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Brooks PM, Lewis P, Million-Perez S, Yandulskaya AS, Khalil M, Janes M, Porco J, Walker E, Meyers JR. Pharmacological reprogramming of zebrafish lateral line supporting cells to a migratory progenitor state. Dev Biol 2024; 512:70-88. [PMID: 38729405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
In the zebrafish lateral line, non-sensory supporting cells readily re-enter the cell cycle to generate new hair cells and supporting cells during homeostatic maintenance and following damage to hair cells. This contrasts with supporting cells from mammalian vestibular and auditory sensory epithelia which rarely re-enter the cell cycle, and hence loss of hair cells results in permanent sensory deficit. Lateral line supporting cells are derived from multipotent progenitor cells that migrate down the trunk midline as a primordium and are deposited to differentiate into a neuromast. We have found that we can revert zebrafish support cells back to a migratory progenitor state by pharmacologically altering the signaling environment to mimic that of the migratory primordium, with active Wnt signaling and repressed FGF signaling. The reverted supporting cells migrate anteriorly and posteriorly along the horizontal myoseptum and will re-epithelialize to form an increased number of neuromasts along the midline when the pharmacological agents are removed. These data demonstrate that supporting cells can be readily reprogrammed to a migratory multipotent progenitor state that can form new sensory neuromasts, which has important implications for our understanding of how the lateral line system matures and expands in fish and also suggest avenues for returning mammalian supporting cells back to a proliferative state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige M Brooks
- Dept. of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Parker Lewis
- Dept. of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Sara Million-Perez
- Dept. of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Anastasia S Yandulskaya
- Dept. of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Mahmoud Khalil
- Dept. of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Meredith Janes
- Dept. of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Joseph Porco
- Dept. of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Eleanor Walker
- Dept. of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Jason R Meyers
- Dept. of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA.
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2
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Hsu WL, Lin YC, Lin MJ, Wang YW, Lee SJ. Macrophages enhance regeneration of lateral line neuromast derived from interneuromast cells through TGF-β in zebrafish. Dev Growth Differ 2024; 66:133-144. [PMID: 38281811 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages play a pivotal role in the response to injury, contributing significantly to the repair and regrowth of damaged tissues. The external lateral line system in aquatic organisms offers a practical model for studying regeneration, featuring interneuromast cells connecting sensory neuromasts. Under normal conditions, these cells remain dormant, but their transformation into neuromasts occurs when overcoming inhibitory signals from Schwann cells and posterior lateral line nerves. The mechanism enabling interneuromast cells to evade inhibition by Schwann cells remains unclear. Previous observations suggest that macrophages physically interact with neuromasts, nerves, and Schwann cells during regeneration. This interaction leads to the regeneration of neuromasts in a subset of zebrafish with ablated neuromasts. To explore whether macrophages achieve this effect through secreted cytokines, we conducted experiments involving tail amputation in zebrafish larvae and tested the impact of cytokine inhibitors on neuromast regeneration. Most injured larvae remarkably regenerated a neuromast within 4 days post-amputation. Intriguingly, removal of macrophages and inhibition of the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) significantly delayed neuromast regeneration. Conversely, inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) had minor effects on the regeneration process. This study provides insights into how macrophages activate interneuromast cells, elucidating the pathways underlying neuromast regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Hsu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ju Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Wang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Jye Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Lin MJ, Lee CM, Hsu WL, Chen BC, Lee SJ. Macrophages Break Interneuromast Cell Quiescence by Intervening in the Inhibition of Schwann Cells in the Zebrafish Lateral Line. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:907863. [PMID: 35846366 PMCID: PMC9285731 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.907863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the zebrafish lateral line system, interneuromast cells (INCs) between neuromasts are kept quiescent by underlying Schwann cells (SWCs). Upon severe injuries that cause the complete loss of an entire neuromast, INCs can occasionally differentiate into neuromasts but how they escape from the inhibition by SWCs is still unclear. Using a genetic/chemical method to ablate a neuromast precisely, we found that a small portion of larvae can regenerate a new neuromast. However, the residual regeneration capacity was hindered by inhibiting macrophages. Using in toto imaging, we further discovered heterogeneities in macrophage behavior and distribution along the lateral line. We witnessed the crawling of macrophages between the injured lateral line and SWCs during regeneration and between the second primordium and the first mature lateral line during development. It implies that macrophages may physically alleviate the nerve inhibition to break the dormancy of INCs during regeneration and development in the zebrafish lateral line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ju Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Chia-Ming Lee
