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Mohamed AM, Abou-Ghadir OMF, Mostafa YA, Dahlous KA, Bräse S, Youssif BGM. Design and synthesis of new 1,2,4-oxadiazole/quinazoline-4-one hybrids with antiproliferative activity as multitargeted inhibitors. Front Chem 2024; 12:1447618. [PMID: 39281035 PMCID: PMC11393688 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1447618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The combination of BRAF and tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors has been demonstrated to be highly effective in inhibiting tumor development and is an approach for overcoming resistance in clinical trials. Accordingly, a novel series of 1,2,4-oxadiazole/quinazoline-4-one hybrids was developed as antiproliferative multitargeted inhibitors. Methods The structures of the newly synthesized compounds 9a-o were validated using IR, NMR, MS, and elemental techniques. 9a-o were tested as antiproliferative agents. Results and Discussion The results showed that the majority of the tested compounds showed significant antiproliferative action with 9b, 9c, 9h, 9k, and 9l being the most potent. Compounds 9b, 9c, 9h, 9k, and 9l were tested as EGFR and BRAFV600E inhibitors. These in vitro tests revealed that compounds 9b, 9c, and 9h are strong antiproliferative agents that may act as dual EGFR/BRAFV600E inhibitors. 9b, 9c, and 9h were further investigated for their inhibitory effect on mutant EGFR (EGFRT790M), and the results showed that the tested compounds had considerable inhibitory action. Cell cycle study and apoptosis detection demonstrated that compound 9b exhibits cell cycle arrest at the G2/M transition. Molecular docking simulations reveal the binding mechanism of the most active antiproliferative agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ola M F Abou-Ghadir
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Yaser A Mostafa
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Kholood A Dahlous
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, IBCS-FMS, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bahaa G M Youssif
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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2
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Zhu HN, Song DL, Zhang SN, Zheng ZJ, Chen XY, Jin X. Progress in long non-coding RNAs as prognostic factors of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155230. [PMID: 38461693 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is generally recognized as a slow-growing tumor. However, a small subset of patients may still experience relapse or metastasis shortly after therapy, leading to a poor prognosis and raising concerns about excessive medical treatment. One major challenge lies in the inadequacy of effective biomarkers for accurate risk stratification. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are closely related to malignant characteristics and poor prognosis, play a significant role in the genesis and development of PTC through various pathways. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the biological functions of lncRNAs in PTC, identify prognosis-relevant lncRNAs, and explore their potential mechanisms in drug resistance to BRAF kinase inhibitors, tumor dedifferentiation, and lymph node metastasis. By doing so, this review aims to offer valuable references for both basic research and the prediction of PTC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Nan Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Dong-Liang Song
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Si-Nan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Zhao-Jie Zheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Xing-Yu Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China.
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3
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Fadaly WAA, Nemr MTM, Zidan TH, Mohamed FEA, Abdelhakeem MM, Abu Jayab NN, Omar HA, Abdellatif KRA. New 1,2,3-triazole/1,2,4-triazole hybrids linked to oxime moiety as nitric oxide donor selective COX-2, aromatase, B-RAF V600E and EGFR inhibitors celecoxib analogs: design, synthesis, anti-inflammatory/anti-proliferative activities, apoptosis and molecular modeling study. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2290461. [PMID: 38061801 PMCID: PMC11003496 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2290461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of bis-triazole 19a-l was synthesised for the purpose of being hybrid molecules with both anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities and assessed for cell cycle arrest, NO release. Compounds 19c, 19f, 19h, 19 l exhibited COX-2 selectivity indexes in the range of 18.48 to 49.38 compared to celecoxib S.I. = 21.10), inhibit MCF-7 with IC50 = 9-16 μM compared to tamoxifen (IC50 = 27.9 μM). and showed good inhibitory activity against HEP-3B with IC50 = 4.5-14 μM compared to sorafenib (IC50 = 3.5 μM) (HEP-3B). Moreover, derivatives 19e, 19j, 19k, 19 l inhibit HCT-116 with IC50 = 5.3-13.7 μM compared to 5-FU with IC50 = 4.8 μM (HCT-116). Compounds 19c, 19f, 19h, 19 l showed excellent inhibitory activity against A549 with IC50 = 3-4.5 μM compared to 5-FU with IC50 = 6 μM (A549). Compounds 19c, 19f, 19h, 19 l inhibit aromatase (IC50 of 22.40, 23.20, 22.70, 30.30 μM), EGFR (IC50 of 0.112, 0.205, 0.169 and 0.066 μM) and B-RAFV600E (IC50 of 0.09, 0.06, 0.07 and 0.05 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A A Fadaly
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T M Nemr
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Taha H Zidan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Fatma E A Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abdelhakeem
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Nour N Abu Jayab
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hany A Omar
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Khaled R A Abdellatif
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Al-Wahaibi LH, Abou-Zied HA, Hisham M, Beshr EAM, Youssif BGM, Bräse S, Hayallah AM, Abdel-Aziz M. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel 3-Cyanopyridone/Pyrazoline Hybrids as Potential Apoptotic Antiproliferative Agents Targeting EGFR/BRAF V600E Inhibitory Pathways. Molecules 2023; 28:6586. [PMID: 37764362 PMCID: PMC10537368 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 3-cyanopyridone/pyrazoline hybrids (21-30) exhibiting dual inhibition against EGFR and BRAFV600E has been developed. The synthesized target compounds were tested in vitro against four cancer cell lines. Compounds 28 and 30 demonstrated remarkable antiproliferative activity, boasting GI50 values of 27 nM and 25 nM, respectively. These hybrids exhibited dual inhibitory effects on both EGFR and BRAFV600E pathways. Compounds 28 and 30, akin to Erlotinib, displayed promising anticancer potential. Compound 30 emerged as the most potent inhibitor against cancer cell proliferation and BRAFV600E. Notably, both compounds 28 and 30 induced apoptosis by elevating levels of caspase-3 and -8 and Bax, while downregulating the antiapoptotic Bcl2 protein. Molecular docking studies confirmed the potential of compounds 28 and 30 to act as dual EGFR/BRAFV600E inhibitors. Furthermore, in silico ADMET prediction indicated that most synthesized 3-cyanopyridone/pyrazoline hybrids exhibit low toxicity and minimal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya H. Al-Wahaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hesham A. Abou-Zied
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt; (H.A.A.-Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Mohamed Hisham
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt; (H.A.A.-Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Eman A. M. Beshr
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (E.A.M.B.); (M.A.-A.)
