inevitable to take into account while developing programs to reduce vaccine hesitancy. There is a dire need to devise strategies to address vaccine hesitancy among parents through the identification of attributing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusra Habib Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Rasheed
- Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Salman
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdulaziz Ibrahim Alzarea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Salah Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Hadal Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah-Ud-Din Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed D Alatawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Hammad Butt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Saad Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Majed Ahmed Algarni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah K Alahmari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad Saeed Almalki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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