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Wei-Lin Hsu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Bi-Chang Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Shyh-Jye Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- *Correspondence: Shyh-Jye Lee,
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4
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Seleit A, Ansai S, Yamahira K, Masengi KWA, Naruse K, Centanin L. Diversity of lateral line patterns and neuromast numbers in the genus Oryzias. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:273715. [PMID: 34897518 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A remarkable diversity of lateral line patterns exists in adult teleost fishes, the basis of which is largely unknown. By analysing the lateral line patterns and organ numbers in 29 Oryzias species and strains we report a rapid diversification of the lateral line system within this genus. We show a strong dependence of lateral line elaboration (number of neuromasts per cluster, number of parallel lateral lines) on adult species body size irrespective of phylogenetic relationships. In addition, we report that the degree of elaboration of the anterior lateral line, posterior lateral line and caudal neuromast clusters is tightly linked within species, arguing for a globally coordinated mechanism controlling lateral line organ numbers and patterns. We provide evidence for a polygenic control over neuromast numbers and positioning in the genus Oryzias. Our data also indicate that the diversity in lateral lines can arise as a result of differences in patterning both during embryonic development and post-embryonically, where simpler embryonic patterns generate less complex adult patterns and organ numbers, arguing for a linkage between the two processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Seleit
- Laboratory of Clonal Analysis of Post-Embryonic Stem Cells, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg Universität, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,The Hartmut Hoffmann-Berling International Graduate School of Molecular and Cellular Biology (HBIGS), University of Heidelberg, 69120Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Satoshi Ansai
- Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yamahira
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Kawilarang W A Masengi
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, 95115 Manado, Indonesia
| | - Kiyoshi Naruse
- Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Lázaro Centanin
- Laboratory of Clonal Analysis of Post-Embryonic Stem Cells, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg Universität, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Seleit A, Gross K, Onistschenko J, Hoang OP, Theelke J, Centanin L. Local tissue interactions govern pLL patterning in medaka. Dev Biol 2021; 481:1-13. [PMID: 34517003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate organs are arranged in a stereotypic, species-specific position along the animal body plan. Substantial morphological variation exists between related species, especially so in the vastly diversified teleost clade. It is still unclear how tissues, organs and systems can accommodate such diverse scaffolds. Here, we use the distinctive arrangement of neuromasts in the posterior lateral line (pLL) system of medaka fish to address the tissue-interactions defining a pattern. We show that patterning in this peripheral nervous system is established by autonomous organ precursors independent of neuronal wiring. In addition, we target the keratin 15 gene to generate stuck-in-the-midline (siml) mutants, which display epithelial lesions and a disrupted pLL patterning. By using siml/wt chimeras, we determine that the aberrant siml pLL pattern depends on the mutant epithelium, since a wild type epithelium can rescue the siml phenotype. Inducing epithelial lesions by 2-photon laser ablation during pLL morphogenesis phenocopies siml genetic mutants and reveals that epithelial integrity defines the final position of the embryonic pLL neuromasts. Our results using the medaka pLL disentangle intrinsic from extrinsic properties during the establishment of a sensory system. We speculate that intrinsic programs guarantee proper organ morphogenesis, while instructive interactions from surrounding tissues facilitates the accommodation of sensory organs to the diverse body plans found among teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Seleit
- Laboratory of Clonal Analysis of Post-Embryonic Stem Cells, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School (HBIGS), Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karen Gross
- Laboratory of Clonal Analysis of Post-Embryonic Stem Cells, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School (HBIGS), Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Onistschenko
- Laboratory of Clonal Analysis of Post-Embryonic Stem Cells, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School (HBIGS), Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oi Pui Hoang
- Laboratory of Clonal Analysis of Post-Embryonic Stem Cells, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Theelke
- Laboratory of Clonal Analysis of Post-Embryonic Stem Cells, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lázaro Centanin
- Laboratory of Clonal Analysis of Post-Embryonic Stem Cells, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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6
