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Huang H, Tsui YM, Ho DWH, Chung CYS, Sze KMF, Lee E, Cheung GCH, Zhang VX, Wang X, Lyu X, Ng IOL. LANCL1, a cell surface protein, promotes liver tumor initiation through FAM49B-Rac1 axis to suppress oxidative stress. Hepatology 2024; 79:323-340. [PMID: 37540188 PMCID: PMC10789379 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS HCC is an aggressive cancer with a poor clinical outcome. Understanding the mechanisms that drive tumor initiation is important for improving treatment strategy. This study aimed to identify functional cell membrane proteins that promote HCC tumor initiation. APPROACH AND RESULTS Tailor-made siRNA library screening was performed for all membrane protein-encoding genes that are upregulated in human HCC (n = 134), with sphere formation as a surrogate readout for tumor initiation. Upon confirmation of membranous localization by immunofluorescence and tumor initiation ability by limiting dilution assay in vivo, LanC-like protein-1 (LANCL1) was selected for further characterization. LANCL1 suppressed intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoted tumorigenicity both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, with mass spectrometry, FAM49B was identified as a downstream binding partner of LANCL1. LANCL1 stabilized FAM49B by blocking the interaction of FAM49B with the specific E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21, thus protecting FAM49B from ubiquitin-proteasome degradation. The LANCL1-FAM49B axis suppressed the Rac1-NADPH oxidase-driven ROS production, but this suppression of ROS was independent of the glutathione transferase function of LANCL1. Clinically, HCCs with high co-expression of LANCL1 and FAM49B were associated with more advanced tumor stage, poorer overall survival, and disease-free survival. In addition, anti-LANCL1 antibodies targeting the extracellular N-terminal domain were able to suppress the self-renewal ability, as demonstrated by the sphere formation ability of HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that LANCL1 is a cell surface protein and a key contributor to HCC initiation. Targeting the LANCL1-FAM49B-Rac1-NADPH oxidase-ROS signaling axis may be a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Huang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yu-Man Tsui
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel Wai-Hung Ho
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Clive Yik-Sham Chung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Karen Man-Fong Sze
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Eva Lee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gary Cheuk-Hang Cheung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vanilla Xin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xueying Lyu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Zhuo J, Han J, Zhao Y, Hao R, Shen C, Li H, Dai L, Sheng A, Yao H, Yang X, Liu W. RAB10 promotes breast cancer proliferation migration and invasion predicting a poor prognosis for breast cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15252. [PMID: 37709911 PMCID: PMC10502149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RAB10, a member of the small GTPase family, has complex biological functions, but its role in breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between RAB10's role in BC, its biological functions, and BC prognosis. An online database was used to analyze the correlation between differential expression of RAB10 in BC and prognosis. The results of immunohistochemical assays in clinical cohorts were combined with the database analysis. The chi-square test and COX regression were employed to analyze the correlation between RAB10 and pathological features of BC. MTT, Transwell, and wound healing assays were conducted to detect BC cell proliferation, invasion, and metastatic ability. Bioinformatics techniques were employed to explore the correlation between RAB10 and BC tumor immune cell infiltration, and to speculate the biological function of RAB10 in BC and related signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that RAB10 expression is elevated in BC and is associated with HER2 status, indicating a poor prognosis for BC patients. RAB10 can promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of BC cells in vitro. RAB10 is also associated with BC immune cell infiltration and interacts with multiple signaling pathways. RAB10 is a potential biomarker or molecular target for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhuo
- School of Clinical Medicine, The Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056000, Hebei, China
| | - Jianjun Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056000, Hebei, China
| | - Yanchun Zhao
- Department of Outpatient, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056000, Hebei, China
| | - Ruiying Hao
- School of Clinical Medicine, The Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056000, Hebei, China
| | - Chong Shen
- School of Clinical Medicine, The Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056000, Hebei, China
| | - He Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, The Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056000, Hebei, China
| | - Luxian Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University Medica College, Yangzhou, 225007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ankang Sheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University Medica College, Yangzhou, 225007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanyu Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University Medica College, Yangzhou, 225007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University Medica College, Yangzhou, 225007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiguang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056000, Hebei, China.
