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Millimouno TM, Delvaux T, Kolié JM, Kourouma K, Van Bastelaere S, Tsunami CK, Béavogui AH, Garcia M, Van Damme W, Delamou A. Evaluation of Three Blended Learning Courses to Strengthen Health Professionals' Capacity in Primary Health Care, Management of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services and Research Methods in Guinea. Front Digit Health 2022; 4:911089. [PMID: 35832657 PMCID: PMC9271855 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.911089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Three blended courses on Primary Health Care (eSSP), Management of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services (eSSR), and Research Methods (eMR) were developed and implemented between 2017 and 2021 by the Maferinyah National Training and Research Center in Rural Health, a training and research institution of the Ministry of Health in Guinea. The study objectives were to evaluate the reasons for dropout and abstention, the learners' work behavior following the training, and the impact of the behavior change on the achievements of learners' organizations or services. Methods We evaluated the three implemented courses in 2021, focusing on levels 3 and 4 of the Kirkpatrick training evaluation model. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through an open learning platform (Moodle), via an electronic questionnaire, during the face-to-face component of the courses (workshops), and at learners' workplaces. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were performed for quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. Results Out of 1,016 applicants, 543 including 137 (25%) women were enrolled in the three courses. Over the three courses, the completion rates were similar (67–69%) along with 20–29% dropout rates. Successful completion rates were 72% for eSSP, 83% for eMR and 85% for eSSR. Overall success rate (among all enrollees) ranged from 50% (eSSP) to 58% (eSSR). The majority (87%) of the learners reported applying the knowledge and skills they acquired during the courses through activities such as supervision (22%), service delivery (20%), and training workshops (14%). A positive impact of the training on utilization/coverage of services and increased revenues for their health facilities were also reported by some trainees. Conclusion These findings showed fair success rates and a positive impact of the training on learners' work behavior and the achievements of their organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamba Mina Millimouno
- Maferinyah National Training and Research Center in Rural Health, Forécariah, Guinea
- *Correspondence: Tamba Mina Millimouno
| | - Thérèse Delvaux
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean Michel Kolié
- Maferinyah National Training and Research Center in Rural Health, Forécariah, Guinea
| | - Karifa Kourouma
- Maferinyah National Training and Research Center in Rural Health, Forécariah, Guinea
| | | | - Carlos Kiyan Tsunami
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Abdoul Habib Béavogui
- Maferinyah National Training and Research Center in Rural Health, Forécariah, Guinea
| | - Marlon Garcia
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Damme
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Delamou
- Maferinyah National Training and Research Center in Rural Health, Forécariah, Guinea
- Africa Center of Excellence for Prevention and Control of Transmissible Diseases (CEA-PCMT), Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Guinea
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Oo MC, Phongluxa K, Oo WH, Kounnavong S, Xayyavong S, Louangphaxay C, Htike W, Cutts JC, Thu KM, Hkawng GN, Fowkes FJI. Perspectives of health and community stakeholders on community-delivered models of malaria elimination in Lao People’s Democratic Republic: A qualitative study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264399. [PMID: 35271594 PMCID: PMC8912149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), village health volunteers play an important role in providing health services including those to reduce the burden of malaria. Over the last two decades, the volunteer network has expanded to bring malaria services closer to communities and contributed to the reduction of malaria cases. However, as malaria test positivity rates decreased, many volunteers have lost motivation to continue providing routine malaria services, and other services they provide may not reflect growing healthcare demands for common diseases in the community. This study explored the perspectives, knowledge and inputs of key health stakeholders and community members in southern Lao PDR on community-delivered models in order to refine the volunteer model in the context of Lao PDR’s primary health care sector and malaria elimination goals. Semi-structured interviews with multi-level health stakeholders, participatory workshops with community leaders, and focus group discussions with community members and current village health volunteers were conducted. Deductive followed by inductive thematic analysis was used to explore and categorise stakeholders’ perspectives on community-delivered models for malaria elimination. Both stakeholders and community members agreed that village health volunteers are essential providers of malaria services in rural communities. Apart from malaria, community members identified dengue, diarrhoea, influenza, skin infections and tuberculosis as priorities (in descending order of importance) and requested community-based primary health care for these diseases. Stakeholders and community members suggested integrating prevention, diagnosis, and treatment services for the five priority diseases into the current malaria volunteer model. A divergence was identified between community members’ expectations of health services and the services currently provided by village health volunteers. Stakeholders proposed an integrated model of healthcare to meet the needs of the community and help to maintain volunteers’ motivation and the long-term sustainability of the role. An evidence-based, integrated community-delivered model of healthcare should be developed to balance the needs of both community members and stakeholders, with consideration of available resources and current health policies in Lao PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Chan Oo
- Health Security Program, Burnet Institute Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
- * E-mail: (MCO); (WHO)
| | | | - Win Han Oo
- Health Security Program, Burnet Institute Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (MCO); (WHO)
| | | | - Syda Xayyavong
- Lao Tropical and Public Health Institute, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | | | - Win Htike
- Health Security Program, Burnet Institute Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Julia C. Cutts