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Current Advances in Comprehending Dynamics of Regenerating Axons and Axon-Glia Interactions after Peripheral Nerve Injury in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052484. [PMID: 33801205 PMCID: PMC7957880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Following an injury, axons of both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) degenerate through a coordinated and genetically conserved mechanism known as Wallerian degeneration (WD). Unlike central axons, severed peripheral axons have a higher capacity to regenerate and reinnervate their original targets, mainly because of the favorable environment that they inhabit and the presence of different cell types. Even though many aspects of regeneration in peripheral nerves have been studied, there is still a lack of understanding regarding the dynamics of axonal degeneration and regeneration, mostly due to the inherent limitations of most animal models. In this scenario, the use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae combined with time-lapse microscopy currently offers a unique experimental opportunity to monitor the dynamics of the regenerative process in the PNS in vivo. This review summarizes the current knowledge and advances made in understanding the dynamics of the regenerative process of PNS axons. By using different tools available in zebrafish such as electroablation of the posterior lateral line nerve (pLLn), and laser-mediated transection of motor and sensory axons followed by time-lapse microscopy, researchers are beginning to unravel the complexity of the spatiotemporal interactions among different cell types during the regenerative process. Thus, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the degeneration and regeneration of peripheral nerves will open new avenues in the treatment of acute nerve trauma or chronic conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases.
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7
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Thomas ED, Raible DW. Distinct progenitor populations mediate regeneration in the zebrafish lateral line. eLife 2019; 8:43736. [PMID: 30834891 PMCID: PMC6433462 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensory hair cells of the zebrafish lateral line regenerate rapidly following damage. These renewed hair cells arise from the proliferation of surrounding support cells, which undergo symmetric division to produce two hair cell daughters. Given the continued regenerative capacity of the lateral line, support cells presumably have the ability to replenish themselves. Utilizing novel transgenic lines, we identified support cell populations with distinct progenitor identities. These populations show differences in their ability to generate new hair cells during homeostasis and regeneration. Targeted ablation of support cells reduced the number of regenerated hair cells. Furthermore, progenitors regenerated after targeted support cell ablation in the absence of hair cell damage. We also determined that distinct support cell populations are independently regulated by Notch signaling. The existence of independent progenitor populations could provide flexibility for the continued generation of new hair cells under a variety of conditions throughout the life of the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Thomas
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - David W Raible
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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8
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Montalbano G, Capillo G, Laurà R, Abbate F, Levanti M, Guerrera MC, Ciriaco E, Germanà A. Neuromast hair cells retain the capacity of regeneration during heavy metal exposure. Ann Anat 2018; 218:183-189. [PMID: 29719206 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The neuromast is the morphological unit of the lateral line of fishes and is composed of a cluster of central sensory cells (hair cells) surrounded by support and mantle cells. Heavy metals exposure leads to disruption of hair cells within the neuromast. It is well known that the zebrafish has the ability to regenerate the hair cells after damage caused by toxicants. The process of regeneration depends on proliferation, differentiation and cellular migration of sensory and non-sensory progenitor cells. Therefore, our study was made in order to identify which cellular types are involved in the complex process of regeneration during heavy metals exposure. For this purpose, adult zebrafish were exposed to various heavy metals (Arsenic, cadmium and zinc) for 72h. After acute (24h) exposure, immunohistochemical localization of S100 (a specific marker for hair cells) in the neuromasts highlighted the hair cells loss. The immunoreaction for Sox2 (a specific marker for stem cells), at the same time, was observed in the support and mantle cells, after exposure to arsenic and cadmium, while only in the support cells after exposure to zinc. After chronic (72h) exposure the hair cells were regenerated, showing an immunoreaction for S100 protein. At the same exposure time to the three metals, a Sox2 immunoreaction was expressed in support and mantle cells. Our results showed for the first time the regenerative capacity of hair cells, not only after, but also during exposure to heavy metals, demonstrated by the presence of different stem cells that can diversify in hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Montalbano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Italy
| | - G Capillo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - R Laurà
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Italy
| | - F Abbate
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Italy
| | - M Levanti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Italy
| | - M C Guerrera
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Italy.
