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Sun Y, Mao Q, Zhou D, Tian J, Du H, Yu Q, Zhao J, Duan W, Liu C, Duan Y, Zhou J, Zhang T, Xia Z, Yin Y, Liu Y, Zhao X, Xu S. Association of multiple blood metals and systemic atherosclerosis: A cross-sectional study in the CAD population. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140991. [PMID: 38141683 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD) is often accompanied by peripheral atherosclerosis, resulting in a higher risk of ischemia and cardiovascular death. Exposure to metals is associated with atherosclerotic plaques at specific sites. However, less is known about the effects of mixed metals on systemic atherosclerotic burden in CAD patients. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of metal mixtures with systemic atherosclerotic burden in a CAD population. METHODS A cross-sectional study including 1562 CAD patients from Southwest China was conducted. The levels of 10 blood metals were measured via inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. More than one vessel with a stenosis ≥50% vessel diameter was defined as CAD. Carotid and lower limb atherosclerosis was assessed by using ultrasound, and coronary atherosclerosis was quantified via arterial angiography. Systemic atherosclerosis was scored according to the presence or absence of lesions at the three sites and the total number of lesions. To investigate the combined impacts and interaction effects of metals, Bayesian kernel machine regression was used. Weighted quantile regression was used to identify the contributions of the metals. RESULTS Significant overall associations of mixed metals with systemic atherosclerotic burden were found. These positive overall associations were mainly driven by Cd, Cu and Pb in systemic atherosclerosis. The main contributing factors were As and Cu for coronary atherosclerosis as well as Cd, Cu and Pb for carotid and lower limb atherosclerosis. Cd and Pb or Cr can interact, and Pb interacts with age, sex and alcohol. CONCLUSIONS In CAD patients, exposure to combinations of metals was highly positively associated with systemic atherosclerotic burden. These significant trends were more pronounced in the peripheral arteries and carotid arteries. Controlling environmental metal exposure can contribute to reducing systemic atherosclerosis in CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapei Sun
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China; School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qi Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Denglu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jiacheng Tian
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China; School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hang Du
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Weixia Duan
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Yu Duan
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China; School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Zhiqin Xia
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China; School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yangguang Yin
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Shangcheng Xu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China; School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Yoon Y, Kim YM, Lee S, Shin BC, Kim HL, Chung JH, Son M. Association between Neck Circumference and Chronic Kidney Disease in Korean Adults in the 2019-2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutrients 2023; 15:5039. [PMID: 38140298 PMCID: PMC10745966 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem and a leading cause of cardiovascular disease and death. Early recognition and management of CKD risk factors are necessary to prevent its onset and progression. Neck circumference (NC) is a non-invasive and easily accessible anthropometric measure associated with central obesity and subcutaneous fat accumulation in the upper body. Our study aimed to explore the relationship between NC and the prevalence of CKD using data from the nationally representative Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019-2021). We analyzed data from 10,219 subjects (age > 19 years, no missing values). CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Logistic regression analysis was performed, which revealed a significant association between NC and CKD prevalence even after adjusting for confounding factors, both when NC was considered a continuous variable (OR [95% CI], 1.11 [1.03-1.19]) and in quartiles (Q1 as reference; Q2 OR [95% CI], 1.23 [0.91-1.67]; Q3 OR [95% CI], 1.59 [1.16-2.18]; Q4 OR [95% CI], 1.70 [1.16-2.50]). Our findings suggest that NC could be a simple and effective anthropometric measurement for identifying individuals at risk for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Yoon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (B.-C.S.); (H.-L.K.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Yoo-min Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung-Ang University Gwang-myung Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong-si 14353, Republic of Korea;
| | - Somin Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (B.-C.S.); (H.-L.K.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Byung-Chul Shin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (B.-C.S.); (H.-L.K.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Hyun-Lee Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (B.-C.S.); (H.-L.K.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Jong-Hoon Chung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (B.-C.S.); (H.-L.K.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Minkook Son
