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Zhao Y, Li W, Jiang H, Siyiti M, Zhao M, You S, Li Y, Yan P. Development of a blended teaching quality evaluation scale (BTQES) for undergraduate nursing based on the Context, Input, Process and Product (CIPP) evaluation model: A cross-sectional survey. Nurse Educ Pract 2024; 77:103976. [PMID: 38653087 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2024.103976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Developing a nursing undergraduate blended teaching quality evaluation tool based on the Context, Input, Process and Product model and evaluating its reliability and validity. BACKGROUND Blended teaching is a commonly used teaching method in medical education, but there are limited tools available to effectively measure the quality of blended teaching. DESIGN A Delphi study and cross-sectional study. METHODS Using the Context, Input, Process and Product model as the theoretical framework, a questionnaire was developed through literature review, expert consultation and pre-survey. From April to July 2023, 448 students from a certain university were selected as the research subjects and the questionnaire was examined for reliability and validity through a survey method. RESULTS The blended teaching quality evaluation scale with 35 items includes four dimensions Context, Input, Process and Product. The content validity and reliability of the blended teaching quality evaluation scale are both good, with a content validity index of 0.934 for the total scale and a content validity index of 0.750-1.00 for each item. The SEM shows that χ2/df = 6.89, RMSEA = 0.115, CFI = 0.882, NFI=0.865, RFI= 0.855, IFI = 0.882, TLI = 0.873. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the total scale is 0.991 and the Cronbach's α coefficient for each dimension is 0.944-0.984. CONCLUSION The scale is based on the characteristics of blended learning and quality evaluation covers all aspects of teaching. It can accurately evaluate the quality of teaching, evaluate the problems in the teaching process based on the teaching quality score and propose reasonable teaching improvement suggestions based on the weak links in the teaching process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Nursing Department of Xinjiang Medical University, 567 Shangde North Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; Health Care Research Center for Xinjiang Regional population, 567 Shangde North Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Weijuan Li
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Nursing Department of Xinjiang Medical University, 567 Shangde North Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Mohedesi Siyiti
- Nursing Department of Xinjiang Medical University, 567 Shangde North Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Nursing Department of Xinjiang Medical University, 567 Shangde North Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shuping You
- Nursing Department of Xinjiang Medical University, 567 Shangde North Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; Health Care Research Center for Xinjiang Regional population, 567 Shangde North Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Yinglan Li
- Nursing Department of Xinjiang Medical University, 567 Shangde North Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Ping Yan
- Nursing Department of Xinjiang Medical University, 567 Shangde North Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; Health Care Research Center for Xinjiang Regional population, 567 Shangde North Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
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Schievano F, Mwamwitwa KW, Kisenge S, Mmari E, Duga A, Nhlabatsi S, Elagbaje C, Abiola AS, Meshesha SG, Pagani S, Lora R, Sabaini A, Cobelens F, Härmark L, Eko EB, Conforti A, Venegoni M, Magro L, Moretti U. Development, assessment and educational impact of a blended e-learning training program on pharmacovigilance implemented in four African countries. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1347317. [PMID: 38695021 PMCID: PMC11061462 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1347317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Efforts to improve medication access in low-and middle-income countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, have made progress, especially in the fight against infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. However, challenges exist in establishing effective pharmacovigilance systems. The PhArmacoVIgilance Africa (PAVIA) project was committed to enhancing pharmacovigilance in Tanzania, Eswatini, Nigeria, and Ethiopia, with an emphasis on anti-tuberculosis drugs, utilizing various methods, including training. This study evaluates the PAVIA training program's effectiveness and its adaptation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A blended e-learning program, incorporating two courses and a platform for educational materials, was developed. This program, designed to train healthcare professionals in pharmacovigilance, was incorporated into a Training of Trainers model. To evaluate the program effectiveness, we used multiple measures such as assessing knowledge gain through pre-and post-test scores, assessing learners' satisfaction and attitudes via questionnaires, and analyzing Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs) in VigiBase