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Terefe EM, Okalebo FA, Derese S, Muriuki J, Mas-Claret E, Langat MK. Anti-HIV crotocascarin ω from Kenyan Croton dichogamus. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:2809-2816. [PMID: 36278900 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2134998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
An anti-HIV methanol-soluble fraction of a 1:1 CH2Cl2:CH3OH extract of twigs of a Kenyan Croton dichogamus yielded seven compounds, the new crotocascarin ω (1), the known β-oplopanone (2), dihydroconiferyl acetate (3), 3'(4''-hydroxyphenyl)-propyl benzoate (4), lupeol, sitosterol and stigmasterol. Crotocascarin ω (90%) inhibited HIV-1 replication with an IC50 value of 5.3 nM, and the compound was cytotoxic towards MT-4 cells presenting an IC50 value of 84 µM. In silico modelling showed that the anti-HIV activity for compound 1 could be through the HIV-1 protease inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermias Mergia Terefe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Faith A Okalebo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Solomon Derese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joseph Muriuki
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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2
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Gavanji S, Bakhtari A, Famurewa AC, Othman EM. Cytotoxic Activity of Herbal Medicines as Assessed in Vitro: A Review. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202201098. [PMID: 36595710 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Since time immemorial, human beings have sought natural medications for treatment of various diseases. Weighty evidence demonstrates the use of chemical methodologies for sensitive evaluation of cytotoxic potentials of herbal agents. However, due to the ubiquitous use of cytotoxicity methods, there is a need for providing updated guidance for the design and development of in vitro assessment. The aim of this review is to provide practical guidance on common cell-based assays for suitable assessment of cytotoxicity potential of herbal medicines and discussing their advantages and disadvantages Relevant articles in authentic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar and SID, from 1950 to 2022 were collected according to selection criteria of in vitro cytotoxicity assays and protocols. In addition, the link between cytotoxicity assay selection and different factors such as the drug solvent, concentration and exposure duration were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Gavanji
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, 8415683111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azizollah Bakhtari
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 7133654361, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ademola C Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, PMB 1010, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104, Manipal, Karnataka State, India
| | - Eman M Othman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.,Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
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3
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Albezrah NKA, Bahaa HA, El-Bouseary MM, Alexiou A, Al-Ziyadi SH, Batiha GES. Pregnancy and COVID-19: high or low risk of vertical transmission. Clin Exp Med 2022:10.1007/s10238-022-00907-z. [PMID: 36251144 PMCID: PMC9574177 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Throughout the pandemic, evidence on the effects of COVID-19 during pregnancy has been inadequate due to the limited number of studies published. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to evaluate current literature regarding the effects of COVID-19 during pregnancy and establish pregnancy outcomes and vertical and perinatal transmission during pregnancy. Multiple databases were searched, including Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Control Clinical Trials, using the following keywords: [Pregnancy] AND [COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR nCoV-19] OR [Perinatal transmission, Vertical transmission (VT), Pregnancy complications], [Pregnancy] AND [Hyperinflammation OR Cytokine storm]. We excluded in vitro and experimental studies, but also ex-vivo and animal study methods. To exclude the risk of bias during data collection and interpretation, all included studies were peer-reviewed publications. This review is estimated to tabulate the study intervention characteristics and compare them against the planned groups for each synthesis. Our findings showed that pregnant women are commonly susceptible to respiratory viral infections and severe pneumonia due to physiological immune suppression and pregnancy-induced changes. VT of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is associated with a great deal of controversy and conflict. However, there is still no robust clinical evidence of VT. Furthermore, the clinical presentation and management of COVID-19 during pregnancy are nearly identical to those of non-pregnant women. Finally, chloroquine and remdesivir are the only two drugs evaluated as adequate for the management of COVID-19 during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, AL-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, AL-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Haitham Ahmed Bahaa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Maisra M El-Bouseary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia.,AFNP Med Austria, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shatha Hallal Al-Ziyadi
- Saudi Board Certified in Obstetrics & Gynecology, Assistant Professor at Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt.
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