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Xu Z, Tian P. Rethinking Biosynthesis of Aclacinomycin A. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062761. [PMID: 36985733 PMCID: PMC10054333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aclacinomycin A (ACM-A) is an anthracycline antitumor agent widely used in clinical practice. The current industrial production of ACM-A relies primarily on chemical synthesis and microbial fermentation. However, chemical synthesis involves multiple reactions which give rise to high production costs and environmental pollution. Microbial fermentation is a sustainable strategy, yet the current fermentation yield is too low to satisfy market demand. Hence, strain improvement is highly desirable, and tremendous endeavors have been made to decipher biosynthesis pathways and modify key enzymes. In this review, we comprehensively describe the reported biosynthesis pathways, key enzymes, and, especially, catalytic mechanisms. In addition, we come up with strategies to uncover unknown enzymes and improve the activities of rate-limiting enzymes. Overall, this review aims to provide valuable insights for complete biosynthesis of ACM-A.
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Natural Marine Products: Anti-Colorectal Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060349. [PMID: 35736152 PMCID: PMC9229715 DOI: 10.3390/md20060349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer, a malignant tumor with high mortality, has a poor prognosis due to drug resistance and toxicity in clinical surgery and chemotherapy. Thus, finding safer and more efficient drugs for clinical trials is vital and urgent. Natural marine compounds, with rich resources and original chemical structures, are applied widely in anticancer treatments. We provide a systematic overview of recently reported marine compounds such as alkaloids, peptides, terpenoids, polysaccharides, and carotenoids from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. The in vitro studies summarized the marine origins and pharmacological mechanisms, including anti-proliferation, anti-angiogenesis, anti-migration, anti-invasion, the acceleration of cycle arrest, and the promotion of tumor apoptosis, of various compounds. The in vivo studies outlined the antitumor effects of marine compounds on colorectal cancer model mice and evaluated their efficacy in terms of tumor inhibition, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. The clinical studies summarized the major chemical classifications and targets of action of the clinical drugs that have entered clinical approval and completed approval for marine anticancer. In summary, we present the current situation regarding the application of natural anti-colorectal cancer marine compounds and prospects for their clinical application.
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He B, Bai X, Tan Y, Xie W, Feng Y, Yang GY. Glycosyltransferases: Mining, engineering and applications in biosynthesis of glycosylated plant natural products. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:602-620. [PMID: 35261926 PMCID: PMC8883072 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-Glycosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze the transfer of nucleotide-activated sugars to specific acceptors, among which the GT1 family enzymes are well-known for their function in biosynthesis of natural product glycosides. Elucidating GT function represents necessary step in metabolic engineering of aglycone glycosylation to produce drug leads, cosmetics, nutrients and sweeteners. In this review, we systematically summarize the phylogenetic distribution and catalytic diversity of plant GTs. We also discuss recent progress in the identification of novel GT candidates for synthesis of plant natural products (PNPs) using multi-omics technology and deep learning predicted models. We also highlight recent advances in rational design and directed evolution engineering strategies for new or improved GT functions. Finally, we cover recent breakthroughs in the application of GTs for microbial biosynthesis of some representative glycosylated PNPs, including flavonoid glycosides (fisetin 3-O-glycosides, astragalin, scutellarein 7-O-glucoside), terpenoid glycosides (rebaudioside A, ginsenosides) and polyketide glycosides (salidroside, polydatin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yumeng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wentao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Biosynthesis and Heterologous Expression of Cacaoidin, the First Member of the Lanthidin Family of RiPPs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040403. [PMID: 33917820 PMCID: PMC8068269 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cacaoidin is produced by the strain Streptomyces cacaoi CA-170360 and represents the first member of the new lanthidin (class V lanthipeptides) RiPP family. In this work, we describe the complete identification, cloning and heterologous expression of the cacaoidin biosynthetic gene cluster, which shows unique RiPP genes whose functions were not predicted by any bioinformatic tool. We also describe that the cacaoidin pathway is restricted to strains of the subspecies Streptomyces cacaoi subsp. cacaoi found in public genome databases, where we have also identified the presence of other putative class V lanthipeptide pathways. This is the first report on the heterologous production of a class V lanthipeptide.
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Antileishmanial macrolides from ant-associated Streptomyces sp. ISID311. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 32:116016. [PMID: 33493972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Three antifungal macrolides cyphomycin (1), caniferolide C (2) and GT-35 (3) were isolated from Streptomyces sp. ISID311, a bacterial symbiont associated with Cyphomyrmex fungus-growing ants. The planar structures of these compounds were established by 1 and 2D NMR data and MS analysis. The relative configurations of 1-3 were established using Kishi's universal NMR database method, NOE/ROE analysis and coupling constants analysis assisted by comparisons with NMR data of related compounds. Detailed bioinformatic analysis of cyphomycin biosynthetic gene cluster confirmed the stereochemical assignments. Compounds 1-3 displayed high antagonism against different strains of Escovopsis sp., pathogen fungi specialized to the fungus-growing ant system. Compounds 1-3 also exhibited potent antiprotozoal activity against intracellular amastigotes of the human parasite Leishmania donovani with IC50 values of 2.32, 0.091 and 0.073 µM, respectively, with high selectivity indexes.
