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Chen QY, Gao B, Tong D, Huang C. Crosstalk between extracellular vesicles and tumor-associated macrophage in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2023; 552:215979. [PMID: 36306939 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In concert with hijacking key genes to drive tumor progression, cancer cells also have the unique ability to dynamically interact with host microenvironment and discreetly manipulate the surrounding stroma, also known as the tumor microenvironment (TME), to provide optimal conditions for tumor cells to thrive and evade host immunity. Complex cellular crosstalk and molecular signaling between cancer cells, surrounding non-malignant cells, and non-cellular components are involved in this process. While intercellular communication traditionally centers around chemokines, cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and growth factors, emerging pathways involving extracellular vesicles (EVs) are gaining increasing attention. The immunosuppressive TME is created and maintained in part by the large abundance of tumor-associated macrophages (TMAs), which are associated with drug resistance, poor prognosis, and have emerged as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. TMAs are highly dynamic, and can be polarized into either M1 or M2-like macrophages. EVs are efficient cell-cell communication molecules that have been catapulted to the center of TMA polarization. In this article, we provide detailed examination of the determinative role of EVs in sustaining the TME through mediating crosstalk between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Dongdong Tong
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Biomedical Experimental Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Environmenta and Genes Related to Diseases Key Laboratory of Education Ministry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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Ultrasensitive Detection of GRP78 in Exosomes and Observation of Migration and Proliferation of Cancer Cells by Application of GRP78-Containing Exosomes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163887. [PMID: 36010879 PMCID: PMC9405752 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer cells release exosomes to their surrounding cells, and it is believed that trace amounts of proteins included in exosomes promote cancer stemness. In the present study, we note 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), which is involved in cancer progression, and present the protocol for measurements of trace amounts of GRP78 in exosomes released from cultured gastric cancer cells using an ultrasensitive ELISA with thio-NAD cycling. We found that when high-GRP78-containing exosomes were incubated with cultured cancer cells, these cells increased their stemness, for example, an increase in indices of both an MTT assay and a wound healing assay. The technique for quantifying proteins in exosomes described here will advance our understanding of cancer stemness progression via exosomes. Abstract Cancer cells communicate with each other via exosomes in the tumor microenvironment. However, measuring trace amounts of proteins in exosomes is difficult, and thus the cancer stemness-promoting mechanisms of exosomal proteins have not been elucidated. In the present study, we attempted to quantify trace amounts of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), which is involved in cancer progression, in exosomes released from cultured gastric cancer cells using an ultrasensitive ELISA combined with thio-NAD cycling. We also evaluated the cancer stemness-promoting effects by the application of high-GRP78-containing exosomes to cultured gastric cancer cells. The ultrasensitive ELISA enabled the detection of GRP78 at a limit of detection of 0.16 pg/mL. The stemness of cancer cultured cells incubated with high-GRP78-containing exosomes obtained from GRP78-overexpressed cells was increased on the basis of both an MTT assay and a wound healing assay. Our results demonstrated that the ultrasensitive ELISA has strong potential to measure trace amounts of proteins in exosomes. Further, exosomes with a high concentration of GRP78 promote the cancer stemness of surrounding cells. The technique for quantifying proteins in exosomes described here will advance our understanding of cancer stemness progression via exosomes.
