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Martins ILF, Almeida FVDS, Souza KPD, Brito FCFD, Rodrigues GD, Scaramello CBV. Reviewing Atrial Fibrillation Pathophysiology from a Network Medicine Perspective: The Relevance of Structural Remodeling, Inflammation, and the Immune System. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1364. [PMID: 37374146 DOI: 10.3390/life13061364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of sustained arrhythmia. The numerous gaps concerning the knowledge of its mechanism make improving clinical management difficult. As omics technologies allow more comprehensive insight into biology and disease at a molecular level, bioinformatics encompasses valuable tools for studying systems biology, as well as combining and modeling multi-omics data and networks. Network medicine is a subarea of network biology where disease traits are considered perturbations within the interactome. With this approach, potential disease drivers can be revealed, and the effect of drugs, novel or repurposed, used alone or in combination, may be studied. Thus, this work aims to review AF pathology from a network medicine perspective, helping researchers to comprehend the disease more deeply. Essential concepts involved in network medicine are highlighted, and specific research applying network medicine to study AF is discussed. Additionally, data integration through literature mining and bioinformatics tools, with network building, is exemplified. Together, all of the data show the substantial role of structural remodeling, the immune system, and inflammation in this disease etiology. Despite this, there are still gaps to be filled about AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivis Levy Fernandes Martins
- Research Nucleus on Plasticity, Epidemiology and In-Silico Studies (NUPPEESI), Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flávia Valéria Dos Santos Almeida
- Research Nucleus on Plasticity, Epidemiology and In-Silico Studies (NUPPEESI), Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karyne Pollo de Souza
- Research Nucleus on Plasticity, Epidemiology and In-Silico Studies (NUPPEESI), Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Dias Rodrigues
- Experimental and Applied Physiology Lab (LAFEA), Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20126 Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Christianne Bretas Vieira Scaramello
- Research Nucleus on Plasticity, Epidemiology and In-Silico Studies (NUPPEESI), Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Experimental Pharmacology Lab (LAFE), Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24020-141, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Wang J, Guo R, Ma X, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zheng N, Zhang J, Li C. Liraglutide inhibits AngII-induced cardiac fibroblast proliferation and ECM deposition through regulating miR-21/PTEN/PI3K pathway. Cell Tissue Bank 2023; 24:125-137. [PMID: 35792987 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-022-10021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac fibrosis characterized with the aberrant proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition is a major pathophysiological feature of atrial fibrillation (AF). Liraglutide has exerted an alleviative role in various cardiovascular diseases, and can also regulate the level of microRNAs (miRNAs). It has been reported that miR-21 modulated cardiac fibrosis in AF. However, the regulative effect of liraglutide on atrial fibrosis via miR-21 and the underlying mechanism are still unclear. METHODS The atrial fibroblasts were isolated from the heart of C57BL/6 mice, and treated with Angiotensin II (AngII) and liraglutide. The proliferation, migration, and ECM deposition were determined by cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Brdu, transwell assay, cell scratch, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot and immunofluorescence. The underlying mechanism was explored after transfection of miR-21 mimics into cells. RESULTS Liraglutide inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion of fibroblast cell and ECM deposition in AngII-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts. Additionally, liraglutide decreased the AngII-induced increase in the expression level of miR-21, but enhanced the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a target of miR-21, thereby suppressing the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway. Rescue assay confirmed that overexpression of miR-21 counteracted the ameliorative effect of liraglutide on the proliferation, migration, invasion and ECM deposition in fibroblasts stimulated by AngII. CONCLUSIONS Liraglutide dampened AngII-induced proliferation and migration, and ECM deposition of cardiac fibroblast via modulating miR-21/PTEN/PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China.
| | - Run Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Chenchen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
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