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Xiao Z, Feng X, Zhou Y, Li P, Luo J, Zhang W, Zhou J, Zhao J, Wang D, Wang Y, Tian Z, Zhao X. Exosomal miR-10527-5p Inhibits Migration, Invasion, Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphatic Metastasis by Affecting Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling via Rab10 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:95-114. [PMID: 36636641 PMCID: PMC9831078 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s391173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer cell-derived exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical role in orchestrating intercellular communication between tumor cells and tumor microenvironmental factors, including lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). Nevertheless, the functions and underlying mechanisms of exosomal miRNAs in lymphatic metastasis and lymphangiogenesis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unclear. Methods Small RNA sequencing, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) analysis and qRT‒PCR were performed to identify the candidate exosomal miRNAs involved in ESCC metastasis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic potential of exosomal miR-10527-5p in predicting lymph node metastasis (LNM) status. An in vitro coculture system was used to investigate the effects of exosomal miR-10527-5p on ESCC cells and human LECs (HLECs), followed by a popliteal LNM assay in vivo. The relationship between miR-10527-5p and Rab10 was identified by dual-luciferase reporter, fluorescence in situ hybridization and qRT‒PCR assays. Then, a series of rescue assays were performed to further investigate whether Rab10 is involved in exosomal miR-10527-5p mediated ESCC metastasis. Results MiR-10527-5p was found to be notably reduced in both the plasma exosomes and tumor tissues of ESCC patients with LNM, and plasma exosomal miR-10527-5p had a high sensitivity and specificity for discrimination of LNM status. Moreover, exosome-shuttled miR-10527-5p suppressed the migration, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ESCC cells as well as the migration and tube formation of HLECs via Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vitro and in vivo. Further investigation revealed that Rab10 was a direct target of miR-10527-5p, and re-expression of Rab10 neutralized the inhibitory effects of exosomal miR-10527-5p. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that exosomal miR-10527-5p had a strong capability to predict preoperative LNM status and anti-lymphangiogenic effect. Exosomal miR-10527-5p inhibited lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of ESCC in a vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C)-independent manner, showing potential as a therapeutic target for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xumei Feng
- Health Management Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongjia Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiwei Li
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junwen Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangfeng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongxian Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Chest Cancer, Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Zhongxian Tian; Xiaogang Zhao, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-17660082365; +86-053185875009, Email ;
| | - Xiaogang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Chest Cancer, Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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Xue C, Yang Z, Yang B, Xiong H, Ye W. LINC00460 Promotes Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression Through Stabilizing ELAVL1 Protein. Mol Biotechnol 2022:10.1007/s12033-022-00631-9. [PMID: 36513874 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Long intergenic noncoding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA) 460 is reportedly associated with carcinogenesis and progression in various types of cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying its action in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) remain unclear. LINC00460 mRNA expression was analysed using data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Cell growth, migration, and invasion were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), transwell migration and invasion assays after inducing LINC00460 knockdown. A xenograft tumour model was used to determine the effects of LINC00460 on tumour growth and metastasis in vivo. To examine the interaction between LINC00460 and ELAVL1, RNA pulldown and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were performed. LINC00460 was found to be significantly upregulated in CSCC tissues and cell lines. Functionally, LINC00460 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Consistent with this, when LINC00460 expression decreased, CSCC tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo were inhibited. Mechanistically, LINC00460 binds to embryonic lethal abnormal vision like RNA binding protein 1 (ELAVL1) and enhances its stability by inhibiting the β-transducin repeats-containing protein (β-TrCP)-mediated ubiquitination of ELAVL1. Moreover, the effect of LINC00460 silencing on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CSCC cells could be reversed by overexpressing ELAVL1. Our findings demonstrated that LINC00460 plays a critical role in regulating ELAVL1 function. This highlights the potential targets for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Xue
- Department of Burn Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, China
| | - Zuxian Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, China
| | - Ben Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, China
| | - Hailin Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, No.41, Erling North Road, Huizhou, 516001, China.
