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Lu H, Xue M, Nie X, Luo H, Tan Z, Yang X, Shi H, Li X, Wang T. Glycoside hydrolases in the biodegradation of lignocellulosic biomass. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:402. [PMID: 37982085 PMCID: PMC10654287 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulose is a plentiful and intricate biomass substance made up of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Cellulose and hemicellulose are polysaccharides characterized by different compositions and degrees of polymerization. As renewable resources, their applications are eco-friendly and can help reduce reliance on petrochemical resources. This review aims to illustrate cellulose, hemicellulose, and their structures and hydrolytic enzymes. To obtain desirable enzyme sources for the high hydrolysis of lignocellulose, highly stable, efficient and thermophilic enzyme sources, and new technologies, such as rational design and machine learning, have been introduced in detail. Generally, the efficient biodegradation of abundant natural biomass into fermentable sugars or other intermediates has great potential in practical applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03819-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Lu
- Faculty of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003 China
| | - Maoyuan Xue
- Faculty of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003 China
| | - Xinling Nie
- Faculty of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003 China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Hongzheng Luo
- Faculty of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003 China
| | - Zhongbiao Tan
- Faculty of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003 China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Hao Shi
- Faculty of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003 China
| | - Xun Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
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Yang J, Xie D, Zhang C, Zhao C, Wu Z, Xue W. Synthesis, antifungal activity and in vitro mechanism of novel 1-substituted-5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Guo H, He T, Lee DJ. Contemporary proteomic research on lignocellulosic enzymes and enzymolysis: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126263. [PMID: 34728359 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review overviewed the current researches on the isolation of novel strains, the development of novel identification protocols, the key enzymes and their synergistic interactions with other functional enzyme systems, and the strategies for enhancing enzymolysis efficiencies. The main obstacle for realizing biorefinery of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels or biochemicals is the high cost of enzymolysis stage. Therefore, research prospects to reduce the costs for lignocellulose hydrolysis were outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Guo
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Tongyuan He
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tang, Hong Kong.
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Zhu N, Zhu Y, Kan Z, Li B, Cao Y, Jin H. Effects of two-stage microbial inoculation on organic carbon turnover and fungal community succession during co-composting of cattle manure and rice straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125842. [PMID: 34469819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the effects of single-stage inoculation (SSI) versus two-stage inoculation (TSI) on organic carbon components, product quality and fungal community during co-composting of cattle manure and rice straw. Both inoculation methods accelerated the temperature increase and elevated the composting temperature. TSI resulted in a second fermentation stage and extended the thermophilic stage from 22 to 29 days. Compared with SSI, TSI promoted the degradation degree of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin by 25.9%, 16.5% and 47.4%, and increased the content of total nutrients and humus carbon by 5.9% and 10.5% in final products, respectively. TSI significantly increased the relative abundance of Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Neurospora, Mycothermus, Malbranchea and Gloeophyllum in the second fermentation stage. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that Aspergillus, Neurospora, Trichoderma and Gloeophyllum were the key fungi for lignocellulose degradation and humification. Redundancy analysis showed that temperature was the major environmental factor affecting fungal community succession in TSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yanyun Zhu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zexin Kan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Bingqing Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yaoyao Cao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Hongmei Jin
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Feng J, Xu S, Feng R, Kovalevsky A, Zhang X, Liu D, Wan Q. Identification and structural analysis of a thermophilic β-1,3-glucanase from compost. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:102. [PMID: 38650272 PMCID: PMC10992293 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
β-1,3-glucanase can specifically hydrolyze glucans to oligosaccharides and has potential applications in biotechnology. We used the metatranscriptomic technology to discover a thermophilic β-1,3-glucanase from compost. The phylogenetic study shows that it belongs to the family 16 glycoside hydrolase (GH16) and is most homologous with an enzyme from Streptomyces sioyaensis, an actinobacterium. It has the activity of 146.9 U/mg in the optimal reaction condition (75 °C and pH 5.5). Its catalytic domain was crystallized and diffracted to 1.14 Å resolution. The crystal structure shows a sandwich-like β-jelly-roll fold with two disulfide bonds. After analyzing the occurring frequencies of these cysteine residues, we designed two mutants (C160G and C180I) to study the role of these disulfide bonds. Both mutants have decreased their optimal temperature from 75 to 70 °C, which indicate that the disulfide bonds are important to maintain thermostability. Interestingly, the activity of C160G has increased ~ 17% to reach 171.4 U/mg. We speculate that the increased activity of C160G mutant is due to increased dynamics near the active site. Our studies give a good example of balancing the rigidity and flexibility for enzyme activity, which is helpful for protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Feng