| | - E Ciriaco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Italy
| | - A Germanà
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Italy
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9
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Viader-Llargués O, Lupperger V, Pola-Morell L, Marr C, López-Schier H. Live cell-lineage tracing and machine learning reveal patterns of organ regeneration. eLife 2018; 7:30823. [PMID: 29595471 PMCID: PMC5903862 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the intrinsically stochastic nature of damage, sensory organs recapitulate normal architecture during repair to maintain function. Here we present a quantitative approach that combines live cell-lineage tracing and multifactorial classification by machine learning to reveal how cell identity and localization are coordinated during organ regeneration. We use the superficial neuromasts in larval zebrafish, which contain three cell classes organized in radial symmetry and a single planar-polarity axis. Visualization of cell-fate transitions at high temporal resolution shows that neuromasts regenerate isotropically to recover geometric order, proportions and polarity with exceptional accuracy. We identify mediolateral position within the growing tissue as the best predictor of cell-fate acquisition. We propose a self-regulatory mechanism that guides the regenerative process to identical outcome with minimal extrinsic information. The integrated approach that we have developed is simple and broadly applicable, and should help define predictive signatures of cellular behavior during the construction of complex tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Viader-Llargués
- Unit Sensory Biology & Organogenesis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Laboratory of Sensory Cell Biology, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valerio Lupperger
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Laura Pola-Morell
- Unit Sensory Biology & Organogenesis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Laboratory of Sensory Cell Biology, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carsten Marr
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hernán López-Schier
- Unit Sensory Biology & Organogenesis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Laboratory of Sensory Cell Biology, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Seleit A, Krämer I, Ambrosio E, Dross N, Engel U, Centanin L. Sequential organogenesis sets two parallel sensory lines in medaka. Development 2017; 144:687-697. [PMID: 28087632 PMCID: PMC5312036 DOI: 10.1242/dev.142752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Animal organs are typically formed during embryogenesis by following one specific developmental programme. Here, we report that neuromast organs are generated by two distinct and sequential programmes that result in parallel sensory lines in medaka embryos. A ventral posterior lateral line (pLL) is composed of neuromasts deposited by collectively migrating cells whereas a midline pLL is formed by individually migrating cells. Despite the variable number of neuromasts among embryos, the sequential programmes that we describe here fix an invariable ratio between ventral and midline neuromasts. Mechanistically, we show that the formation of both types of neuromasts depends on the chemokine receptor genes cxcr4b and cxcr7b, illustrating how common molecules can mediate different morphogenetic processes. Altogether, we reveal a self-organising feature of the lateral line system that ensures a proper distribution of sensory organs along the body axis. Summary: Two parallel sensory lines in medaka share a common origin and are composed of identical organs that are, nevertheless, generated through different morphogenetic programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Seleit
- Animal Physiology and Development, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,The Hartmut Hoffmann-Berling International Graduate School of Molecular and Cellular Biology (HBIGS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabel Krämer
- Animal Physiology and Development, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,The Hartmut Hoffmann-Berling International Graduate School of Molecular and Cellular Biology (HBIGS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Ambrosio
- Animal Physiology and Development, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Nicolas Dross
- Animal Physiology and Development, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,Nikon Imaging Center at the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Engel
- Animal Physiology and Development, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,Nikon Imaging Center at the University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lázaro Centanin
- Animal Physiology and Development, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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