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Li Y. DNA Adducts in Cancer Chemotherapy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:5113-5143. [PMID: 38552031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
DNA adducting drugs, including alkylating agents and platinum-containing drugs, are prominent in cancer chemotherapy. Their mechanisms of action involve direct interaction with DNA, resulting in the formation of DNA addition products known as DNA adducts. While these adducts are well-accepted to induce cancer cell death, understanding of their specific chemotypes and their role in drug therapy response remain limited. This perspective aims to address this gap by investigating the metabolic activation and chemical characterization of DNA adducts formed by the U.S. FDA-approved drugs. Moreover, clinical studies on DNA adducts as potential biomarkers for predicting patient responses to drug efficacy are examined. The overarching goal is to engage the interest of medicinal chemists and stimulate further research into the use of DNA adducts as biomarkers for guiding personalized cancer treatment.
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Guidolin V, Jacobs FC, MacMillan ML, Villalta PW, Balbo S. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Screening of Cyclophosphamide DNA Damage In Vitro and in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy Treatment. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1278-1289. [PMID: 37490747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
DNA alkylating drugs have been used as frontline medications to treat cancer for decades. Their chemical reaction with DNA leads to the blockage of DNA replication, which impacts cell replication. While this impacts rapidly dividing cancerous cells, this process is not selective and results in highly variable and often severe side effects in patients undergoing alkylating-drug based therapies. The development of biomarkers to identify patients who effectively respond with tolerable toxicities vs patients who develop serious side effects is needed. Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug and lacks biomarkers to evaluate its therapeutic effect and toxicity. Upon administration, CPA is metabolically activated and converted to phosphoramide mustard and acrolein, which are responsible for its efficacy and toxicity, respectively. Previous studies have explored the detection of the major DNA adduct of CPA, the interstrand DNA-DNA cross-link G-NOR-G, finding differences in the cross-link amount between Fanconi Anemia and non-Fanconi Anemia patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment. In this study, we take advantage of our DNA adductomic approach to comprehensively profile CPA's and its metabolites' reactions with DNA in vitro and in patients undergoing CPA-based chemotherapy. This investigation led to the detection of 40 DNA adducts in vitro and 20 DNA adducts in patients treated with CPA. Moreover, acrolein-derived DNA adducts were quantified in patient samples. The results suggest that CPA-DNA damage is very complex, and an evaluation of DNA adduct profiles is necessary when evaluating the relationship between CPA-DNA damage and patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Guidolin
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Foster C Jacobs
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Margaret L MacMillan
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Peter W Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Guidolin V, Li Y, Jacobs FC, MacMillan ML, Villalta PW, Hecht SS, Balbo S. Characterization and quantitation of busulfan DNA adducts in the blood of patients receiving busulfan therapy. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 28:197-210. [PMID: 36820303 PMCID: PMC9938526 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA alkylating drugs have been used as cancer chemotherapy with variable outcomes. The establishment of predictive biomarkers to identify patients who will effectively respond to treatment would allow for the development of personalized therapies. As the degree of interaction of alkylating drug with DNA plays a key role in their mechanism of action, our hypothesis is that the measurement of the DNA adducts formed by alkylating drugs could be used to inform patient stratification. Beginning with busulfan, we took advantage of our DNA adductomic approach to characterize DNA adducts formed by reacting busulfan with calf-thymus DNA. Samples collected from six patients undergoing busulfan-based chemotherapy prior to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation were analyzed for the presence of busulfan-derived DNA adducts. Among the 15 adducts detected in vitro, 12 were observed in the patient blood confirming the presence of a large profile of DNA adducts in vivo. Two of the detected adducts were structurally confirmed by comparison with synthetic standards and quantified in patients. These data confirm our ability to comprehensively characterize busulfan-derived DNA damage and set the stage for the development of methods to support personalized chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Guidolin
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yupeng Li
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Foster C. Jacobs
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Margaret L. MacMillan
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,Blood and Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Peter W. Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,Corresponding author: Silvia Balbo, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6 Street SE - 2-145 CCRB, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Cui Y, Wang Y. Mass spectrometry-based DNA adductomics. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Ho YK, Loke KM, Woo JY, Lee YL, Too HP. Cryopreservation does not change the performance and characteristics of allogenic mesenchymal stem cells highly over-expressing a cytoplasmic therapeutic transgene for cancer treatment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:519. [PMID: 36376945 PMCID: PMC9663191 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) driven gene directed enzyme prodrug therapy is a promising approach to deliver therapeutic agents to target heterogenous solid tumours. To democratize such a therapy, cryopreservation along with cold chain transportation is an essential part of the logistical process and supply chain. Previously, we have successfully engineered MSCs by a non-viral DNA transfection approach for prolonged and exceptionally high expression of the fused transgene cytosine deaminase, uracil phosphoribosyl transferase and green fluorescent protein (CD::UPRT::GFP). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of cryopreservation of MSCs engineered to highly overexpress this cytoplasmic therapeutic transgene. Methods Modified MSCs were preserved in a commercially available, GMP-grade cryopreservative—CryoStor10 (CS10) for up to 11 months. Performance of frozen-modified MSCs was compared to freshly modified equivalents in vitro. Cancer killing potency was evaluated using four different cancer cell lines. Migratory potential was assessed using matrigel invasion assay and flow cytometric analysis for CXCR4 expression. Frozen-modified MSC was used to treat canine patients via intra-tumoral injections, or by intravenous infusion followed by a daily dose of 5-flucytosine (5FC). Results We found that cryopreservation did not affect the transgene expression, cell viability, adhesion, phenotypic profile, and migration of gene modified canine adipose tissue derived MSCs. In the presence of 5FC, the thawed and freshly modified MSCs showed comparable cytotoxicity towards one canine and three human cancer cell lines in vitro. These cryopreserved cells were stored for about a year and then used to treat no-option-left canine patients with two different types of cancers and notably, the patients showed progression-free interval of more than 20 months, evidence of the effectiveness in treating spontaneously occurring cancers. Conclusion This study supports the use of cryopreserved, off-the-shelf transiently transfected MSCs for cancer treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03198-z.
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