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaung Myat Thu
- Health Security Program, Burnet Institute Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Galau Naw Hkawng
- Health Security Program, Burnet Institute Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Freya J. I. Fowkes
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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Naal H, El Koussa M, El Hamouch M, Hneiny L, Saleh S. Evaluation of global health capacity building initiatives in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review. J Glob Health 2020; 10:020412. [PMID: 33110574 PMCID: PMC7568934 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are in dire need to improve their health outcomes. Although Global Health Capacity Building (GHCB) initiatives are recommended approaches, they risk being ineffective in the absence of standardized evaluation methods. This study systematically reviews evaluation approaches for GHCB initiatives in LMICs. METHODS We searched the Medline (OVID), PubMed, Scopus, and Embase.com databases for studies reporting evaluation of a GHCB initiative in a LMIC from January 1, 2009 until August 15, 2019. To differentiate them from intervention, prevention, and awareness initiatives, included articles reported at least one approach to evaluate their learning modality. We excluded cross-sectional studies, reviews, and book chapters that only assessed the effect of interventions. Data identifying the learning modality, and evaluation method, level, time interval, and approach were extracted from articles as primary outcomes. RESULTS Of 8324 identified studies, 63 articles were eligible for analysis. Most studies stemmed from Africa and Asia (69.8%), were delivered and evaluated face-to-face (74.6% and 76.2%), mainly to professionals (57.1%) and community workers (20.6%). Although the use of online and blended modalities showed an increase over the past 4 years, only face-to-face initiatives were evaluated long-term beyond individual-level. GHCB evaluations in general lacked standardization especially regarding the tools. CONCLUSION This is an important resource for evaluating GHCB initiatives in LMICs. It synthesizes evaluation approaches, offers recommendations for improvement, and calls for the standardization of evaluations, especially for long-term and wider impact assessment of online and blended modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hady Naal
- Global Health Institute at the American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maria El Koussa
- Global Health Institute at the American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Melissa El Hamouch
- Global Health Institute at the American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Layal Hneiny
- Saab Medical Library at the American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Shadi Saleh
- Global Health Institute at the American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Health Sciences at the American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Diaz T, Rasanathan K, Meribole E, Maina I, Nsona H, Aung KM, Nemser B, O'Neill KP. Framework and strategy for integrated monitoring and evaluation of child health programmes for responsive programming, accountability, and impact. BMJ 2018; 362:k2785. [PMID: 30061104 PMCID: PMC6283362 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k2785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Diaz
- Epidemiology and Monitoring and Evaluation Team, Maternal Newborn and Child Adolescent Health Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kumanan Rasanathan
- Knowledge Management and Implementation Research Unit, Health Section, Unicef, New York, USA
| | - Emmanuel Meribole
- Monitoring and Evaluation, Nigeria Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Isabella Maina
- Health Sector Monitoring and Evaluation Unit-MOH;,Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Humphreys Nsona
- Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses, Ministry of Health, Malawi
| | | | - Bennett Nemser
- Epidemiology and Monitoring and Evaluation Team, Maternal Newborn and Child Adolescent Health Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kathryn Patricia O'Neill
- Global Platform on Measurement and Accountability, Department of Information, Evidence and Research, Health Systems and Innovation, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Menyaev YA, Carey KA, Nedosekin DA, Sarimollaoglu M, Galanzha EI, Stumhofer JS, Zharov VP. Preclinical photoacoustic models: application for ultrasensitive single cell malaria diagnosis in large vein and artery. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:3643-3658. [PMID: 27699126 PMCID: PMC5030038 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.003643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In vivo photoacoustic flow cytometry (PAFC) has demonstrated potential for early diagnosis of deadly diseases through detection of rare circulating tumor cells, pathogens, and clots in nearly the entire blood volume. Before clinical application, this promising diagnostic platform requires verification and optimization using adequate preclinical models. We show here that this can be addressed by examination of large mouse blood vessels which are similar in size, depth and flow velocity to human vessels used in PAFC. Using this model, we verified the capability of PAFC for ultrasensitive, noninvasive, label-free, rapid malaria diagnosis. The time-resolved detection of delayed PA signals from deep vessels provided complete elimination of background from strongly pigmented skin. We discovered that PAFC's sensitivity is higher during examination of infected cells in arteries compared to veins at similar flow rate. Our advanced PAFC platform integrating a 1060 nm laser with tunable pulse rate and width, a wearable probe with a focused transducer, and linear and nonlinear nanobubble-amplified signal processing demonstrated detection of parasitemia at the unprecedented level of 0.00000001% within 20 seconds and the potential to further improve the sensitivity 100-fold in humans, that is approximately 106 times better than in existing malaria tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian A Menyaev
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA; Equal contribution
| | - Kai A Carey
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA; Equal contribution
| | - Dmitry A Nedosekin
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Mustafa Sarimollaoglu
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Ekaterina I Galanzha
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Jason S Stumhofer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Vladimir P Zharov
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA;
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