to determine the impact on spontaneous reporting systems in the PAVIA countries. Results 121 learners enrolled in the pilot trainings, including 36 from Tanzania, 34 from Eswatini, 25 from Nigeria, and 26 from Ethiopia. Notably, post-test scores were significantly higher than pre-test scores in all four countries. Following the pilot trainings, multiple step-down training sessions were held in Tanzania, Eswatini, and Nigeria, with a total of 827 learners registering and 421 successfully completing the program. Learners' scores on the post-tests were significantly higher than on the pre-tests for both courses in all three countries. Learners' feedback on the training was overwhelmingly positive. Additionally, a qualitative analysis of ICSRs revealed a substantial increase in reports after the training in Tanzania, Eswatini, and Nigeria. Discussion An innovative e-learning program trained healthcare professionals in pharmacovigilance and anti-tuberculosis drug safety over 3 years in four PAVIA countries. The program effectively improved participants' knowledge, received positive feedback, and likely had an impact on reporting rates in Tanzania, Eswatini, and Nigeria, although a direct causal link could not be definitively established due to data limitations and other factors, such as the heightened reporting rates associated with COVID-19 vaccines, that could have contributed to the notable increase in ICSRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Schievano
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Kissa W. Mwamwitwa
- Section of Clinical Trials Control and Pharmacovigilance, Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority (TMDA), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Seth Kisenge
- Section of Clinical Trials Control and Pharmacovigilance, Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority (TMDA), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Elice Mmari
- KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Alemayehu Duga
- Doctoral School Societies, Politics, Public Health, Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- National Pharmacovigilance Center, Eswatini Ministry of Health, Mbabane, Eswatini
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation-Eswatini, Mbabane, Eswatini
| | - Siphesihle Nhlabatsi
- National Pharmacovigilance Center, Eswatini Ministry of Health, Mbabane, Eswatini
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Pagani
- Unit of Medicine, Hospital of Vimercate, Vimercate, Italy
| | - Riccardo Lora
- MedBrains, Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Sabaini
- MedBrains, Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Frank Cobelens
- Department of Global Health and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Linda Härmark
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - Eric Battey Eko
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anita Conforti
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Venegoni
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lara Magro
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ugo Moretti
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Millimouno TM, Meessen B, Put WVD, Garcia M, Camara BS, Christou A, Delvaux T, Sidibé S, Beavogui AH, Delamou A. How has Guinea learnt from the response to outbreaks? A learning health system analysis. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:bmjgh-2022-010996. [PMID: 36854489 PMCID: PMC9980363 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Learning is a key attribute of a resilient health system and, therefore, is central to health system strengthening. The main objective of this study was to analyse how Guinea's health system has learnt from the response to outbreaks between 2014 and 2021. METHODS We used a retrospective longitudinal single embedded case study design, applying the framework conceptualised by Sheikh and Abimbola for analysing learning health systems. Data were collected employing a mixed methods systematic review carried out in March 2022 and an online survey conducted in April 2022. RESULTS The 70 reports included in the evidence synthesis were about the 2014-2016 Ebola virus disease (EVD), Measles, Lassa Fever, COVID-19, 2021 EVD and Marburg virus disease. The main lessons were from 2014 to 2016 EVD and included: early community engagement in the response, social mobilisation, prioritising investment in health personnel, early involvement of anthropologists, developing health infrastructure and equipment and ensuring crisis communication. They were learnt through information (research and experts' opinions), action/practice and double-loop and were progressively incorporated in the response to future outbreaks through deliberation, single-loop, double-loop and triple-loop learning. However, advanced learning aspects (learning through action, double-loop and triple-loop) were limited within the health system. Nevertheless, the health system successfully controlled COVID-19, the 2021 EVD and Marburg virus disease. Survey respondents' commonly reported that enablers were the creation of the national agency for health security and support from development partners. Barriers included cultural and political issues and lack of funding. Common recommendations included establishing a knowledge management unit within the Ministry of Health with representatives at regional and district levels, investing in human capacities and improving the governance and management system. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the importance of learning. The health system performed well and achieved encouraging and better outbreak response outcomes over time with learning that occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamba Mina Millimouno