| | - Bahaa G. M. Youssif
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, IBCS-FMS, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alaa M. Hayallah
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (E.A.M.B.); (M.A.-A.)
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5
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Al-Wahaibi LH, Abou-Zied HA, Beshr EAM, Youssif BGM, Hayallah AM, Abdel-Aziz M. Design, Synthesis, Antiproliferative Actions, and DFT Studies of New Bis-Pyrazoline Derivatives as Dual EGFR/BRAF V600E Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9104. [PMID: 37240450 PMCID: PMC10218941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Some new Bis-pyrazoline hybrids 8-17 with dual EGFR and BRAFV600E inhibitors have been developed. The target compounds were synthesized and tested in vitro against four cancer cell lines. Compounds 12, 15, and 17 demonstrated strong antiproliferative activity with GI50 values of 1.05 µM, 1.50 µM, and 1.20 µM, respectively. Hybrids showed dual inhibition of EGFR and BRAFV600E. Compounds 12, 15, and 17 inhibited EGFR-like erlotinib and exhibited promising anticancer activity. Compound 12 is the most potent inhibitor of cancer cell proliferation and BRAFV600E. Compounds 12 and 17 induced apoptosis by increasing caspase 3, 8, and Bax levels, and resulted in the downregulation of the antiapoptotic Bcl2. The molecular docking studies verified that compounds 12, 15, and 17 have the potential to be dual EGFR/BRAFV600E inhibitors. Additionally, in silico ADMET prediction revealed that most synthesized bis-pyrazoline hybrids have low toxicity and adverse effects. DFT studies for the two most active compounds, 12 and 15, were also carried out. The values of the HOMO and LUMO energies, as well as softness and hardness, were computationally investigated using the DFT method. These findings agreed well with those of the in vitro research and molecular docking study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya H. Al-Wahaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hesham A. Abou-Zied
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt; (H.A.A.-Z.); (M.A.-A.)
| | - Eman A. M. Beshr
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt;
| | - Bahaa G. M. Youssif
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Alaa M. Hayallah
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt; (H.A.A.-Z.); (M.A.-A.)
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6
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Al-Wahaibi LH, El-Sheref EM, Hammouda MM, Youssif BGM. One-Pot Synthesis of 1-Thia-4-azaspiro[4.4/5]alkan-3-ones via Schiff Base: Design, Synthesis, and Apoptotic Antiproliferative Properties of Dual EGFR/BRAF V600E Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030467. [PMID: 36986566 PMCID: PMC10056593 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this investigation, novel 4-((quinolin-4-yl)amino)-thia-azaspiro[4.4/5]alkan-3-ones were synthesized via interactions between 4-(2-cyclodenehydrazinyl)quinolin-2(1H)-one and thioglycolic acid catalyzed by thioglycolic acid. We prepared a new family of spiro-thiazolidinone derivatives in a one-step reaction with excellent yields (67-79%). The various NMR, mass spectra, and elemental analyses verified the structures of all the newly obtained compounds. The antiproliferative effects of 6a-e, 7a, and 7b against four cancer cells were investigated. The most effective antiproliferative compounds were 6b, 6e, and 7b. Compounds 6b and 7b inhibited EGFR with IC50 values of 84 and 78 nM, respectively. Additionally, 6b and 7b were the most effective inhibitors of BRAFV600E (IC50 = 108 and 96 nM, respectively) and cancer cell proliferation (GI50 = 35 and 32 nM against four cancer cell lines, respectively). Finally, the apoptosis assay results revealed that compounds 6b and 7b had dual EGFR/BRAFV600E inhibitory properties and showed promising antiproliferative and apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya H Al-Wahaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essmat M El-Sheref
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Hammouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Bahaa G M Youssif
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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Ye J, Wu J, Liu B. Therapeutic strategies of dual-target small molecules to overcome drug resistance in cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188866. [PMID: 36842765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite some advances in targeted therapeutics of human cancers, curative cancer treatment still remains a tremendous challenge due to the occurrence of drug resistance. A variety of underlying resistance mechanisms to targeted cancer drugs have recently revealed that the dual-target therapeutic strategy would be an attractive avenue. Compared to drug combination strategies, one agent simultaneously modulating two druggable targets generally shows fewer adverse reactions and lower toxicity. As a consequence, the dual-target small molecule has been extensively explored to overcome drug resistance in cancer therapy. Thus, in this review, we focus on summarizing drug resistance mechanisms of cancer cells, such as enhanced drug efflux, deregulated cell death, DNA damage repair, and epigenetic alterations. Based upon the resistance mechanisms, we further discuss the current therapeutic strategies of dual-target small molecules to overcome drug resistance, which will shed new light on exploiting more intricate mechanisms and relevant dual-target drugs for future cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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8
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Role of IL-6/STAT3 Axis in Resistance to Cisplatin in Gastric Cancers. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030694. [PMID: 36979673 PMCID: PMC10044743 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer, the second most common cause of death worldwide, is characterized by poor prognosis and low responsiveness to chemotherapy. Indeed, multidrug resistance, based mainly on cellular and molecular factors, remains one of the most limiting factors of the current approach to gastric cancer (GC) therapy. We employed a comprehensive gene expression analysis through data mining of publicly available databases to assess the role of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in gastric cancer drug efficiency. It has been proposed that gastric cancer cells are less sensitive to these drugs because they develop resistance to these agents through activating alternative signalling pathways responsible for overcoming pharmacological inhibition. Our study evaluated the hypothesis that activating STAT3 signalling in response to cisplatin reduces the reaction to the drug. Consistent with this hypothesis, inhibition of interleukin 6 (IL-6)/STAT3 in combination therapy with cisplatin prevented both STAT3 activation and more lethality than induction by a single agent. The data suggest that the IL-6/STAT3 axis block associated with cisplatin treatment may represent a strategy to overcome resistance.