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Iha K, Tsurusawa N, Tsai HY, Lin MW, Sonoda H, Watabe S, Yoshimura T, Ito E. Ultrasensitive ELISA detection of proteins in separated lumen and membrane fractions of cancer cell exosomes. Anal Biochem 2022; 654:114831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Di Vito Nolfi M, Vecchiotti D, Flati I, Verzella D, Di Padova M, Alesse E, Capece D, Zazzeroni F. EV-Mediated Chemoresistance in the Tumor Microenvironment: Is NF-κB a Player? Front Oncol 2022; 12:933922. [PMID: 35814425 PMCID: PMC9257640 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.933922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major impediment to patient survival and remains the primary cause of unsuccessful cancer therapy. Drug resistance occurs in many tumors and is frequently induced by chemotherapy which triggers a defensive response both in cancerous and cancer-associated cells that constitute the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cell to cell communication within the TME is often mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) which carry specific tumor-promoting factors able to activate survival pathways and immune escape mechanisms, thus sustaining tumor progression and therapy resistance. NF-κB has been recognized as a crucial player in this context. NF-κB activation is involved in EVs release and EVs, in turn, can trigger NF-κB pathway activation in specific contexts, based on secreting cytotype and their specific delivered cargo. In this review, we discuss the role of NF-κB/EVs interplay that sustain chemoresistance in the TME by focusing on the molecular mechanisms that underlie inflammation, EVs release, and acquired drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daria Capece
- *Correspondence: Francesca Zazzeroni, ; Daria Capece,
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Li X, Su L, Zhang X, Chen Q, Wang Y, Shen Z, Zhong T, Wang L, Xiao Y, Feng X, Yu X. Recent Advances on the Function and Purification of Milk Exosomes: A Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:871346. [PMID: 35757254 PMCID: PMC9219579 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.871346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-scale extracellular vesicles, which can be used as drug carriers, tumor treatment, intestinal development and immune regulator. That is why it has great potential in pharmacy, functional foods, nutritional supplements, especially those for infants, postoperative patients, chemotherapy patients and the elderly. In addition, abnormal exosome level is also related to diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, tumor, diabetes, neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases, as well as infectious diseases. Despite its high biological significance, pharmaceutical and nutritional value, the low abundancy of exosomes in milk is one of the bottlenecks restricting its in-depth research and real-life application. At present, there is no unified standard for the extraction of breast milk exosomes. Therefore, choosing the proper extraction method is very critical for its subsequent research and development. Based on this, this paper reviewed the purification techniques, the function and the possible applications of milk exosomes based on 47 latest references. Humble advices on future directions, prospects on new ideas and methods which are useful for the study of exosomes are proposed at the end of the paper as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Su
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinling Zhang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Shen
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Zhong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangzhou, China
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Walsh SA, Hoyt BW, Rowe CJ, Dey D, Davis TA. Alarming Cargo: The Role of Exosomes in Trauma-Induced Inflammation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040522. [PMID: 33807302 PMCID: PMC8065643 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe polytraumatic injury initiates a robust immune response. Broad immune dysfunction in patients with such injuries has been well-documented; however, early biomarkers of immune dysfunction post-injury, which are critical for comprehensive intervention and can predict the clinical course of patients, have not been reported. Current circulating markers such as IL-6 and IL-10 are broad, non-specific, and lag behind the clinical course of patients. General blockade of the inflammatory response is detrimental to patients, as a certain degree of regulated inflammation is critical and necessary following trauma. Exosomes, small membrane-bound extracellular vesicles, found in a variety of biofluids, carry within them a complex functional cargo, comprised of coding and non-coding RNAs, proteins, and metabolites. Composition of circulating exosomal cargo is modulated by changes in the intra- and extracellular microenvironment, thereby serving as a homeostasis sensor. With its extensively documented involvement in immune regulation in multiple pathologies, study of exosomal cargo in polytrauma patients can provide critical insights on trauma-specific, temporal immune dysregulation, with tremendous potential to serve as unique biomarkers and therapeutic targets for timely and precise intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Walsh
- USU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.A.W.); (B.W.H.); (C.J.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Benjamin W. Hoyt
- USU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.A.W.); (B.W.H.); (C.J.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Cassie J. Rowe
- USU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.A.W.); (B.W.H.); (C.J.R.); (D.D.)
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Devaveena Dey
- USU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.A.W.); (B.W.H.); (C.J.R.); (D.D.)