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Mrudulakumari Vasudevan U, Lee EY. Flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyketide antibiotics: Role of glycosylation and biocatalytic tactics in engineering glycosylation. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 41:107550. [PMID: 32360984 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyketides are structurally diverse secondary metabolites used widely as pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Most of these molecules exist in nature as glycosides, in which sugar residues act as a decisive factor in their architectural complexity and bioactivity. Engineering glycosylation through selective trimming or extension of the sugar residues in these molecules is a prerequisite to their commercial production as well to creating novel derivatives with specialized functions. Traditional chemical glycosylation methods are tedious and can offer only limited end-product diversity. New in vitro and in vivo biocatalytic tools have emerged as outstanding platforms for engineering glycosylation in these three classes of secondary metabolites to create a large repertoire of versatile glycoprofiles. As knowledge has increased about secondary metabolite-associated promiscuous glycosyltransferases and sugar biosynthetic machinery, along with phenomenal progress in combinatorial biosynthesis, reliable industrial production of unnatural secondary metabolites has gained momentum in recent years. This review highlights the significant role of sugar residues in naturally occurring flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyketide antibiotics. General biocatalytic tools used to alter the identity and pattern of sugar molecules are described, followed by a detailed illustration of diverse strategies used in the past decade to engineer glycosylation of these valuable metabolites, exemplified with commercialized products and patents. By addressing the challenges involved in current bio catalytic methods and considering the perspectives portrayed in this review, exceptional drugs, flavors, and aromas from these small molecules could come to dominate the natural-product industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Goh F, Zhang MM, Lim TR, Low KN, Nge CE, Heng E, Yeo WL, Sirota FL, Crasta S, Tan Z, Ng V, Leong CY, Zhang H, Lezhava A, Chen SL, Hoon SS, Eisenhaber F, Eisenhaber B, Kanagasundaram Y, Wong FT, Ng SB. Identification and engineering of 32 membered antifungal macrolactone notonesomycins. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:71. [PMID: 32192516 PMCID: PMC7081687 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Notonesomycin A is a 32-membered bioactive glycosylated macrolactone known to be produced by Streptomyces aminophilus subsp. notonesogenes 647-AV1 and S. aminophilus DSM 40186. In a high throughput antifungal screening campaign, we identified an alternative notonesomycin A producing strain, Streptomyces sp. A793, and its biosynthetic gene cluster. From this strain, we further characterized a new more potent antifungal non-sulfated analogue, named notonesomycin B. Through CRISPR–Cas9 engineering of the biosynthetic gene cluster, we were able to increase the production yield of notonesomycin B by up to 18-fold as well as generate a strain that exclusively produces this analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falicia Goh
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Singapore.,Biotransformation Innovation Platform, A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos Level 4, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Mingzi M Zhang
- Metabolic Engineering, Functional Molecules & Polymers, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #01-01, Singapore, 138669, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tian Ru Lim
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Kia Ngee Low
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Choy Eng Nge
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Elena Heng
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Wan Lin Yeo
- Metabolic Engineering, Functional Molecules & Polymers, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #01-01, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Fernanda L Sirota
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Sharon Crasta
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Zann Tan
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Veronica Ng
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Chung Yan Leong
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Huibin Zhang
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, 60 Biopolis Street, Genome #02-01, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Alexander Lezhava
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, 60 Biopolis Street, Genome #02-01, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Swaine L Chen
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, 60 Biopolis Street, Genome #02-01, Singapore, 138672, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 10, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Shawn S Hoon
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Frank Eisenhaber
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Singapore.,School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Birgit Eisenhaber
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | | | - Fong T Wong
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Singapore.
| | - Siew Bee Ng
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Singapore.