- Department of Physiology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
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Slijkhuis N, Towers M, Mirzaian M, Korteland SA, Heijs B, van Gaalen K, Nieuwenhuizen I, Nigg A, van der Heiden K, de Rijke YB, van der Lugt A, Sijbrands EJG, Claude E, van Soest G. Identifying lipid traces of atherogenic mechanisms in human carotid plaque. Atherosclerosis 2023; 385:117340. [PMID: 37913561 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lipids play an important role in atherosclerotic plaque development and are interesting candidate predictive biomarkers. However, the link between circulating lipids, accumulating lipids in the vessel wall, and plaque destabilization processes in humans remains largely unknown. This study aims to provide new insights into the role of lipids in atherosclerosis using lipidomics and mass spectrometry imaging to investigate lipid signatures in advanced human carotid plaque and plasma samples. METHODS We used lipidomics and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) to investigate lipid signatures of advanced human carotid plaque and plasma obtained from patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy (n = 14 out of 17 whose plaque samples were analyzed by DESI-MSI). Multivariate data analysis and unsupervised clustering were applied to identify lipids that were the most discriminative species between different patterns in plaque and plasma. These patterns were interpreted by quantitative comparison with conventional histology. RESULTS Lipidomics detected more than 300 lipid species in plasma and plaque, with markedly different relative abundances. DESI-MSI visualized the spatial distribution of 611 lipid-related m/z features in plaques, of which 330 m/z features could be assigned based on exact mass, comparison to the lipidomic data, and high mass resolution MSI. Matching spatial lipid patterns to histological areas of interest revealed several molecular species that were colocalized with pertinent disease processes in plaque including specific sphingomyelin and ceramide species with calcification, phospholipids and free fatty acids with inflammation, and triacylglycerols and phosphatidylinositols with fibrin-rich areas. CONCLUSIONS By comparing lipid species in plaque and plasma, we identified those circulating species that were also prominently present in plaque. Quantitative comparison of lipid spectral patterns with histology revealed the presence of specific lipid species in destabilized plaque areas, corroborating previous in vitro and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Slijkhuis
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Towers
- Waters Corporation, Wilmslow, United Kingdom
| | - Mina Mirzaian
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suze-Anne Korteland
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Heijs
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kim van Gaalen
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg Nieuwenhuizen
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alex Nigg
- Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kim van der Heiden
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yolanda B de Rijke
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aad van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric J G Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gijs van Soest
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands.
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Miao G, Fiehn O, Chen M, Zhang Y, Umans JG, Lee ET, Howard BV, Roman MJ, Devereux RB, Zhao J. Longitudinal lipidomic signature of carotid atherosclerosis in American Indians: Findings from the Strong Heart Family Study. Atherosclerosis 2023; 382:117265. [PMID: 37722315 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dyslipidemia is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). To date, a comprehensive assessment of individual lipid species associated with atherosclerosis is lacking in large-scale epidemiological studies, especially in a longitudinal setting. We investigated the association of circulating lipid species and its longitudinal changes with carotid atherosclerosis. METHODS Using liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry, we repeatedly measured 1542 lipid species in 3687 plasma samples from 1918 unique American Indians attending two visits (mean ∼5 years apart) in the Strong Heart Family Study. Carotid atherosclerotic plaques were assessed by ultrasonography at each visit. We identified lipids associated with prevalence or progression of carotid plaques, adjusting age, sex, BMI, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and eGFR. Then we examined whether longitudinal changes in lipids were associated with changes in cardiovascular risk factors. Multiple testing was controlled at false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05. RESULTS Higher levels of sphingomyelins, ether-phosphatidylcholines, and triacylglycerols were significantly associated with prevalence or progression of carotid plaques (odds ratios ranged from 1.15 to 1.34). Longitudinal changes in multiple lipid species (e.g., acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines, triacylglycerols) were associated with changes in cardiometabolic traits (e.g., BMI, blood pressure, fasting glucose, eGFR). Network analysis identified differential lipid networks associated with plaque progression. CONCLUSIONS Baseline and longitudinal changes in multiple lipid species were significantly associated with carotid atherosclerosis and its progression in American Indians. Some plaque-related lipid species were also associated with risk for CVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhong Miao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health & Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mingjing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health & Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jason G Umans