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Thomas A. Davis
- USU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.A.W.); (B.W.H.); (C.J.R.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Aoi W, Tanimura Y. Roles of Skeletal Muscle-Derived Exosomes in Organ Metabolic and Immunological Communication. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:697204. [PMID: 34594301 PMCID: PMC8476901 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.697204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles secrete various factors, such as proteins/peptides, nucleotides, and metabolites, which are referred to as myokines. Many of these factors are transported into extracellular bodily fluids in a free or protein-bound form. Furthermore, several secretory factors have been shown to be wrapped up by small vesicles, particularly exosomes, secreted into circulation, and subsequently regulate recipient cells. Thus, exosome contents can be recognized as myokines. In recipient cells, proteins, microRNAs, and metabolites in exosomes can regulate the expression and activity of target proteins associated with nutrient metabolism and immune function. The levels of circulating exosomes and their contents are altered in muscle disorders and metabolic-related states, such as metabolic dysfunction, sarcopenia, and physical fitness. Therefore, such circulating factors could mediate various interactions between skeletal muscle and other organs and may be useful as biomarkers reflecting physiological and pathological states associated with muscular function. Here, this review summarizes secretory regulation of muscle-derived exosomes. Their metabolic and immunological roles and the significance of their circulating levels are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Aoi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
- *Correspondence: Wataru Aoi,
| | - Yuko Tanimura
- Department of Sport Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Jafari R, Rahbarghazi R, Ahmadi M, Hassanpour M, Rezaie J. Hypoxic exosomes orchestrate tumorigenesis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. J Transl Med 2020; 18:474. [PMID: 33302971 PMCID: PMC7731629 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The solid tumor microenvironment possesses a hypoxic condition, which promotes aggressiveness and resistance to therapies. Hypoxic tumor cells undergo broadly metabolic and molecular adaptations and communicate with surrounding cells to provide conditions promising for their homeostasis and metastasis. Extracellular vesicles such as exosomes originating from the endosomal pathway carry different types of biomolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids; participate in cell-to-cell communication. The exposure of cancer cells to hypoxic conditions, not only, increases exosomes biogenesis and secretion but also alters exosomes cargo. Under the hypoxic condition, different signaling pathways such as HIFs, Rab-GTPases, NF-κB, and tetraspanin are involved in the exosomes biogenesis. Hypoxic tumor cells release exosomes that induce tumorigenesis through promoting metastasis, angiogenesis, and modulating immune responses. Exosomes from hypoxic tumor cells hold great potential for clinical application and cancer diagnosis. Besides, targeting the biogenesis of these exosomes may be a therapeutic opportunity for reducing tumorigenesis. Exosomes can serve as a drug delivery system transferring therapeutic compounds to cancer cells. Understanding the detailed mechanisms involved in biogenesis and functions of exosomes under hypoxic conditions may help to develop effective therapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Jafari
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd, P.O. BoX: 1138, 57147, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Immunology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ahmadi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hassanpour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd, P.O. BoX: 1138, 57147, Urmia, Iran.
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Soraya H, Sani NA, Jabbari N, Rezaie J. Metformin Increases Exosome Biogenesis and Secretion in U87 MG Human Glioblastoma Cells: A Possible Mechanism of Therapeutic Resistance. Arch Med Res 2020; 52:151-162. [PMID: 33059952 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive brain tumor. Metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, can suppress tumor cells. Exosomes from GBM cells contribute to intercellular communication, tumor aggressiveness, and therapeutic resistance. We studied the effect of metformin on the exosomal secretory pathway in U87 MG cells. METHODS Cell survival against metformin was investigated using MTT assay. Expression of miRNA-21, miRNA-155, and miRNA-182, as well as the genes involved in exosome biogenesis and secretion such as Rab27a, Rab27b, Rab11, CD63, and Alix were calculated by real time-PCR. The expression of CD63 protein was analyzed by western blotting, while the subcellular distribution of CD63 protein was monitored by flow cytometry. Exosomes were characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopes, and flow cytometry. Amount of exosomes was assayed using acetylcholinesterase activity assay and ELISA. The expression of autophagic markers LC3 and P62 were assessed using ELISA. RESULTS Data showed that metformin decreased cell survival and expression of miRNA-21, miRNA-155, and miRNA-182 (p <0.05). Expression of Rab27a, Rab27b, Rab11, CD63, and Alix as well as protein level of CD63 up-regulated in treated cells (p <0.05). Concurrently, flow cytometry analysis showed that surface CD63/total CD63 ratio was increased in treated cells (p <0.05). We found that acetylcholinesterase activity and CD63 protein of exosomes from treated cells increased (p <0.05). The expression of LC3 and P62 was not affected by metformin (p >0.05). CONCLUSION Data indicates metformin could promote exosome biogenesis and secretion in U87 MG cells, proposing the therapeutic response against metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Soraya
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Neda Abbaspour Sani
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Nassrollah Jabbari