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9
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Schubert L, Mariko ML, Clerc J, Huillard O, Groussin L. MAPK Pathway Inhibitors in Thyroid Cancer: Preclinical and Clinical Data. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030710. [PMID: 36765665 PMCID: PMC9913385 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, with a good prognosis in most cases. However, some cancers of follicular origin are metastatic or recurrent and eventually become radioiodine refractory thyroid cancers (RAIR-TC). These more aggressive cancers are a clinical concern for which the therapeutic arsenal remains limited. Molecular biology of these tumors has highlighted a hyper-activation of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) pathway (RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK), mostly secondary to the BRAFV600E hotspot mutation occurring in about 60% of papillary cancers and 45% of anaplastic cancers. Therapies targeting the different protagonists of this signaling pathway have been tested in preclinical and clinical models: first and second generation RAF inhibitors and MEK inhibitors. In clinical practice, dual therapies with a BRAF inhibitor and a MEK inhibitor are being recommended in anaplastic cancers with the BRAFV600E mutation. Concerning RAIR-TC, these inhibitors can be used as anti-proliferative drugs, but their efficacy is inconsistent due to primary or secondary resistance. A specific therapeutic approach in thyroid cancers consists of performing a short-term treatment with these MAPK pathway inhibitors to evaluate their capacity to redifferentiate a refractory tumor, with the aim of retreating the patients by radioactive iodine therapy in case of re-expression of the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS). In this work, we report data from recent preclinical and clinical studies on the efficacy of MAPK pathway inhibitors and their resistance mechanisms. We will also report the different preclinical and clinical studies that have investigated the redifferentiation with these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Schubert
- Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Lamine Mariko
- Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Clerc
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Huillard
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Lionel Groussin
- Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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10
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Chen D, Su X, Zhu L, Jia H, Han B, Chen H, Liang Q, Hu C, Yang H, Liu L, Li P, Wei W, Zhao Y. Papillary thyroid cancer organoids harboring BRAF V600E mutation reveal potentially beneficial effects of BRAF inhibitor-based combination therapies. J Transl Med 2023; 21:9. [PMID: 36624452 PMCID: PMC9827684 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03848-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), which is often driven by acquired somatic mutations in BRAF genes, is the most common pathologic type of thyroid cancer. PTC has an excellent prognosis after treatment with conventional therapies such as surgical resection, thyroid hormone therapy and adjuvant radioactive iodine therapy. Unfortunately, about 20% of patients develop regional recurrence or distant metastasis, making targeted therapeutics an important treatment option. Current in vitro PTC models are limited in representing the cellular and mutational characteristics of parental tumors. A clinically relevant tool that predicts the efficacy of therapy for individuals is urgently needed. METHODS Surgically removed PTC tissue samples were dissociated, plated into Matrigel, and cultured to generate organoids. PTC organoids were subsequently subjected to histological analysis, DNA sequencing, and drug sensitivity assays, respectively. RESULTS We established 9 patient-derived PTC organoid models, 5 of which harbor BRAFV600E mutation. These organoids have been cultured stably for more than 3 months and closely recapitulated the histological architectures as well as mutational landscapes of the respective primary tumors. Drug sensitivity assays of PTC organoid cultures demonstrated the intra- and inter-patient specific drug responses. BRAFV600E inhibitors, vemurafenib and dabrafenib monotherapy was mildly effective in treating BRAFV600E-mutant PTC organoids. Nevertheless, BRAF inhibitors in combination with MEK inhibitors, RTK inhibitors, or chemotherapeutic agents demonstrated improved efficacy compared to BRAF inhibition alone. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that patient-derived PTC organoids may be a powerful research tool to investigate tumor biology and drug responsiveness, thus being useful to validate or discover targeted drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- grid.440601.70000 0004 1798 0578Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036 China
| | - Xi Su
- grid.440601.70000 0004 1798 0578Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036 China
| | - Lizhang Zhu
- grid.440601.70000 0004 1798 0578Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036 China
| | - Hao Jia
- grid.440601.70000 0004 1798 0578Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036 China
| | - Bin Han
- grid.440601.70000 0004 1798 0578Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036 China
| | - Haibo Chen
- grid.440601.70000 0004 1798 0578Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036 China
| | - Qingzhuang Liang
- grid.440601.70000 0004 1798 0578Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036 China
| | - Chenchen Hu
- grid.440601.70000 0004 1798 0578Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036 China
| | - Hao Yang
- grid.440601.70000 0004 1798 0578Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036 China
| | - Lisa Liu
- grid.264727.20000 0001 2248 3398Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - Peng Li