- Research Section, Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale de Maferinyah, Forécariah, Guinea .,Centre d'Excellence d'Afrique pour la Prévention et le Contrôle des Maladies Transmissibles (CEA-PCMT), Conakry, Guinea
| | - Bruno Meessen
- Health Systems Governance and Financing Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Willem Van De Put
- Public Health Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Marlon Garcia
- Public Health Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Bienvenu Salim Camara
- Research Section, Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale de Maferinyah, Forécariah, Guinea
| | - Aliki Christou
- Public Health Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Therese Delvaux
- Public Health Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Sidikiba Sidibé
- Research Section, Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale de Maferinyah, Forécariah, Guinea.,Centre d'Excellence d'Afrique pour la Prévention et le Contrôle des Maladies Transmissibles (CEA-PCMT), Conakry, Guinea
| | - Abdoul Habib Beavogui
- Research Section, Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale de Maferinyah, Forécariah, Guinea
| | - Alexandre Delamou
- Research Section, Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale de Maferinyah, Forécariah, Guinea.,Centre d'Excellence d'Afrique pour la Prévention et le Contrôle des Maladies Transmissibles (CEA-PCMT), Conakry, Guinea
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Millimouno TM, Delvaux T, Kolié JM, Kourouma K, Van Bastelaere S, Tsunami CK, Béavogui AH, Garcia M, Van Damme W, Delamou A. Evaluation of Three Blended Learning Courses to Strengthen Health Professionals' Capacity in Primary Health Care, Management of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services and Research Methods in Guinea. Front Digit Health 2022; 4:911089. [PMID: 35832657 PMCID: PMC9271855 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.911089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Three blended courses on Primary Health Care (eSSP), Management of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services (eSSR), and Research Methods (eMR) were developed and implemented between 2017 and 2021 by the Maferinyah National Training and Research Center in Rural Health, a training and research institution of the Ministry of Health in Guinea. The study objectives were to evaluate the reasons for dropout and abstention, the learners' work behavior following the training, and the impact of the behavior change on the achievements of learners' organizations or services. Methods We evaluated the three implemented courses in 2021, focusing on levels 3 and 4 of the Kirkpatrick training evaluation model. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through an open learning platform (Moodle), via an electronic questionnaire, during the face-to-face component of the courses (workshops), and at learners' workplaces. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were performed for quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. Results Out of 1,016 applicants, 543 including 137 (25%) women were enrolled in the three courses. Over the three courses, the completion rates were similar (67–69%) along with 20–29% dropout rates. Successful completion rates were 72% for eSSP, 83% for eMR and 85% for eSSR. Overall success rate (among all enrollees) ranged from 50% (eSSP) to 58% (eSSR). The majority (87%) of the learners reported applying the knowledge and skills they acquired during the courses through activities such as supervision (22%), service delivery (20%), and training workshops (14%). A positive impact of the training on utilization/coverage of services and increased revenues for their health facilities were also reported by some trainees. Conclusion These findings showed fair success rates and a positive impact of the training on learners' work behavior and the achievements of their organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamba Mina Millimouno
- Maferinyah National Training and Research Center in Rural Health, Forécariah, Guinea
- *Correspondence: Tamba Mina Millimouno
| | - Thérèse Delvaux
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean Michel Kolié
- Maferinyah National Training and Research Center in Rural Health, Forécariah, Guinea
| | - Karifa Kourouma
- Maferinyah National Training and Research Center in Rural Health, Forécariah, Guinea
| | | | - Carlos Kiyan Tsunami
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Abdoul Habib Béavogui
- Maferinyah National Training and Research Center in Rural Health, Forécariah, Guinea
| | - Marlon Garcia
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Damme
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Delamou
- Maferinyah National Training and Research Center in Rural Health, Forécariah, Guinea
- Africa Center of Excellence for Prevention and Control of Transmissible Diseases (CEA-PCMT), Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Guinea
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