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA; Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elisa T Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Barbara V Howard
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA; Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mary J Roman
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Jinying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health & Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Zhao Z, Dong S, Sun T, Han K, Huang X, Ma M, Yang S, Zhou Y. The association between higher FFAs and high residual platelet reactivity among CAD patients receiving clopidogrel therapy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1115142. [PMID: 37304959 PMCID: PMC10250738 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1115142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic abnormalities are associated with the occurrence, severity, and poor prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), some of which affect the antiplatelet efficacy of clopidogrel. Free fatty acids (FFAs) is a biomarker for metabolic abnormalities, and elevated FFAs is observed among CAD patients. Whether FFAs enhances residual platelet reactivity induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) while using clopidogrel was unknown. The purpose of our study is exploring the issue. Method Current study included 1,277 CAD patients using clopidogrel and used logistic regression to detect whether the higher level of FFAs is associated with high residual platelet reactivity (HRPR). We additionally performed subgroup and sensitivity analyses to evaluate the stability of the results. We defined HRPR as ADP-induced platelet inhibition rate (ADPi) < 50% plus ADP-induced maximum amplitude (MAADP) > 47 mm. Results 486 patients (38.1%) showed HRPR. The proportion of HRPR among patients with higher FFAs (>0.445 mmol/L) is greater than among patients with lower FFAs (46.4% vs. 32.6%, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that higher FFAs (>0.445 mmol/L) is independently associated with HRPR (adjusted OR = 1.745, 95% CI, 1.352-2.254). After subgroup and sensitivity analyses, the results remained robust. Conclusion The higher level of FFAs enhances residual platelet reactivity induced by ADP and is independently associated with clopidogrel HRPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shutong Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tienan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kangning Han
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meishi Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Bezdenezhnykh NA, Sumin AN, Bezdenezhnykh AV, Kuzmina AA, Tsepokina AV, Pervushkina АS, Petrosyan ST, Barbarash OL. Disse index and free fatty acids as markers of insulin resistance and their association with hospital outcomes of coronary bypass surgery in patients with different glycemic status. DIABETES MELLITUS 2023. [DOI: 10.14341/dm12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM: to analyze various indices of insulin resistance and plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels, and their association with the preoperative status and in-hospital complications after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in normoglycemic patients and patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMD).MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 708 patients who underwent CABG. The glycemic status, preoperative parameters, the specifics of surgical intervention, in-hospital complications were analyzed. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (n=266) — patients with CMD (type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes); Group 2 (n=442) — patients without CMD. Plasma FFA and fasting plasma insulin levels were determined, the Disse index, the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), revised QUICKI were estimated in 383 patients.RESULTS: Screening prior to CABG increased the number of patients with T2DM from 15.2% to 24.1%, prediabetes – from 3.0% to 13.4%, with any CMD – from 18.2% to 37.5%.Patients with CMD showed a higher percentage of significant hospital complications (25.2% vs 17.0%, p=0.007), progression of renal failure (6.3% vs 2.9%, p=0.021), multiple organ failure (4.5% vs 1.7%, p=0.039), sternal wound complications (6.3% vs 2.9%, p=0.018), renal replacement therapy (3.7% vs 1.1%, p=0.020), surgery on peripheral arteries (1.5% vs 0%, p=0.039).According to the results of multivariate analysis, the Disse index turned out to be a significant predictor of the end point (hospital stay >10 days or any significant complication CABG) in several regression models (OR 1.060 in