- grid.440601.70000 0004 1798 0578Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036 China
| | - Wei Wei
- grid.440601.70000 0004 1798 0578Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036 China
| | - Yongsheng Zhao
- grid.440601.70000 0004 1798 0578Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036 China ,grid.440601.70000 0004 1798 0578Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036 China
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11
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Paris A, Tardif N, Baietti FM, Berra C, Leclair HM, Leucci E, Galibert M, Corre S. The AhR-SRC axis as a therapeutic vulnerability in BRAFi-resistant melanoma. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15677. [PMID: 36305167 PMCID: PMC9728058 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202215677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nongenetic mechanisms required to control tumor phenotypic plasticity and shape drug-resistance remain unclear. We show here that the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) transcription factor directly regulates the gene expression program associated with the acquisition of resistance to BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) in melanoma. In addition, we show in melanoma cells that canonical activation of AhR mediates the activation of the SRC pathway and promotes the acquisition of an invasive and aggressive resistant phenotype to front-line BRAFi treatment in melanoma. This nongenetic reprogramming identifies a clinically compatible approach to reverse BRAFi resistance in melanoma. Using a preclinical BRAFi-resistant PDX melanoma model, we demonstrate that SRC inhibition with dasatinib significantly re-sensitizes melanoma cells to BRAFi. Together we identify the AhR/SRC axis as a new therapeutic vulnerability to trigger resistance and warrant the introduction of SRC inhibitors during the course of the treatment in combination with front-line therapeutics to delay BRAFi resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Paris
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR6290, ERL U1305RennesFrance
| | - Nina Tardif
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR6290, ERL U1305RennesFrance
| | - Francesca M Baietti
- Laboratory for RNA Cancer Biology, Department of OncologyLKI, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium,Trace PDX Platform, Department of OncologyLKI, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Cyrille Berra
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR6290, ERL U1305RennesFrance,Department of Molecular Genetics and GenomicsHospital University of Rennes (CHU Rennes)RennesFrance
| | - Héloïse M Leclair
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR6290, ERL U1305RennesFrance
| | - Eleonora Leucci
- Laboratory for RNA Cancer Biology, Department of OncologyLKI, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium,Trace PDX Platform, Department of OncologyLKI, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Marie‐Dominique Galibert
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR6290, ERL U1305RennesFrance,Department of Molecular Genetics and GenomicsHospital University of Rennes (CHU Rennes)RennesFrance
| | - Sébastien Corre
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR6290, ERL U1305RennesFrance
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12
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Peng F, Liao M, Qin R, Zhu S, Peng C, Fu L, Chen Y, Han B. Regulated cell death (RCD) in cancer: key pathways and targeted therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:286. [PMID: 35963853 PMCID: PMC9376115 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD), also well-known as programmed cell death (PCD), refers to the form of cell death that can be regulated by a variety of biomacromolecules, which is distinctive from accidental cell death (ACD). Accumulating evidence has revealed that RCD subroutines are the key features of tumorigenesis, which may ultimately lead to the establishment of different potential therapeutic strategies. Hitherto, targeting the subroutines of RCD with pharmacological small-molecule compounds has been emerging as a promising therapeutic avenue, which has rapidly progressed in many types of human cancers. Thus, in this review, we focus on summarizing not only the key apoptotic and autophagy-dependent cell death signaling pathways, but the crucial pathways of other RCD subroutines, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, parthanatos, entosis, NETosis and lysosome-dependent cell death (LCD) in cancer. Moreover, we further discuss the current situation of several small-molecule compounds targeting the different RCD subroutines to improve cancer treatment, such as single-target, dual or multiple-target small-molecule compounds, drug combinations, and some new emerging therapeutic strategies that would together shed new light on future directions to attack cancer cell vulnerabilities with small-molecule drugs targeting RCD for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Peng
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Minru Liao
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shiou Zhu
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Leilei Fu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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13
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Targeting EGFR in melanoma - The sea of possibilities to overcome drug resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188754. [PMID: 35772580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is considered one of the most aggressive skin cancers. It spreads and metastasizes quickly and is intrinsically resistant to most conventional chemotherapeutics, thereby presenting a challenge to researchers and clinicians searching for effective therapeutic strategies to treat patients with melanoma. The use of inhibitors of mutated serine/threonine-protein kinase B-RAF (BRAF), e.g., vemurafenib and dabrafenib, has revolutionized melanoma chemotherapy. Unfortunately, the response to these drugs lasts a limited time due to the development of acquired resistance. One of the proteins responsible for this process is epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In this review, we summarize the role of EGFR signaling in the multidrug resistance of melanomas and discuss possible applications of EGFR inhibitors to overcome the development of drug resistance in melanoma cells during therapy.
