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Xu C, Wang Y, Li J, Zhou B, Xiao T, Sun H, Zhao G, Kong X, Wei Q, Yan G, Yin K. Molecular detection and species identification of Plasmodium spp. infection among imported cases in Eastern China, 2012-2018. Parasitol Res 2023:10.1007/s00436-023-07865-9. [PMID: 37199766 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing number of returnees from malaria endemic areas, imported malaria has become a public health challenge in China. To better understand the characteristics of imported Plasmodium species and adjust appropriate strategies for malaria prevention and control in Eastern China, we conducted molecular detection and species identification on 1282 imported malaria cases in Shandong Province between 2012 and 2018. The findings showed that P. falciparum was predominant, particularly in cases imported from Africa. P. vivax was the dominant species imported from Asian countries. Additionally, imported P. ovale and P. malariae emerged in the province. Further surveillance and control of imported malaria among returnees from Africa and Southeast Asia is needed to be strengthened in Eastern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, China
| | - Yongbin Wang
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, China
| | - Jin Li
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, China
| | | | - Ting Xiao
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, China
| | - Guihua Zhao
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, China
| | - Xiangli Kong
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, China
| | - Qingkuan Wei
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, China
| | - Ge Yan
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, China
| | - Kun Yin
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, China.
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Zang C, Wang X, Cheng P, Liu L, Guo X, Wang H, Lou Z, Lei J, Wang W, Wang Y, Gong M, Liu H. Evaluation of the evolutionary genetics and population structure of Culex pipiens pallens in Shandong province, China based on knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations and the mtDNA-COI gene. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:145. [PMID: 36964519 PMCID: PMC10039558 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquitoes are important vectors for a range of diseases, contributing to high rates of morbidity and mortality in the human population. Culex pipiens pallens is dominant species of Culex mosquito in northern China and a major vector for both West Nile virus and Bancroftian filariasis. Insecticide application were largely applied to control the mosquito-mediated spread of these diseases, contributing to increasing rates of resistance in the mosquito population. The voltage-gated sodium channel (Vgsc) gene is the target site of pyrethroids, and mutations in this gene cause knockdown resistance (kdr). While these kdr mutations are known to be critical to pyrethroid resistance, their evolutionary origins remain poorly understood. Clarifying the origins of these mutations is potential to guide further vector control and disease prevention efforts. Accordingly, the present study was designed to study the evolutionary genetics of kdr mutations and their association with the population structure of Cx. p. pallens in Shandong province, China. METHODS Adult Culex females were collected from Shandong province and subjected to morphological identification under a dissection microscope. Genomic DNA were extracted from the collected mosquitoes, the Vgsc gene were amplified via PCR and sequenced to assess kdr allele frequencies, intron polymorphisms, and kdr codon evolution. In addition, population genetic diversity and related population characteristics were assessed by amplifying and sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase I (COI) gene. RESULTS Totally, 263 Cx. p. pallens specimens were used for DNA barcoding and sequencing analyses to assess kdr allele frequencies in nine Culex populations. The kdr codon L1014 in the Vgsc gene identified two non-synonymous mutations (L1014F and L1014S) in the analyzed population. These mutations were present in the eastern hilly area and west plain region of Shandong Province. However, only L1014F mutation was detected in the southern mountainous area and Dongying city of Shandong Province, where the mutation frequency was low. Compared to other cities, population in Qingdao revealed significant genetic differentiation. Spatial kdr mutation patterns are likely attributable to some combination of prolonged insecticide-mediated selection coupled with the genetic isolation of these mosquito populations. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that multiple kdr alleles associated with insecticide resistance are present within the Cx. p. pallens populations of Shandong Province, China. The geographical distributions of kdr mutations in this province are likely that the result of prolonged and extensive insecticide application in agricultural contexts together with frequent mosquito population migrations. In contrast, the low-frequency kdr mutation detected in central Shandong Province populations may originate from the limited selection pressure in this area and the relative genetic isolation. Overall, the study compares the genetic patterns revealed by a functional gene with a neutral marker and demonstrates the combined impact of demographic and selection factors on population structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhui Zang
- Department of Medical Entomology, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Medical Entomology, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Medical Entomology, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxia Guo
- Department of Medical Entomology, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Department of Medical Entomology, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Lou
- Department of Medical Entomology, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Lei
- Department of Medical Entomology, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Department of Medical Entomology, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Department of Medical Entomology, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoqing Gong
- Department of Medical Entomology, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Department of Medical Entomology, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, 272033, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Cheng P, Liu L, Lv Y, Wang H, Gong M, Liu H. Monitoring insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in Shandong Province: approaching malaria elimination. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2020; 45:380-383. [PMID: 33207058 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cheng
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Lymphatic Filariasis and Taeniasis/Cysticercosis, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Medical Entomology, Jining, Shandong Province, 272033, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Lymphatic Filariasis and Taeniasis/Cysticercosis, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Medical Entomology, Jining, Shandong Province, 272033, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeyuan Lv