one of the models; 95% CI 1.016–1.105; p=0.006). Independent predictors of the end point were: female gender, age, body mass index, cardiopulmonary bypass duration, left atrium size, left ventricular end diastolic dimension, T2DM, FFA levels (OR 3.335; 95% CI 1.076–10.327; p=0.036), average postoperative glycemia on the 1st day after CABG, failure to achieve the target range of perioperative glycemia.CONCLUSION: Screening for CMD prior to CABG can significantly increase the number of patients with diagnosed CMD. Significant in-hospital complications after CABG tend to be more prevalent in patients with CMD compared with normoglycemic patients. Insulin resistance index Disse, FFA, postoperative glycemia are independent predictors of prolonged hospital stay or postoperative complications of CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. N. Sumin
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | | | - A. A. Kuzmina
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - A. V. Tsepokina
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | | | | | - O. L. Barbarash
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases; Kemerovo state medical institution
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Hu T, Zhang W, Han F, Zhao R, Liu L, An Z. Plasma fingerprint of free fatty acids and their correlations with the traditional cardiac biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by coronary heart disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:903412. [PMID: 35935651 PMCID: PMC9355375 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.903412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with at least 2–3 fold higher risk of cardiovascular diseases than non-diabetics. Free fatty acids (FFAs) are believed to play important roles in the occurrence of cardiovascular disease in people with T2DM. The aim of this study was to investigate the fingerprint of plasma FFAs and their correlations with the tradition risk factors of cardiovascular disease in T2DM patients complicated by coronary heart disease (CHD-T2DM). A total of 401 participants, including healthy control (HC, n = 143), T2DM patients (n = 134), and CHD-T2DM patients (n = 126) were enrolled in this study. Plasma levels of 36 FFAs with carbon chain length ranged from 3 to 22 were quantified by using reverse phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Tradition risk factors of cardiovascular disease were tested in clinical laboratory, including homocysteine (HCY), creatine kinase (CK), high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP), and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and so on. Almost all the FFAs with different carbon chain length and unsaturation were significantly upregulated in the T2DM-CHD groups, compared to the HC and T2DM groups. Both n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were also found to be significantly upregulated in T2DM-CHD group compared to the T2DM group. However, no significantly differences of the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, arachidonic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid (AA/EPA) ratio, and arachidonic acid/docosahexaenoic acid (AA/DHA) ratio were observed between T2DM-CHD and T2DM groups. Plasma FFA levels were found to be positively correlated with HCY, CK, hsCRP, NT-proBNP and other tradition risk factors of CHD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a dozens of FFAs were the independent risk factors of CHD after adjustment for confounding factors and other risk factors. Excessively high plasma levels of FFAs were demonstrated to be independent risk factors for CHD in patients with T2DM, despite of the differences in chain length, unsaturation, and double bond position.
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Chetta KE, Newton DA, Wagner CL, Baatz JE. Free Fatty Acid and α-Lactalbumin-Oleic Acid Complexes in Preterm Human Milk Are Cytotoxic to Fetal Intestinal Cells in vitro. Front Nutr 2022; 9:918872. [PMID: 35866080 PMCID: PMC9294382 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.918872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk, the best enteral selection for a preterm infant, becomes altered during freezing and soluble free fatty acid is generated over time. Free fatty acids may form complexes, such as the oleic acid-bound protein called HAMLET (human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells). We determined the in vitro biological activity of preterm human milk protein-oleic complexes (HAMLET-like complexes) and tested the hypothesis that laboratory-synthesized HAMLET exhibits cytotoxicity in human immature epithelial intestinal cell culture. Thirty-four milk samples from 15 mothers of hospitalized preterm infants were donated over time. Milk fractions were tested repeatedly for FHs 74 Int and HIEC-6 fetal cell cytotoxicity, using a sensitive viability assay. Protein and fatty acid identities were confirmed by Western blot, high performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Cytotoxicity of intestinal cells exposed to milk increased respective to milk storage time (p < 0.001) and was associated with free oleic acid (p = 0.009). Synthesized HAMLET was cytotoxic in cultures of both lines. Preterm milk samples killed most cells in culture after an average 54 days in frozen storage (95% C.I. 34–72 days). After prolonged storage time, preterm milk and HAMLET showed a degree of cytotoxicity to immature intestinal cells in culture.