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14
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Dahmani C, Corre E, Dandou S, Mangé A, Radulescu O, Coopman PJ, Cuq P, Larive RM. La résistance aux inhibiteurs de BRAF. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:570-578. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
La voie de signalisation MAPK/ERK est une voie centrale de la signalisation intracellulaire. Sa dérégulation participe à la transformation et la progression tumorales. Dans plusieurs cancers, la découverte de mutations activatrices de BRAF, à l’origine de l’activation de cette voie, a ouvert de nouvelles perspectives thérapeutiques avec le développement d’inhibiteurs spécifiques de la protéine. Selon les cancers, ces inhibiteurs ont cependant montré soit une efficacité insuffisante, due à la résistance primaire des cellules tumorales, soit une efficacité transitoire, due à l’apparition d’une résistance acquise. Dans cette revue, nous revenons sur les découvertes qui ont conduit au développement de ces inhibiteurs de BRAF. Nous détaillons également les mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires de la résistance à ces inhibiteurs observée dans différents types de cancers. Comprendre ces mécanismes est en effet primordial pour développer des stratégies thérapeutiques qui soient plus efficaces.
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15
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Szeto C, Kurzrock R, Kato S, Goloubev A, Veerapaneni S, Preble A, Reddy S, Adashek J. Association of differential expression of immunoregulatory molecules and presence of targetable mutations may inform rational design of clinical trials. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100396. [PMID: 35158206 PMCID: PMC8850727 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and genomic biomarker-driven targeted therapies have revolutionized the modern oncologic treatment arsenal. The next step has been to combine targeted agents and ICIs. In doing so, some combination regimens may be more logical than others. Patients and methods Whole-exome and whole-transcriptome sequencing were performed on 2739 unselected later-stage clinical cases from 24 solid tumor subtypes in the NantHealth database, and data were also curated from 5746 similarly sequenced patients across 28 solid tumor subtypes in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Significant differential expression of 10 immunoregulatory molecules [IRMs (genes)] was analyzed for association with mutant versus wild-type genes. Results Twenty-three significant associations between currently actionable variants and RNA-expressed checkpoint genes were identified in the TCGA cases; 10 were validated in the external cohort of 2739 clinical cases from NantHealth (P values were adjusted using Benjamini–Hochberg multiple hypothesis correction to reduce false-discovery rate). Within the same 5746 TCGA profiles, 2740 TCGA patients were identified as having one or more potentially oncogenic single-nucleotide variant (SNV) mutation within an established 50-gene hotspot panel. Of the 50 genes, SNVs within 15 were found to be significantly associated with differential expression of at least one IRM after adjusting for tissue enrichment; six were confirmed significant associations in an independent set of 2739 clinical cases from NantHealth. Conclusions Logically combining ICIs with targeted therapies may offer unique treatment strategies for patients with cancer. The presence of specific mutations impacts the expression of IRMs, an observation of potential importance for selecting combinations of gene- and immune-targeted therapeutics. Altered actionable genes correlated with specific checkpoint transcripts. Associations between IRMs and altered genes were validated in independent datasets. Combining immune- and gene-targeted drugs based on IRM/gene correlations merits study.
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16
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Jiang S, Jiang T, Huang H, Chen X, Li L, Wang Z, Fei J, Liu C, Liu Z, Cheng Y. CHMFL-BMX-078, a BMX inhibitor, overcomes the resistance of melanoma to vemurafenib via inhibiting AKT pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109747. [PMID: 34813779 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Our recent study demonstrated eIF3a loss contributes to vemurafenib resistance in melanoma by activating ERK. However, overexpression of eIF3a in the clinic is not feasible to produce vemurafenib re-sensitization, and ERK inhibitors combined with vemurafenib still exhibit limited effectiveness in the treatment of melanoma. Here, using the human receptor tyrosine kinase phosphorylation antibody array, we observed that silencing eIF3a could activate BMX, a tyrosine kinase. The BMX inhibitor CHMFL-BMX-078 could significantly suppress proliferation and induce cell cycle arrest in vemurafenib resistant melanoma cell line A375 (A375R), however, it was hypotoxic in immortal keratinocytes, melanoma cells, and other solid cancer cells such as glioma and breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the combined treatment of CHMFL-BMX-078 and vemurafenib synergistically reduced cell viability and restored the sensitivity of resistant cells to vemurafenib. The reversal of the resistant phenotype by CHMFL-BMX-078 was associated with the AKT signaling pathway, as co-treatment with the AKT activator SC-79 or up-regulation of AKT attenuated the anti-proliferation effect of CHMFL-BMX-078 and vemurafenib. Lastly, we demonstrated that CHMFL-BMX-078 could significantly enhance vemurafenib efficacy in a xenograft model of A375R cells without producing additive toxicity. In conclusion, these findings reveal that the BMX inhibitor CHMFL-BMX-078 may reverse vemurafenib resistance in melanoma by suppressing the AKT signaling pathway, implying that CHMFL-BMX-078 may be a promising compound for overcoming vemurafenib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShiLong Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China
| | - HanXue Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - XiSha Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China
| | - LanYa Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China
| | - ZhiBin Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | | | - Chong Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - ZhaoQian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China.