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Feng
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrey Kovalevsky
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Qingdao Vland Biotech Group Inc., Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Wan
- College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Tareen A, Punsuvon V, Sultan IN, Khan MW, Parakulsuksatid P. Cellulase Addition and Pre-hydrolysis Effect of High Solid Fed-Batch Simultaneous Saccharification and Ethanol Fermentation from a Combined Pretreated Oil Palm Trunk. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:26119-26129. [PMID: 34660972 PMCID: PMC8515579 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreated oil palm trunk fibers were subjected to ethanol production via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). The effect of high substrate loading, enzyme and substrate feeding strategy, and influence of a pre-hydrolysis step in SSF was studied to scale up ethanol production. In the enzyme feeding strategy, the addition of an enzyme at the start of fed-batch SSF significantly (p < 0.05) increased ethanol concentration to 51.05 g/L, ethanol productivity (QP ) to 0.61 g/L·h, and ethanol yield (Y P/S) to 0.31 g/g, with a theoretical ethanol yield of 60.65%. Furthermore, the initial velocity of the enzyme (V 0) in the first 8 h was 2.27 (g/h) with a glucose concentration of 18.17 g/L. On the other hand, the substrate feeding strategy and pre-hydrolysis simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF) process were studied in a 1 L fermenter. PSSF in fed batch with 10 and 20% (w/v) significantly improved enzyme hydrolysis, circumvent the problems of high viscosity, reduced overall fermentation time, and gave the highest ethanol concentration of 51.66 g/L, ethanol productivity (QP ) of 0.72 g/L·h, ethanol yield (Y P/S) of 0.31 g/g, and theoretical ethanol yield of 60.66%. In addition, PSSF with 10 and 20% significantly increased the initial velocity of the enzyme (V 0) to 4.64 and 4.40 (g/h) and glucose concentration to 37.14 and 35.27 g/L, respectively. This result indicated that ethanol production by PSSF along with substrate feeding could enhance ethanol production efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrasiab
Khan Tareen
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Vittaya Punsuvon
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart
University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Imrana Niaz Sultan
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, BUITEMS, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waseem Khan
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, BUITEMS, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Pramuk Parakulsuksatid
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Zhu N, Zhu Y, Li B, Jin H, Dong Y. Increased enzyme activities and fungal degraders by Gloeophyllum trabeum inoculation improve lignocellulose degradation efficiency during manure-straw composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125427. [PMID: 34217022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum inoculation on lignocellulose degradation, enzyme activities and fungal community during co-composting of swine manure and wheat straw. G. trabeum inoculation shortened the maturation period of composting from 39 to 30 days. Composting piles inoculated with G. trabeum showed a higher degree of maturity as indicated by 31.6% lower C/N ratio and 29.4% higher GI. The decomposition rate of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin was increased by 181.1%, 49.4% and 109.4%, respectively, due to higher activities of filter paper enzyme, xylanase, manganese peroxidase and laccase. Redundancy analysis showed that inoculating G. trabeum influenced the succession of fungal communities by changing the main physicochemical parameters, resulting in the increased relative abundance of Aspergillus, Mycothermus and Melanocarpus. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that more dominant fungal genera were involved in the production of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes after G. trabeum inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yanyun Zhu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Bingqing Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Hongmei Jin
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yiwei Dong
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Thermostable cellulose saccharifying microbial enzymes: Characteristics, recent advances and biotechnological applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:226-244. [PMID: 34371052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellulases play a promising role in the bioconversion of renewable lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars which are subsequently fermented to biofuels and other value-added chemicals. Besides biofuel industries, they are also in huge demand in textile, detergent, and paper and pulp industries. Low titres of cellulase production and processing are the main issues that contribute to high enzyme cost. The success of ethanol-based biorefinery depends on high production titres and the catalytic efficiency of cellulases functional at elevated temperatures with acid/alkali tolerance and the low cost. In view of their wider application in various industrial processes, stable cellulases that are active at elevated temperatures in the acidic-alkaline pH ranges, and organic solvents and salt tolerance would be useful. This review provides a recent update on the advances made in thermostable cellulases. Developments in their sources, characteristics and mechanisms are updated. Various methods such as rational design, directed evolution, synthetic & system biology and immobilization techniques adopted in evolving cellulases with ameliorated thermostability and characteristics are also discussed. The wide range of applications of thermostable cellulases in various industrial sectors is described.
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