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Kytikova OY, Novgorodtseva TP, Denisenko YK, Antonyuk MV, Gvozdenko TA, Atamas OV. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor And Coronary Artery Disease. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2022.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is defined as myocardial damage developing as a result of its organic and functional changes, and leading to impaired blood flow through the coronary arteries. An important pathogenetic component of CAD is atherosclerosis. Currently, key aspects of the molecular relationship between inflammation and atherosclerosis are being actively studied, the immunometabolic theory of atherosclerosis is being discussed, along with an involvement of perivascular adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of this pathology, due to its ability to respond to atherogenic stimuli via developing inflammatory reactions. Evidence has been accumulated that in patients with CAD, both in their blood and perivascular adipose tissue, the level of neurotrophic factors (in particular, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF) changes, which may be a promising area of research from the standpoint of studying this factor as a therapeutic target for atherosclerosis in CAD. Neurotrophic growth factors control the functioning of both immune and nervous systems, and the balance of energy metabolism and innervation of adipose tissue. They affect vascular homeostasis, and are also involved in causing and stopping inflammation. Currently, there are data on the role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases, and on the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids on the level of BDNF and, accordingly, the development and progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis. Our review summarizes published data (2019-2021) on the pathophysiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of the relationship between BDNF and CAD (atherosclerosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Yu. Kytikova
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Therapy, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatyana P. Novgorodtseva
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Therapy, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Yulia K. Denisenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Therapy, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Marina V. Antonyuk
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Therapy, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatyana A. Gvozdenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Therapy, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Olga V. Atamas
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Therapy, Vladivostok, Russia
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Immunometabolic Reprogramming in Response to HIV Infection Is Not Fully Normalized by Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061313. [PMID: 35746785 PMCID: PMC9228482 DOI: 10.3390/v14061313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: HIV infection results in immunometabolic reprogramming. While we are beginning to understand how this metabolic reprogramming regulates the immune response to HIV infection, we do not currently understand the impact of ART on immunometabolism in people with HIV (PWH). Methods: Serum obtained from HIV-infected (n = 278) and geographically matched HIV seronegative control subjects (n = 300) from Rakai Uganda were used in this study. Serum was obtained before and ~2 years following the initiation of ART from HIV-infected individuals. We conducted metabolomics profiling of the serum and focused our analysis on metabolic substrates and pathways assocaited with immunometabolism. Results: HIV infection was associated with metabolic adaptations that implicated hyperactive glycolysis, enhanced formation of lactate, increased activity of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), decreased β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, increased utilization of medium-chain fatty acids, and enhanced amino acid catabolism. Following ART, serum levels of ketone bodies, carnitine, and amino acid metabolism were normalized, however glycolysis, PPP, lactate production, and β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids remained abnormal. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that HIV infection is associated with an increased immunometabolic demand that is satisfied through the utilization of alternative energetic substrates, including fatty acids and amino acids. ART alone was insufficient to completely restore this metabolic reprogramming to HIV infection, suggesting that a sustained impairment of immunometabolism may contribute to chronic immune activation and comorbid conditions in virally suppressed PWH.