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Medical Physics and Imaging, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Kumar A, Deep G. Hypoxia in tumor microenvironment regulates exosome biogenesis: Molecular mechanisms and translational opportunities. Cancer Lett 2020; 479:23-30. [PMID: 32201202 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a key feature of solid tumors, associated with disease aggressiveness and poor outcome. Besides undergoing broad intracellular molecular and metabolic adaptations, hypoxic tumor cells extensively communicate with their microenvironment to concoct conditions favorable for their survival, growth and metastatic spread. This mode of communication is through diverse secretory factors including exosomes (extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin and ~30-150 nm in diameter) which could carry package of molecular information including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites wrapped in lipid bilayer. Numerous studies have concluded that hypoxia promotes exosomes secretion by cancer cells. Moreover, exosomal cargo is considerably altered under hypoxia, dictating tumor cells communication with its local and distant microenvironment. In this review, we have summarized the effects of hypoxia on exosomes (ExoHypoxic) secretion and cargo sorting (miRNAs, proteins, lipids and metabolites) as well as their biological effects in local and distant microenvironment. We have described the key molecular mechanisms (e.g. HIF-1α, ceramides, RAB GTPases, tetraspanins, oxidative stress etc) involved in the production of ExoHypoxic. Lastly, we have highlighted the potential usefulness of ExoHypoxic in cancer prognosis as well as therapeutic opportunities in targeting ExoHypoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Urology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Chen H, Zhang L, Zhang W, Wang S. Construction of discontinuous capillary isoelectric focusing system and its application in pre-fractionation of exosomal proteins. Talanta 2020; 208:119876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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12
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Severin MJ, Campagno RV, Brandoni A, Torres AM. Time evolution of methotrexate‐induced kidney injury: A comparative study between different biomarkers of renal damage in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:828-836. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Julia Severin
- Pharmacology Area Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences National University of Rosario CONICET Rosario Argentina
| | - Romina Valeria Campagno
- Pharmacology Area Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences National University of Rosario CONICET Rosario Argentina
| | - Anabel Brandoni
- Pharmacology Area Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences National University of Rosario CONICET Rosario Argentina
| | - Adriana Mónica Torres
- Pharmacology Area Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences National University of Rosario CONICET Rosario Argentina
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What if? Mouse proteomics after gene inactivation. J Proteomics 2019; 199:102-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Xiao Q, Ye Q, Wang W, Xiao J, Fu B, Xia Z, Zhang X, Liu Z, Zeng X. Mild hypothermia pretreatment protects against liver ischemia reperfusion injury via the PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7520-7526. [PMID: 28944825 PMCID: PMC5865885 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild hypothermia is known to protect against ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury. The exact mechanisms of the protection are not fully understood. Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a) has been defined as a critical mediator in cellular processes, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, cell death and DNA repair; however, the protection function in mild hypothermia has not been reported previously. The current study was designed to investigate the function of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/FOXO3a pathway in pretreatment with mild hypothermia during IR injury. Additionally, PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a signaling was inhibited using Ly294002 and the effect on the protective function of mild hypothermia pretreatment was evaluated. Furthermore, the apoptotic and inflammatory response induced by the IR injury was evaluated. Liver IR injury induced a significant increase in the level of apoptosis and inflammatory responses. However, pretreatment with mild hypothermia increased phospho (p)-AKT and p-FOXO3a following IR injury, and significantly reduced apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines release. However, inhibiting p-AKT and p-FOXO3a using Ly294002 suppressed the liver protection produced by mild hypothermia. In conclusion, these findings indicated that mild hypothermia pretreatment exhibited liver protective effects against IR injury associated with suppressing inflammatory cytokine release and apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xiao
- Department of Transplant Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Qifa Ye
- Department of Transplant Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Transplant Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jiansheng Xiao
- Department of Transplant Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Biqi Fu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Xia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xingjian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zhongzhong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xianpeng Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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Abramowicz A, Widlak P, Pietrowska M. Proteomic analysis of exosomal cargo: the challenge of high purity vesicle isolation. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 12:1407-19. [PMID: 27030573 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00082g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The re-discovery of exosomes as intercellular messengers with high potential for diagnostic and therapeutic utility has led to them becoming a popular topic of research in recent years. One of the essential research areas in this field is the characterization of exosomal cargo, which includes numerous non-randomly packed proteins and nucleic acids. Unexpectedly, a very challenging aspect of exploration of extracellular vesicles has turned out to be their effective and selective isolation. The plurality of developed protocols leads to qualitative and quantitative variability in terms of the obtained exosomes, which significantly affects the results of downstream analyses and makes them difficult to compare, reproduce and interpret between research groups. Currently, there is a general consensus among the exosome-oriented community concerning the urgent need for the optimization and standardization of methods employed for the purification of these vesicles. Hence, we review here several strategies for exosome preparation including ultracentrifugation, chemical precipitation, affinity capturing and filtration techniques. The advantages and disadvantages of different approaches are discussed with special emphasis being placed on their adequacy for proteomics applications, which are particularly sensitive to sample quality. We conclude that certain methods, exemplified by ultracentrifugation combined with iodixanol density gradient centrifugation or gel filtration, although labor-intensive, provide superior quality exosome preparations suitable for reliable analysis by mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Abramowicz
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Piotr Widlak
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Monika Pietrowska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland.