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Clinical Medical College of Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, 516001, China
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Xi Y, Zhang T, Sun W, Liang R, Ganesh S, Chen H. GOLM1 and FAM49B: Potential Biomarkers in HNSCC Based on Bioinformatics and Immunohistochemical Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315433. [PMID: 36499755 PMCID: PMC9737887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. We aimed to identify potential genetic markers that could predict the prognosis of HNSCC. A total of 44 samples of GSE83519 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and 546 samples of HNSCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were adopted. The differently expressed genes (DEGs) of the samples were screened by GEO2R. We integrated the expression information of DEGs with clinical data from GES42743 using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A total of 17 hub genes were selected by the module membership (|MM| > 0.8), and the gene significance (|GS| > 0.3) was selected from the turquoise module. GOLM1 and FAM49B genes were chosen based on single-gene analysis results. Survival analysis showed that the higher expression of GOLM1 and FAM49B genes was correlated with a worse prognosis of HNSCC patients. Immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunofluorescence techniques verified that GOLM1 and FAM49B genes were highly expressed in HNSCC cells, and high expressions of GOLM1 were associated with the pathological grades of HNSCC. In conclusion, our study illustrated a new insight that GOLM1 and FAM49B genes might be used as potential biomarkers to determine the development of HNSCC, while GOLM1 and FAM49B have the possibility to be prognostic indicators for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tiange Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ruobing Liang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Sridha Ganesh
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-6781-1732
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Cai Z, Xu H, Bai G, Hu H, Wang D, Li H, Wang Z. ELAVL1 promotes prostate cancer progression by interacting with other m6A regulators. Front Oncol 2022; 12:939784. [PMID: 35978821 PMCID: PMC9376624 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.939784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) imbalance is an important factor in the occurrence and development of prostate cancer (PCa). Many m6A regulators have been found to be significantly dysregulated in PCa. ELAVL1 is an m6A binding protein that can promote the occurrence and development of tumors in an m6A-dependent manner. In this study, we found that most m6A regulators were significantly dysregulated in PCa, and some m6A regulators were associated with the progression-free interval. Mutations and copy number variations of these m6A regulators can alter their expression. However, ELAVL1 mutations were not found in PCa. Nevertheless, ELAVL1 upregulation was closely related to PCa proliferation. High ELAVL1 expression was also related to RNA metabolism. Further experiments showed that ELAVL1 interacted with other m6A regulators and that several m6A regulatory mRNAs have m6A sites that can be recognized by ELAVL1. Additionally, protein–protein interactions occur between ELAVL1 and other m6A regulators. Finally, we found that the dysregulation of ELAVL1 expression occurred in almost all tumors, and interactions between ELAVL1 and other m6A regulators also existed in almost all tumors. In summary, ELAVL1 is an important molecule in the development of PCa, and its interactions with other m6A regulators may play important roles in PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Cai
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Bai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hanjing Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhong Wang, ; Di Wang, ; Hongjun Li,
| | - Hongjun Li
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhong Wang, ; Di Wang, ; Hongjun Li,
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhong Wang, ; Di Wang, ; Hongjun Li,
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Chen Y, Jiang Y, Lao J, Zhou Y, Su L, Huang X. Characterization and Functional Study of FAM49B Reveals Its Effect on Cell Proliferation in HEK293T Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020388. [PMID: 35205432 PMCID: PMC8872254 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
FAM49B/Fam49b is a member of the Fam49 (Family with sequence similarity 49) gene family, which is characterized by the conserved domain, DUF1394 (Domain of Unknown Function 1394). It has also been named CYRI-B (CYFIP related RAC1 interactor B), implicating its important function of regulating RAC1-driven cytoskeleton remolding. In this study, to further investigate its functions and mechanisms affecting cell behaviors, HEK293T cells (where FAM49B is highly expressed) were used to establish a FAM49B knockout cell line by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology. Our data have clearly revealed that there are triple alleles of FAM49B in the genome of HEK293T cells. Meanwhile, the proliferation deficiency of the FAM49B KO HEK293T cell line and the significantly changed cell proliferation related gene expression profiles, such as CCND1, have been uncovered. At the same time, the existence of isoform 3 has been confirmed in HEK293T cells. Our studies have suggested that FAM49B may also affect cell proliferation via Cyclins, besides its influence on the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijian Chen
- Institute of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.C.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuyan Jiang
- Institute of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.C.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jihui Lao
- Institute of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.C.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yankuan Zhou
- Institute of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.C.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Lida Su
- Neuroscience Care Unit, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (X.H.); Tel.: +86-571-8820-6786 (X.H.)
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.C.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (X.H.); Tel.: +86-571-8820-6786 (X.H.)
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