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11
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Obesity: The Fat Tissue Disease Version of Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121872. [PMID: 35741001 PMCID: PMC9221301 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a disease with high potential for fatality. It perfectly fits the disease definition, as cancer does. This is because it damages body structure and functions, both mechanically and biologically, and alters physical, mental, and social health. In addition, it shares many common morbid characteristics with the most feared disease, cancer. For example, it is influenced by a sophisticated interaction between a person’s genetics, the environment, and an increasing number of other backgrounds. Furthermore, it displays abnormal cell growth and proliferation events, only limited to white fat, resulting in adipose tissue taking up an increasing amount of space within the body. This occurs through fat “metastases” and via altered signaling that further aggravates the pathology of obesity by inducing ubiquitous dishomeostasis. These metastases can be made graver by angiogenesis, which might boost diseased tissue growth. More common features with cancer include its progressive escalation through different levels of severity and its possibility of re-onset after recovery. Despite all these similarities with cancer, obesity is substantially less agitating for most people. Thus, the ideas proposed herein could have utility to sensitize the public opinion about the hard reality of obesity. This is increasingly needed, as the obesity pandemic has waged a fierce war against our bodies and society in general, while there is still doubt about whether it is a real disease or not. Hence, raising public consciousness to properly face health issues is crucial to improving our health instead of gaining weight unhealthily. It is obviously illogical to fight cancer extremely seriously on the one hand and to consider dying with obesity as self-inflicted on the other. In fact, obesity merits a top position among the most lethal diseases besides cancer.
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Rami AZA, Hamid AA, Anuar NNM, Aminuddin A, Ugusman A. Exploring the Relationship of Perivascular Adipose Tissue Inflammation and the Development of Vascular Pathologies. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:2734321. [PMID: 35177953 PMCID: PMC8846975 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2734321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Initially thought to only provide mechanical support for the underlying blood vessels, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has now emerged as a regulator of vascular function. A healthy PVAT exerts anticontractile and anti-inflammatory actions on the underlying vasculature via the release of adipocytokines such as adiponectin, nitric oxide, and omentin. However, dysfunctional PVAT produces more proinflammatory adipocytokines such as leptin, resistin, interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, thus inducing an inflammatory response that contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. In this review, current knowledge on the role of PVAT inflammation in the development of vascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis and hypertension was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afifah Zahirah Abd Rami
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adila A. Hamid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar
- Center for Toxicology & Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amilia Aminuddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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13
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Ke J, Li K, Ke T, Zhong X, Zheng Q, Wang Y, Li L, Dai Y, Dong Q, Ji B, Xu F, Shi J, Peng Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Wang W. Association of sedentary time and carotid atherosclerotic plaques in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes 2022; 14:64-72. [PMID: 34989161 PMCID: PMC9060024 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a common complication in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Multiple factors are involved in the development and progress of atherosclerosis. We evaluated the association of weekly sedentary time (WST) with carotid plaque formation. METHODS After data cleaning, a total of 26 664 participants with T2DM from 10 National Metabolic Management Centers (MMCs) from June 2017 to April 2021 were enrolled. Self-reported lifestyle data including WST, sleeping time, smoking and drinking information, carotid artery ultrasound, and biochemical parameters were obtained. The independent association of carotid plaue with sedentary and other lifestyle behaviors was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression models, and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. Moreover, stratified analysis was conducted to demonstrate the influence of confounding factors. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the participants was 54.0 (11.6) years, and the median (interquartile range) WST was 35.0 (21.0, 42.0) h. Comparing with participants in the first tertile of WST, those in the second or third tertile of WST were younger and with a shorter duration of diabetes. There were positive associations between longer sedentary time and odds of artery plaque after adjustment, with corresponding ORs in the second and third tertile were 1.40 (95% CI: 1.31-1.50) and 1.67 (95% CI: 1.56-1.79), respectively. However, the effect of WST on plaque in patients aged 18-40 years old had no statistical significance; the p value in the third tertile was 0.163. CONCLUSIONS In summary, higher WST appears to be associated with higher prevalence of carotid plaque in patients with T2DM, especially in aged populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ke
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Kun Li
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tingyu Ke
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Xu Zhong
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the P. R. China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qidong Zheng
- Department of Internal MedicineThe Second People's Hospital of YuhuanYuhuanChina