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16
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Soft-tissue damage during total knee arthroplasty: Focus on tourniquet-induced metabolic and ionic muscle impairment. J Orthop 2017; 14:347-353. [PMID: 28706378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Advantages of tourniquet use in TKA include benefits for surgeons and patients, varying from a bloodless operation site to a reduced intervention time. The time under ischemia and the reperfusion period are crucial phases for affected soft-tissue, most commonly the extensor mechanism. CASE REPORTS documented its impact on soft-tissue, ranging from necrotic muscle damage to systemic inflammation. Recently, research regarding tourniquet application patterns discuss clinical outcome parameters in the context of soft-tissue damage, excluding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. METHODS This review summarizes the molecular aspects of soft-tissue damage occurring during tourniquet application in TKA with special focus on ischemia/reperfusion injury. Recent meta-analyses and original trials were reviewed for data on muscle damage and are presented. CONCLUSION Although underlying pathomechanisms are well known and presented, clinical orthopedic research has so far not addressed this issue. In context of physical training, positive effects regarding postoperative recovery might be possible if more attention is paid to prepare involved muscle preoperatively to TKA (prehabilitation).
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17
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Prattichizzo F, Micolucci L, Cricca M, De Carolis S, Mensà E, Ceriello A, Procopio AD, Bonafè M, Olivieri F. Exosome-based immunomodulation during aging: A nano-perspective on inflamm-aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 168:44-53. [PMID: 28259747 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanovesicles formed by inward budding of endosomal membranes. They exert complex immunomodulatory effects on target cells, acting both as antigen-presenting vesicles and as shuttles for packets of information such as proteins, coding and non-coding RNA, and nuclear and mitochondrial DNA fragments. Albeit different, all such functions seem to be encompassed in the adaptive mechanism mediating the complex interactions of the organism with a variety of stressors, providing both for defense and for the evolution of symbiotic relationships with others organisms (gut microbiota, bacteria, and viruses). Intriguingly, the newly deciphered human virome and exosome biogenesis seem to share some physical-chemical characteristics and molecular mechanisms. Exosomes are involved in immune system recognition of self from non-self throughout life: they are therefore ideal candidate to modulate inflamm-aging, the chronic, systemic, age-related pro-inflammatory status, which influence the development/progression of the most common age-related diseases (ARDs). Not surprisingly, recent evidence has documented exosomal alteration during aging and in association with ARDs, even though data in this field are still limited. Here, we review current knowledge on exosome-based trafficking between immune cells and self/non-self cells (i.e. the virome), sketching a nano-perspective on inflamm-aging and on the mechanisms involved in health maintenance throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Prattichizzo
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS) and Centre of Biomedical Investigation on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders Network (CIBERDEM), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luigina Micolucci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Monica Cricca
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina De Carolis
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mensà
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Ceriello
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS) and Centre of Biomedical Investigation on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders Network (CIBERDEM), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Domenico Procopio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, National Institute INRCA-IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bonafè
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS) and Centre of Biomedical Investigation on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders Network (CIBERDEM), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, National Institute INRCA-IRCCS, Ancona, Italy.