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China.
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17
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Hescheler DA, Riemann B, Hartmann MJM, Michel M, Faust M, Bruns CJ, Alakus H, Chiapponi C. Targeted Therapy of Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Comprehensive Genomic Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:748941. [PMID: 34630336 PMCID: PMC8498581 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.748941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A limited number of targeted therapy options exist for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) to date. Based on genetic alterations reported by the "The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)", we explored whether PTC shows alterations that may be targetable by drugs approved by the FDA for other solid cancers. Methods Databases of the National Cancer Institute and MyCancerGenome were screened to identify FDA-approved drugs for targeted therapy. Target genes were identified using Drugbank. Genetic alterations were classified into conferring drug sensitivity or resistance using MyCancerGenome, CiViC, TARGET, and OncoKB. Genomic data for PTC were extracted from TCGA and mined for alterations predicting drug response. Results A total of 129 FDA-approved drugs with 128 targetable genes were identified. One hundred ninety-six (70%) of 282 classic, 21 (25%) of 84 follicular, and all 30 tall-cell variant PTCs harbored druggable alterations: 259 occurred in 29, 39 in 19, and 31 in 2 targetable genes, respectively. The BRAF V600 mutation was seen in 68% of classic, 16% of follicular variant, and 93% of tall-cell variant PTCs. The RET gene fusion was seen in 8% of classic PTCs, NTRK1 and 3 gene fusions in 3%, and other alterations in <2% of classic variant PTCs. Ninety-nine of 128 (77%) FDA-approved targetable genes did not show any genetic alteration in PTC. Beside selective and non-selective BRAF-inhibitors, no other FDA-approved drug showed any frequent predicted drug sensitivity (<10%). Conclusion Treatment strategies need to focus on resistance mechanisms to BRAF inhibition and on genetic alteration-independent alternatives rather than on current targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Hescheler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Burkhard Riemann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Milan J. M. Hartmann
- Department of General, Visceral, Tumor and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maximilian Michel
- Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne Germany, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Faust
- Policlinic for Prevention, Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane J. Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral, Tumor and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hakan Alakus
- Department of General, Visceral, Tumor and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Costanza Chiapponi
- Department of General, Visceral, Tumor and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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18
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BRAF Inhibitors Induce Feedback Activation of RAS Pathway in Thyroid Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115744. [PMID: 34072194 PMCID: PMC8198461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAFV600E is the most frequent oncogenic mutation identified in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). In PTC patients who do not respond to standard treatment, BRAF inhibitors are currently tested as alternative strategies. However, as observed for other targeted therapies, patients eventually develop drug resistance. The mechanisms of BRAF inhibitors response are still poorly understood in a thyroid cancer (TC) context. In this study, we investigated in BRAFV600E mutated TC cell lines the effects of Vemurafenib and Dabrafenib, two BRAF inhibitors currently used in a clinical setting. We assessed cell proliferation, and the expression and activity of the thyroid function related transporter NIS following the treatment with BRAF inhibitors. In addition, we investigated the global gene expression by microarray, the relevant modulated biological processes by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and TC specific gene signatures related to MAPK pathway activation, thyroid differentiation, and transcriptional profile associated with BRAFV600E or RAS mutation. We found that both inhibitors induce antiproliferative and redifferentiative effects on TC cells, as well as a rewiring of the MAPK pathway related to RAS signaling. Our results suggest a possible mechanism of drug response to the BRAF inhibitors Vemurafenib or Dabrafenib, supporting very recent findings in TC patients treated with targeted therapies.
