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Three functional mutation sites affect the immune response of pigs through altering the expression pattern and IgV domain of the CD4 protein. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:91. [PMID: 33297958 PMCID: PMC7724863 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CD4 protein is an important surface marker of T lymphocytes, which can mediate the antigen presentation process by interacting with MHC II and TCR molecules in human and mouse. RESULTS In this study, two haplotypes (A and B) of the CD4 gene were found within Chinese indigenous and Western commercial pig breeds. These two haplotypes were defined by 22 fully linked SNPs in the CDS region of the CD4 gene. The expression level and localization of the CD4 protein were significantly different between haplotypes A and B. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the immune response-related genes and signaling pathways were down-regulated in genotype AA. Finally, three linked functional SNPs were identified, which affected the expression level and membrane localization of the CD4 protein in pigs. These three SNPs led to the replacements of two amino acids in the IgV1 domain of the CD4 protein, and related to the function of the CD4 protein in the immune response. CONCLUSION These three linked SNPs were the key functional mutation sites in the CD4 gene, which played important roles in the immune response, and could be utilized as new molecular markers in breeding for disease resistance in pigs.
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Ohshima S, Matsubara T, Miyamoto A, Shigenari A, Imaeda N, Takasu M, Tanaka M, Shiina T, Suzuki S, Hirayama N, Kitagawa H, Kulski JK, Ando A, Kametani Y. Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies recognizing two CD4 isotypes of Microminipigs. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242572. [PMID: 33237936 PMCID: PMC7688132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) molecule expressed on the leukocytes is known to function as a co-receptor for class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) binding to T cell receptor (TCR) on helper T cells. We previously identified two CD4 alleles (CD4.A and CD4.B) in a Microminipig population based on nucleotide sequencing and PCR detection of their gene sequences. However, CD4.B protein expression was not examined because of the unavailability of a reactive antibody to a CD4.B epitope. In this study, we have produced two swine-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CD4.B molecules, one that recognizes only CD4.B (b1D7) and the other that recognizes both the CD4.A and CD4.B alleles (x1E10) and that can be used to distinguish CD4 T cell subsets by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Using these two mAbs, we identified CD4.A and CD4.B allele-specific proteins on the surface of CD4.A (+/+) and CD4.B (+/+) T cells at a similar level of expression. Moreover, stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from CD4.A (+/+) and CD4.B (+/+) swine with toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) in vitro similarly activated both groups of cells that exhibited a slight increase in the CD4/CD8 double positive (DP) cell ratio. A large portion of the DP cells from the allelic CD4.A (+/+) and CD4.B (+/+) groups enhanced the total CD4 and class I swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) expression. The x1E10 mAb delayed and reduced the TSST-1-induced activation of CD4 T cells. Thus, CD4.B appears to be a functional protein whose expression on activated T cells is analogous to CD4.A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Ohshima
- Division of Basic Medical Science, Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Matsubara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Asuka Miyamoto
- Division of Basic Medical Science, Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsuko Shigenari
- Division of Basic Medical Science, Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriaki Imaeda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masaki Takasu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masafumi Tanaka
- Division of Basic Medical Science, Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiina
- Division of Basic Medical Science, Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shingo Suzuki
- Division of Basic Medical Science, Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriaki Hirayama
- Institute of Advanced Biosciences, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kitagawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jerzy K. Kulski
- Division of Basic Medical Science, Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, UWA Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Asako Ando
- Division of Basic Medical Science, Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kametani
- Division of Basic Medical Science, Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Biosciences, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Impact of a CD4 gene haplotype on the immune response in minipigs. Immunogenetics 2017; 70:209-222. [PMID: 29052750 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-017-1037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) molecule functions as a co-receptor for MHC class II binding to TCR in T helper cells. A CD4 epitope deficiency was identified in the swine MeLiM (melanoblastoma-bearing Libechov minipig) strain, a model for spontaneous cutaneous melanoma development and regression. Extensive sequencing revealed a high genetic variability of CD4 and the existence of several haplotypes segregating in MeLiM. Forty polymorphisms were identified in the coding sequence, out of which 20 correspond to non-synonymous variants and 10 are located in the 3'UTR of CD4 transcripts. One of the haplotypes segregating in the MeLiM explained the epitope deficiency observed. An association analysis between CD4 genotype and several phenotypes related to tumor regression was performed in 267 animals. An association was evidenced between a MeLiM alternative CD4 haplotype and skin and eye depigmentation, as well as the extent of hair depigmentation. Also, seric IgG concentration was shown to be higher in pigs carrying the alternative haplotype at the homozygous state. In conclusion, the genetic variability of the CD4 gene is associated with immune response-related phenotypes in MeLiM minipigs.
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Eguchi-Ogawa T, Matsubara T, Toki D, Okumura N, Ando A, Kitagawa H, Uenishi H. Distribution of the CD4 Alleles in Sus scrofa Demonstrates the Genetic Profiles of Western Breeds and Miniature Pigs. Anim Biotechnol 2017; 29:227-233. [PMID: 29035142 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2017.1367691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Widely used antipig CD4 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) fail to recognize CD4 alleles characteristic of miniature pig lines such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) miniature pigs and microminipigs. We surveyed polymorphisms in the coding sequence of the porcine CD4 gene among Western and Oriental pig breeds and Japanese wild boars and investigated their distribution. Of the 13 alleles that we identified among the 47 animals, 2 in group I and 3 in group II were found exclusively in Western breed pigs. Group IV alleles, which included mAb-nonbinding alleles, were found frequently in Oriental breed pigs, suggesting that the mAb-nonbinding allele arose from the gene pool of Oriental pigs. Group IV alleles were also found in Duroc and Large White pigs, suggesting genetic inflow from Oriental pig breeds into Western breeds. Comparison of the CD4 sequences of species in Cetartiodactyla suggested that the group IV alleles in Sus scrofa occurred before the divergence of this species from the other artiodactyls. The different antibody specificities of the various CD4 alleles may facilitate the discrimination of T-cell populations in transplantation studies using miniature pigs. The significance of the preservation of CD4 polymorphisms to immune function in pigs warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Eguchi-Ogawa
- a Animal Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences , Tsukuba , Ibaraki , Japan.,b Office of Evaluation, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsukuba , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Tatsuya Matsubara
- c United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
| | - Daisuke Toki
- d Animal Research DIvision , Institute of Japan Association for Techno-innovation in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries , Tsukuba , Ibaraki , Japan.,e Daisuke Toki, National Livestock Breeding Center , Nishigo , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Naohiko Okumura
- d Animal Research DIvision , Institute of Japan Association for Techno-innovation in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries , Tsukuba , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Asako Ando
- f Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine , Isehara , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kitagawa
- c United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
| | - Hirohide Uenishi
- a Animal Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences , Tsukuba , Ibaraki , Japan.,g Animal Bioregulation Unit, Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsukuba , Ibaraki , Japan
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