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18
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Wang H, Wang B. Extracellular vesicle microRNAs mediate skeletal muscle myogenesis and disease. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:296-300. [PMID: 27588172 PMCID: PMC4997983 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle function is important for good health and independent living, and has been subject to numerous studies focused on skeletal muscle development, function and metabolism. However, progressive and degenerative changes in skeletal muscle function often occur following physiological and pathological stress, and these lead to the progression of diabetes, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular or respiratory diseases. Identifying the mechanisms that influence the processes regulating skeletal muscle function is a key priority. Recently, studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in regulating biological processes. For instance, exosomes are key tools for communication between cells. Therefore, by determining how select miRNAs are transported to target organs and initiate their effects, these results will help explain muscle and organ crosstalk, improve our understanding and application of current therapeutic approaches and lead to the identification of new therapeutic strategies and targets aimed at maintaining and/or improving skeletal muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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19
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Shelar SB, Narasimhan M, Shanmugam G, Litovsky SH, Gounder SS, Karan G, Arulvasu C, Kensler TW, Hoidal JR, Darley-Usmar VM, Rajasekaran NS. Disruption of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like 2 antioxidant signaling: a mechanism for impaired activation of stem cells and delayed regeneration of skeletal muscle. FASEB J 2016; 30:1865-79. [PMID: 26839378 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently we have reported that age-dependent decline in antioxidant levels accelerated apoptosis and skeletal muscle degeneration. Here, we demonstrate genetic ablation of the master cytoprotective transcription factor, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like 2 (Nrf2), aggravates cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced tibialis anterior (TA) muscle damage. Disruption of Nrf2 signaling sustained the CTX-induced burden of reactive oxygen species together with compromised expression of antioxidant genes and proteins. Transcript/protein expression of phenotypic markers of muscle differentiation, namely paired box 7 (satellite cell) and early myogenic differentiation and terminal differentiation (myogenin and myosin heavy chain 2) were increased on d 2 and 4 postinjury but later returned to baseline levels on d 8 and 15 in wild-type (WT) mice. In contrast, these responses were persistently augmented in Nrf2-null mice suggesting that regulation of the regeneration-related signaling mechanisms require Nrf2 for normal functioning. Furthermore, Nrf2-null mice displayed slower regeneration marked by dysregulation of embryonic myosin heavy chain temporal expression. Histologic observations illustrated that Nrf2-null mice displayed smaller, immature TA muscle fibers compared with WT counterparts on d 15 after CTX injury. Improvement in TA muscle morphology and gain in muscle mass evident in the WT mice was not noticeable in the Nrf2-null animals. Taken together these data show that the satellite cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation requires a functional Nrf2 system for effective healing following injury.-Shelar, S. B., Narasimhan, M., Shanmugam, G., Litovsky, S. H., Gounder, S. S., Karan, G., Arulvasu, C., Kensler, T. W., Hoidal, J. R., Darley-Usmar, V. M., Rajasekaran, N. S. Disruption of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like 2 antioxidant signaling: a mechanism for impaired activation of stem cells and delayed regeneration of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Balu Shelar
- Cardiac Aging and Redox Signaling Laboratory, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Madhusudhanan Narasimhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Gobinath Shanmugam
- Cardiac Aging and Redox Signaling Laboratory, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Silvio Hector Litovsky
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sellamuthu S Gounder
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine/Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas W Kensler
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John R Hoidal
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine/Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Namakkal S Rajasekaran
- Cardiac Aging and Redox Signaling Laboratory, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine/Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA;
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20
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Lindoso RS, Sandim V, Collino F, Carvalho AB, Dias J, da Costa MR, Zingali RB, Vieyra A. Proteomics of cell-cell interactions in health and disease. Proteomics 2015; 16:328-44. [PMID: 26552723 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of cell-cell communications are now under intense study by proteomic approaches. Proteomics has unraveled changes in protein profiling as the result of cell interactions mediated by ligand/receptor, hormones, soluble factors, and the content of extracellular vesicles. Besides being a brief overview of the main and profitable methodologies now available (evaluating theory behind the methods, their usefulness, and pitfalls), this review focuses on-from a proteome perspective-some signaling pathways and post-translational modifications (PTMs), which are essential for understanding ischemic lesions and their recovery in two vital organs in mammals, the heart, and the kidney. Knowledge of misdirection of the proteome during tissue recovery, such as represented by the convergence between fibrosis and cancer, emerges as an important tool in prognosis. Proteomics of cell-cell interaction is also especially useful for understanding how stem cells interact in injured tissues, anticipating clues for rational therapeutic interventions. In the effervescent field of induced pluripotency and cell reprogramming, proteomic studies have shown what proteins from specialized cells contribute to the recovery of infarcted tissues. Overall, we conclude that proteomics is at the forefront in helping us to understand the mechanisms that underpin prevalent pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael S Lindoso
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Sandim
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Leopoldo de Meis Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Federica Collino
- Department of Medical Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Translational Center of Regenerative Medicine, University of Turin/Fresenius Medical Care, Turin, Italy
| | - Adriana B Carvalho
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana Dias
- National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Milene R da Costa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Russolina B Zingali
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Leopoldo de Meis Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Proteomic Network of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Vieyra
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Translational Biomedicine Graduate Program, Grand Rio University, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
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