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19
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Thng DKH, Toh TB, Chow EKH. Capitalizing on Synthetic Lethality of MYC to Treat Cancer in the Digital Age. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:166-182. [PMID: 33422376 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of MYC is among the most frequent oncogenic drivers of cancer. Developing targeted therapies against MYC is, therefore, one of the most critical unmet needs of cancer therapy. Unfortunately, MYC has been labelled as undruggable due to the lack of success in developing clinically relevant MYC-targeted therapies. Synthetic lethality is a promising approach that targets MYC-dependent vulnerabilities in cancer. However, translating the synthetic lethality targets to the clinics is still challenging due to the complex nature of cancers. This review highlights the most promising mechanisms of MYC synthetic lethality and how these discoveries are currently translated into the clinic. Finally, we discuss how in silico computational platforms can improve clinical success of synthetic lethality-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexter Kai Hao Thng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tan Boon Toh
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward Kai-Hua Chow
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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20
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Al-Wahaibi LH, Gouda AM, Abou-Ghadir OF, Salem OIA, Ali AT, Farghaly HS, Abdelrahman MH, Trembleau L, Abdu-Allah HHM, Youssif BGM. Design and synthesis of novel 2,3-dihydropyrazino[1,2-a]indole-1,4-dione derivatives as antiproliferative EGFR and BRAF V600E dual inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104260. [PMID: 32920363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown additive and synergistic effects associated with the combination of kinase inhibitors. BRAFV600E and EGFR are attractive targets for many diseases treatments and have been studied extensively. In keeping with our interest in developing anticancer targeting EGFR and BRAFV600E, a novel series of 2,3-dihydropyrazino[1,2-a]indole-1,4-dione has been rationally designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against a panel of four human cancer cell lines. Compounds 20-23, 28-31, and 33 showed promising antiproliferative activities. These compounds were further tested for their inhibitory potencies against EGFR and BRAFV600E kinases with erlotinib as a reference drug. Compounds 23 and 33 exhibited equipotency to doxorubicin against the four cell lines and efficiently inhibited both EGFR (IC50 = 0.08 and 0.09 µM, respectively) and BRAFV600E (IC50 = 0.1 and 0.29 µM, respectively). In cell cycle study of MCF-7 cell line, compounds 23 and 33 induced apoptosis and exhibited cell cycle arrest in both Pre-G1 and G2/M phases. Molecular docking analyses revealed that the new compounds can fit snugly into the active sites of EGFR, and BRAFV600E kinases. Compound 23, 31 and 33 adopted similar binding orientations and interactions to those of erlotinib and vemurafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya H Al-Wahaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University
| | - Ahmed M Gouda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Ola F Abou-Ghadir
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Ola I A Salem
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Asmaa T Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hatem S Farghaly
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mostafa H Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Laurent Trembleau
- School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, Aberdeen AB243UE, United Kingdom
| | - Hajjaj H M Abdu-Allah
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
| | - Bahaa G M Youssif
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
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21
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Molina-Cerrillo J, San Román M, Pozas J, Alonso-Gordoa T, Pozas M, Conde E, Rosas M, Grande E, García-Bermejo ML, Carrato A. BRAF Mutated Colorectal Cancer: New Treatment Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061571. [PMID: 32545884 PMCID: PMC7353017 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in adults, considering both its incidence and prevalence. Anatomically, the right colon is considered as being from the cecum to the splenic flexure, and the left colon is from the splenic flexure to the rectum. Sidedness is a surrogate of a wide spectrum of colorectal cancer (CRC) biology features (embryology, microbiome, methylation, microsatellite instability (MSI), BRAF, aging, KRAS, consensus molecular subtypes (CMS), etc.), which result in prognostic factors. Different molecular subtypes have been identified, according to genomic and transcriptomic criteria. A subgroup harboring a BRAF mutation has been described, and represents approximately 10% of the patients diagnosed with colon cancer. This subgroup has morphological, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics that differ substantially from patients who do not carry this genetic alteration. Unfortunately, there is no established standard of care for this particular cohort of patients. This manuscript aims to study the biology of this subgroup of colon cancer, to understand the current approach in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Molina-Cerrillo
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.R.); (J.P.); (T.A.-G.); (M.P.); (A.C.)
- CIBERONC, The Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine School, Alcalá University, 28805 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: or
| | - María San Román
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.R.); (J.P.); (T.A.-G.); (M.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Javier Pozas
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.R.); (J.P.); (T.A.-G.); (M.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Teresa Alonso-Gordoa
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.R.); (J.P.); (T.A.-G.); (M.P.); (A.C.)
- CIBERONC, The Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine School, Alcalá University, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Pozas
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.R.); (J.P.); (T.A.-G.); (M.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Elisa Conde
- Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets Group and Core Facility, The Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), CIBERONC, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.); (M.L.G.-B.)
| | - Marta Rosas
- Pathology department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Enrique Grande
- Department of Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 28033 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Laura García-Bermejo
- Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets Group and Core Facility, The Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), CIBERONC, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.); (M.L.G.-B.)
| | - Alfredo Carrato
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.R.); (J.P.); (T.A.-G.); (M.P.); (A.C.)
- CIBERONC, The Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Medicine School, Alcalá University, 28805 Madrid, Spain
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22
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Laetitia G, Sven S, Fabrice J. Combinatorial Therapies in Thyroid Cancer: An Overview of Preclinical and Clinical Progresses. Cells 2020; 9:E830. [PMID: 32235612 PMCID: PMC7226736 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accounting for about 2% of cancers diagnosed worldwide, thyroid cancer has caused about 41,000 deaths in 2018. Despite significant progresses made in recent decades in the treatment of thyroid cancer, many resistances to current monotherapies are observed. In our complete review, we report all treatments that were tested in combination against thyroid cancer. Many preclinical studies investigating the effects of inhibitors of the MAPK and PI3K pathways highlighted the importance of mutations in such signaling pathways and their impacts on the subsequent efficacy of targeted therapies, thus reinforcing the need of more personalized therapeutic strategies. Our review also points out the multiple possibilities of combinatory strategies, particularly using therapies targeting proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and in combination with conventional treatments such as chemotherapies. In any case, resistances to anticancer therapies always develop through the activation of alternative signaling pathways. Combinatory treatments aim to blockade such mechanisms, which are gradually decrypted, thus offering new perspectives for the future. The preclinical and clinical aspects of our review allow us to have a global opinion of the different therapeutic options currently evaluated in combination and to be aware about new perspectives of treatment of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheysen Laetitia
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Mons University, Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, B7000 Mons, Belgium; (S.S.); (J.F.)