| | - Yufan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Li Li
- Department of EndocrinologyNingbo First HospitalNingboChina
| | - Yuancheng Dai
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese MedicineSheyang Diabetes HospitalYanchengChina
| | - Qijuan Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou Affiliated Henan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhouChina
| | - Bangqun Ji
- Department of EndocrinologyXingyi People's HospitalXinyiChina
| | - Fengmei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismHebi Coal (group). LTD. General HospitalHebiChina
| | - Juan Shi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the P. R. China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the P. R. China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the P. R. China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Dong Zhao
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the P. R. China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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14
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Prevalence of elevated serum fatty acid synthase in chronic limb-threatening ischemia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19272. [PMID: 34588500 PMCID: PMC8481229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98479-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently no serum-based evaluations that can corroborate the severity of peripheral artery disease (PAD). In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the prevalence of elevated serum fatty acid synthase (cFAS) in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) and evaluated the accuracy of its use in detecting this condition. Preoperative fasting serum samples from 87 patients undergoing vascular intervention were collected between October 2014 and September 2016. Median age was 62 years, with 56 (64%) men, and 32 (37%) with CLTI. We found that elevated cFAS content (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.04–1.31), type 2 diabetes (T2D; OR 5.22; 95% CI 1.77–15.4), and smoking (OR 3.53; 95% CI 1.19–10.5) were independently associated with CLTI and could detect the presence of CLTI with 83% accuracy (95% CI 0.74–0.92). Furthermore, serum FAS content was positively correlated with FAS content in femoral artery plaque in patients with severe PAD (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${R}^{2}$$\end{document}R2 = 0.22; P = 0.023). Finally, significantly higher co-localization of FAS and ApoB were observed within lower extremity arterial media (P < .001). Our findings indicate that serum FAS content is a marker for disease severity in patients with PAD, independent of concomitant T2D and smoking, and may play a key role in FAS and ApoB peripheral plaque progression.
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Iannuzzi A, Rubba P, Gentile M, Mallardo V, Calcaterra I, Bresciani A, Covetti G, Cuomo G, Merone P, Di Lorenzo A, Alfieri R, Aliberti E, Giallauria F, Di Minno MND, Iannuzzo G. Carotid Atherosclerosis, Ultrasound and Lipoproteins. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050521. [PMID: 34066616 PMCID: PMC8148516 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery plaques are considered a measure of atherosclerosis and are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, particularly ischemic strokes. Monitoring of patients with an elevated risk of stroke is critical in developing better prevention strategies. Non-invasive imaging allows us to directly see atherosclerosis in vessels and many features that are related to plaque vulnerability. A large body of evidence has demonstrated a strong correlation between some lipid parameters and carotid atherosclerosis. In this article, we review the relationship between lipids and atherosclerosis with a focus on carotid ultrasound, the most common method to estimate atherosclerotic load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arcangelo Iannuzzi
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, A. Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.B.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Paolo Rubba
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Surgery Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.R.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (I.C.); (M.N.D.D.M.); (G.I.)
| | - Marco Gentile
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Surgery Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.R.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (I.C.); (M.N.D.D.M.); (G.I.)
| | - Vania Mallardo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Surgery Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.R.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (I.C.); (M.N.D.D.M.); (G.I.)
| | - Ilenia Calcaterra
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Surgery Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.R.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (I.C.); (M.N.D.D.M.); (G.I.)
| | - Alessandro Bresciani
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, A. Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Covetti
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, A. Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Gianluigi Cuomo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (P.M.); (A.D.L.); (R.A.); (F.G.)
| | - Pasquale Merone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (P.M.); (A.D.L.); (R.A.); (F.G.)
| | - Anna Di Lorenzo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (P.M.); (A.D.L.); (R.A.); (F.G.)
| | - Roberta Alfieri
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (P.M.); (A.D.L.); (R.A.); (F.G.)
| | - Emilio Aliberti
- North Tees University Hospital, Stockton-on Tees TS19 8PE, UK;
| | - Francesco Giallauria
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (P.M.); (A.D.L.); (R.A.); (F.G.)
| | - Matteo Nicola Dario Di Minno
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Surgery Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.R.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (I.C.); (M.N.D.D.M.); (G.I.)
| | - Gabriella Iannuzzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Surgery Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (P.R.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (I.C.); (M.N.D.D.M.); (G.I.)
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