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Chen H, Cui J, Wang P, Wang X, Wen J. Enhancement of bleomycin production in Streptomyces verticillus through global metabolic regulation of N-acetylglucosamine and assisted metabolic profiling analysis. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:32. [PMID: 32054531 PMCID: PMC7017467 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bleomycin is a broad-spectrum glycopeptide antitumor antibiotic produced by Streptomyces verticillus. Clinically, the mixture of bleomycin A2 and bleomycin B2 is widely used in combination with other drugs for the treatment of various cancers. As a secondary metabolite, the biosynthesis of bleomycin is precisely controlled by the complex extra-/intracellular regulation mechanisms, it is imperative to investigate the global metabolic and regulatory system involved in bleomycin biosynthesis for increasing bleomycin production. RESULTS N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), the vital signaling molecule controlling the onset of development and antibiotic synthesis in Streptomyces, was found to increase the yields of bleomycins significantly in chemically defined medium. To mine the gene information relevant to GlcNAc metabolism, the DNA sequences of dasR-dasA-dasBCD-nagB and nagKA in S. verticillus were determined by chromosome walking. From the results of Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), the repression of the expression of nagB and nagKA by the global regulator DasR was released under induction with GlcNAc. The relief of blmT expression repression by BlmR was the main reason for increased bleomycin production. DasR, however, could not directly affect the expression of the pathway-specific repressor BlmR in the bleomycins gene cluster. With at the beginning of bleomycin synthesis, the supply of the specific precursor GDP-mannose played the key role in bleomycin production. Genetic engineering of the GDP-mannose synthesis pathway indicated that phosphomannose isomerase (ManA) and phosphomannomutase (ManB) were key enzymes for bleomycins synthesis. Here, the blmT, manA and manB co-expression strain OBlmT/ManAB was constructed. Based on GlcNAc regulation and assisted metabolic profiling analysis, the yields of bleomycin A2 and B2 were ultimately increased to 61.79 and 36.9 mg/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Under GlcNAc induction, the elevated production of bleomycins was mainly associated with the alleviation of the inhibition of BlmT, so blmT and specific precursor synthesis pathways were genetically engineered for bleomycins production improvement. Combination with subsequent metabolomics analysis not only effectively increased the bleomycin yield, but also extended the utilization of chitin-derived substrates in microbial-based antibiotic production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Cui
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
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Liu M, Shi P, Lu C, Zhong L. Isolation and Identification of Secondary Metabolites FromStreptomycessp. SP301. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19861791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven compounds, namely aminobenzoates A to D (1-4), naphthalenecarboxylates A and B (5-6), and glycosylatelactone A (7), were isolated from the fermentation medium of Streptomyces sp. SP301. Of these, aminobenzoates C and D (3-4), naphthalenecarboxylate B (6), and glycosylatelactone A (7) are new compounds. Aminobenzoates A to D (1-4) shared a common aromatic starter unit, para-aminobenzoic acid , and biosynthesis involving a different pathway. The structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D- and 2D-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and HR-ESIMS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyujie Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Peng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
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Alferova VA, Shuvalov MV, Korshun VA, Tyurin AP. Naphthoquinone-derived polyol macrolides from natural sources. Russ Chem Bull 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Pérez-Victoria I, Oves-Costales D, Lacret R, Martín J, Sánchez-Hidalgo M, Díaz C, Cautain B, Vicente F, Genilloud O, Reyes F. Structure elucidation and biosynthetic gene cluster analysis of caniferolides A–D, new bioactive 36-membered macrolides from the marine-derived Streptomyces caniferus CA-271066. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:2954-2971. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob03115k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The structures of caniferolides A–D have been determined combining NMR and bioinformatics prediction of the absolute configuration.
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12
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Alferova VA, Novikov RA, Bychkova OP, Rogozhin EA, Shuvalov MV, Prokhorenko IA, Sadykova VS, Kulko AB, Dezhenkova LG, Stepashkina EA, Efremov MA, Sineva ON, Kudryakova GK, Peregudov AS, Solyev PN, Tkachev YV, Fedorova GB, Terekhova LP, Tyurin AP, Trenin AS, Korshun VA. Astolides A and B, antifungal and cytotoxic naphthoquinone-derived polyol macrolactones from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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Cooperative Involvement of Glycosyltransferases in the Transfer of Amino Sugars during the Biosynthesis of the Macrolactam Sipanmycin by Streptomyces sp. Strain CS149. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01462-18. [PMID: 30006405 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01462-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrolactams comprise a family of natural compounds with important bioactivities, such as antibiotic, antifungal, and antiproliferative activities. Sipanmycins A and B are two novel members of this family, with two sugar moieties attached to the aglycon. In the related macrolactam vicenistatin, the sugar moiety has been proven to be essential for cytotoxicity. In this work, the gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of sipanmycins (sip cluster) in Streptomyces sp. strain CS149 is described and the steps involved in the glycosylation of the final compounds unraveled. Also, the cooperation of two different glycosyltransferases in each glycosylation step is demonstrated. Additionally, the essential role of SipO2 as an auxiliary protein in the incorporation of the second deoxy sugar is addressed. In light of the results obtained by the generation of mutant strains and in silico characterization of the sip cluster, a biosynthetic pathway for sipanmycins and the two deoxy sugars attached is proposed. Finally, the importance of the hydroxyl group at C-10 of the macrolactam ring and the sugar moieties for cytotoxicity and antibiotic activity of sipanmycins is shown.IMPORTANCE The rapid emergence of infectious diseases and multiresistant pathogens has increased the necessity for new bioactive compounds; thus, novel strategies have to be developed to find them. Actinomycetes isolated in symbiosis with insects have attracted attention in recent years as producers of metabolites with important bioactivities. Sipanmycins are glycosylated macrolactams produced by Streptomyces sp. CS149, isolated from leaf-cutting ants, and show potent cytotoxic activity. Here, we characterize the sip cluster and propose a biosynthetic pathway for sipanmycins. As far as we know, it is the first time that the cooperation between two different glycosyltransferases is demonstrated to be strictly necessary for the incorporation of the same sugar. Also, a third protein with homology to P450 monooxygenases, SipO2, is shown to be essential in the second glycosylation step, forming a complex with the glycosyltransferase pair SipS9-SipS14.
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14
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Mao X, Liu Z, Sun J, Lee SY. Metabolic engineering for the microbial production of marine bioactive compounds. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:1004-1021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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