1
|
Menezes TM, Gaião WDC, de Almeida Sousa Lima LC, da Silva AKB, Lima LWS, de Souza Pereira ÁM, da Silva LC, da Silva VL, de Souza Franco E, Paz ST, Maia CS, da Silva TMS, de Sousa Maia MB. Evaluation of acute oral toxicity, embryotoxicity and cytotoxicity of the polar fraction of Parkinsonia aculeata aerial parts extract. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:19-27. [PMID: 32440335 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacobotanical information reports that Parkinsonia aculeata infusion is used to control diabetes-related complications and dyslipidemia. However, few studies are reported on the safe use of this species. The aim of this study is to evaluate the acute toxicity, embryotoxicity and cytotoxicity of a polar fraction obtained from hydroethanolic extract of P. aculeata (PfrHEPA). For the acute toxicity test, we considered the Up and Down method which the guidelines are described by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD N°425). The animals were treated with PfrHEPA (2000 mg/kg) or with distilled water (10 ml/kg) by gavage and observed from Day 1 to14. For embryotoxicity assay, zebrafish embryos were exposed to PfrHEPA (100 mg/L) and toxicity parameters were observed during four consecutive days. The cytotoxicity of PfrHEPA (5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/ml, respectively) was performed on normal cell lines (mesenchymal stem cells, African green monkey renal cells and mouse pre-adipocytes 3 T3-L1 using the MTT salt reduction assay. In the acute toxicity test, no mortality was observed in mice treated with PfrHEPA (2000 mg/kg), as well as behavioral changes, histopathological abnormalities and hematological and biochemical variables. In the embryotoxicity test, no abnormal changes related to the toxicological parameters were observed in the period of 96 h. Regarding the cytotoxicity assay, PfrHEPA showed no cytotoxic effect on the normal cell lines tested, with an IC50 value > 100 μg/ml. These results suggest the safe use of P. aculeata, however, more trials are needed for PfrHEPA to be presented as new safe therapeutic proposal for the control of metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamires Meira Menezes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Laísa Wanessa Santos Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano Clemente da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Valdir Luna da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Silvania Tavares Paz
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Carina Scanoni Maia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Joung JY, Lee JS, Cho JH, Lee DS, Ahn YC, Son CG. The Efficacy and Safety of Myelophil, an Ethanol Extract Mixture of Astragali Radix and Salviae Radix, for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:991. [PMID: 31551788 PMCID: PMC6746924 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a strong demand for therapeutics to treat chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), although there are limitations. Myelophil, which is a combination of extracts from Astragali Radix and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, has been clinically used to treat fatigue-related disorders in South Korea. We conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial of Myelophil in patients with CFS and evaluated its efficacy and safety in two hospitals. Methods: We enrolled 98 participants (M: 38, F: 60) with CFS in a phase 2 trial of oral Myelophil (2 g daily) or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary end point was a change in the Chalder fatigue scale, as scored by a numeric rating scale (NRS). The secondary end points included changes in the visual analogue scale, fatigue severity scale (FSS), and 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). Biomarkers of oxidative stress and cytokines were evaluated by blood tests. Results: Ninety-seven participants (48 in the Myelophil group and 49 in the placebo group) completed the trial. An analysis of all participants showed that Myelophil slightly improved fatigue symptoms compared with those of the placebo, but this effect was not statistically significant (p > 0.05 for the NRS, VAS, FSS, and SF-36). By contrast, an analysis of the subpopulation (53 participants, M: 24, F: 29) with severe symptoms (≥63, median NRS value of total participants) showed a statistically significant improvement in fatigue symptoms in the Myelophil group compared with the placebo (p < 0.05 for NRS, FSS, and SF-36). There were no significant changes in the biomarkers for oxidative stress and cytokines before or after the treatment. No Myelophil-related adverse response was observed during the trial. Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis that Myelophil can be a therapeutic candidate to manage CFS and provide the rationale for its progression to a phase 3 clinical trial. Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier KCT0002317.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yong Joung
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Oriental Medical Collage of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Oriental Medical Collage of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyo Cho
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Oriental Medical Collage of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital of Catholic University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yo-Chan Ahn
- Department of Health Service Management, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Oriental Medical Collage of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|