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23
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VCAM-1 Upregulation Contributes to Insensitivity of Vemurafenib in BRAF-Mutant Thyroid Cancer. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:441-451. [PMID: 31911278 PMCID: PMC6948368 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vemurafenib, an inhibitor of mutant BRAF activity, is a promising anticancer agent for patients with BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma. However, it is less effective in BRAF-mutant thyroid cancer, and the reason for this discrepancy is not yet fully elucidated. By RNA sequencing analysis, we identified vascular cell adhesion molecular-1 (VCAM-1) to be highly upregulated in both time- and dose-dependent manners during BRAF inhibition (BRAFi) in a BRAF-mutant papillary thyroid cancer cell line (BCPAP). Cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays showed that knockdown of the induced VCAM-1 in BCPAP cells augmented the antitumor effects of vemurafenib, with decreased IC50 values of 1.4 to 0.8 μM. Meanwhile, overexpression of VCAM-1 in a BRAF-mutant anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line (FRO) reduced the sensitivity to vemurafenib, with increased IC50 values of 1.9 to 5.8 μM. Further investigation showed that PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway was activated during BRAFi. Co-treatment with Akt signaling inhibitor MK2206 decreased the induced expression of VCAM-1 during BRAFi. This combination further improved the efficacy of vemurafenib. Moreover, VCAM-1 promoted migration and invasion in thyroid cancer cells in vitro, which was also indicated in thyroid cancer patients. The present study is the first to demonstrate that VCAM-1 is upregulated in thyroid cancer cells treated with vemurafenib and contributes to vemurafenib resistance in BRAF-mutant thyroid cancer cells. Targeting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway–mediated VCAM-1 response may be an alternative strategy to sensitize BRAF-mutant thyroid cancers to vemurafenib.
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24
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Göttgens EL, Rabold K, Span PN. BRAFV600E Inhibitor Radiosensitizes Thyroid Cancer—Letter. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:6556. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Leonne Göttgens
- 1Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Katrin Rabold
- 1Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul N. Span
- 1Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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25
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BRAF Inhibitors in Thyroid Cancer: Clinical Impact, Mechanisms of Resistance and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091388. [PMID: 31540406 PMCID: PMC6770736 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (RAS)/v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (RAF)/mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK) signaling cascade is the most important oncogenic pathway in human cancers. Tumors leading mutations in the gene encoding for v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) serine-threonine kinase are reliant on the MAPK signaling pathway for their growth and survival. Indeed, the constitutive activation of MAPK pathway results in continuous stimulation of cell proliferation, enhancement of the apoptotic threshold and induction of a migratory and metastatic phenotype. In a clinical perspective, this scenario opens to the possibility of targeting BRAF pathway for therapy. Thyroid carcinomas (TCs) bearing BRAF mutations represent approximately 29–83% of human thyroid malignancies and, differently from melanomas, are less sensitive to BRAF inhibitors and develop primary or acquired resistance due to mutational events or activation of alternative signaling pathways able to reactivate ERK signaling. In this review, we provide an overview on the current knowledge concerning the mechanisms leading to resistance to BRAF inhibitors in human thyroid carcinomas and discuss the potential therapeutic strategies, including combinations of BRAF inhibitors with other targeted agents, which might be employed to overcome drug resistance and potentiate the activity of single agent BRAF inhibitors.
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26
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Gouravan S, Meza-Zepeda LA, Myklebost O, Stratford EW, Munthe E. Preclinical Evaluation of Vemurafenib as Therapy for BRAF V600E Mutated Sarcomas. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040969. [PMID: 29570692 PMCID: PMC5979358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The BRAFV600E mutation, which in melanoma is targetable with vemurafenib, is also found in sarcomas and we here evaluate the therapeutic potential in sarcoma cell lines. Methods: Four sarcoma cell lines harboring the BRAFV600E mutation, representing liposarcomas (SA-4 and SW872), Ewing sarcoma (A673) and atypical synovial sarcoma (SW982), were treated with vemurafenib and the effects on cell growth, apoptosis, cell cycle progression and cell signaling were determined. Results: Vemurafenib induced a strong cytostatic effect in SA-4 cells, mainly due to cell cycle arrest, whereas only moderate levels of apoptosis were observed. However, a high dose was required compared to BRAFV600E mutated melanoma cells, and removal of vemurafenib demonstrated that the continuous presence of drug was required for sustained growth inhibition. A limited growth inhibition was observed in the other three cell lines. Protein analyses demonstrated reduced phosphorylation of ERK during treatment with vemurafenib in all the four sarcoma cell lines confirming that the MAPK pathway is active in these cell lines, and that the pathway can be inhibited by vemurafenib, but also that these cells can proliferate despite this. Conclusions: These findings indicate that vemurafenib alone would not be an efficient therapy against BRAFV600E mutated sarcomas. However, further investigations of combination with other drugs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Gouravan
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Leonardo A Meza-Zepeda
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
- Genomics Core Facility, Department of Core facility, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ola Myklebost
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Eva W Stratford
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Else Munthe
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
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