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Lymphatic Filariasis and Taeniasis/Cysticercosis, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Medical Entomology, Jining, Shandong Province, 272033, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifang Wang
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Lymphatic Filariasis and Taeniasis/Cysticercosis, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Medical Entomology, Jining, Shandong Province, 272033, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoqing Gong
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Lymphatic Filariasis and Taeniasis/Cysticercosis, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Medical Entomology, Jining, Shandong Province, 272033, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Lymphatic Filariasis and Taeniasis/Cysticercosis, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Medical Entomology, Jining, Shandong Province, 272033, People's Republic of China
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Yu T, Fu Y, Kong X, Liu X, Yan G, Wang Y. Epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Shandong Province, China, from 2012 to 2017. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7568. [PMID: 32371895 PMCID: PMC7200687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Shandong Province, China, has been implementing a malaria elimination program. In this study, we analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of malaria imported into Shandong Province between 2012 and 2017 to provide scientific data for the elimination of malaria. In this epidemiological study, we examined the status of malaria in 2012–2017 in Shandong Province, China. Data on all cases of malaria were collected from the online Infection Diseases Monitor Information System to describe and statistically analyze the sources of infection, species of parasite, populations affected, regional distributions, incidence, and temporal distributions of malaria. In total, 1053 cases of malaria were reported in 2012–2017, and all of them were imported. Plasmodium falciparum was the predominant species (77.6%) in Shandong Province; P. vivax malaria accounted for 10.9% of the total number of cases, P. ovale malaria for 2.9%, and P. malariae malaria for 8.2%. Most patients were male (96.8%), most were aged 21–50 years (87.2%), and migrant laborers (77.2%) and workers (6.6%) were at highest risk. The origin of the largest number of imported cases was Africa (93.4%), followed by Asia (5.9%) and Oceania (0.4%). Most cases of imported malaria occurred in June each year and 70% of cases were recorded in six cities during the period of 2012–2017. It is necessary to strengthen malaria surveillance among workers returning home from Africa and Southeast Asia, and to conduct timely blood tests to diagnose and treat imported infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 11 Taibai Zhong Road, Jining, 272033, Shandong, China.
| | - Yuguang Fu
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 11 Taibai Zhong Road, Jining, 272033, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangli Kong
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 11 Taibai Zhong Road, Jining, 272033, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 11 Taibai Zhong Road, Jining, 272033, Shandong, China
| | - Ge Yan
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 11 Taibai Zhong Road, Jining, 272033, Shandong, China
| | - Yongbin Wang
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 11 Taibai Zhong Road, Jining, 272033, Shandong, China
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Song X, Wang Y, Kong X, Wang H, Huang X, Liu H, Liu L, Guo X, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Kou J, Wang H, Cheng P, Gong M. Toward the Elimination of Malaria in China: A Retrospective Analysis of Malaria-Endemic Characteristics and Prevention Effects in Yantai, Shandong Province, 1951 to 2017. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:197-204. [PMID: 31660782 PMCID: PMC7074888 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To study the epidemiological characteristics of malaria and the effects of comprehensive malaria control implementation in Yantai, as well as to provide a scientific basis for future malaria elimination. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted to explore the epidemiological changes and prevention effects in Yantai from 1951 to 2017. The malaria data before 2004 were collected from paper-based annual reports, and data after 2004 came from the Infectious Diseases Information Reporting Management System. Results: A total of 81,286 malaria cases were identified in Yantai from 1957 to 2017, with two peaks occurring in 1966 (120.93/100,000) and 1970-1972 (366.12/100,000). From 1951 to 2003, the case classification was mainly Plasmodium vivax (99.80%); the first case attributed to Plasmodium falciparum occurred in 2004, and P. falciparum became the main cause of malaria after 2011. All cases reported since 2010 have been imported cases, and the last indigenous case was caused by P. vivax in 2008. A total of 129 imported cases were reported from 2010 to 2017, most of which originated in Africa (93.80%), mainly in men aged 30-49 years (68.28%). From 1951 to 1973, 73,868 cases of malaria were diagnosed with clinical symptoms, and from 1974 to 2017, 818,943 cases in fever patients were diagnosed with blood tests. Conclusions: To achieve the goal of eliminating malaria by 2020, Yantai should continue to strengthen the management of migrant population, including improving malaria surveillance for returnees and immigrants from overseas endemic areas, and continue to increase the training of medical personnel to improve their diagnostic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Song
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China
| | - Xiangli Kong
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China
| | - Xiuxia Guo
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China
| | - Chongxing Zhang
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China
| | - Yuqiang Zhao
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China
| | - Jingxuan Kou
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Huaiwei Wang
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China
| | - Maoqing Gong
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China
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Abstract
This study aims to ascertain the long-term epidemic trends of malaria and evaluates the probability of achieving the eradication goal by 2020 in China. Data on malaria incidence and deaths were extracted from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The epidemic trends by sex, age and spatial distribution and predictions of malaria were estimated by using Joinpoint and Poisson regressions. From 1950 to 2016, 227 668 374 malaria cases were reported in China, with an annualised average incidence of 337.02 (336.98–337.07, 95% confidence interval (CI)) per 100 000 population. The incidence decreased with an average annual per cent change (AAPC) of −11.4% (−16.6 to −6.0). There were 36 085 malaria deaths, with an annualised average mortality of 0.534 (0.529–0.540) per 1 000 000 population. The mortality decreased with an AAPC of −8.7% (−13.7 to −3.4). The predicted number of malaria cases and deaths for 2020 is 2 562 and 10, respectively, and zero for indigenous cases. The disease burden of malaria dramatically decreased in China. Though, the goal of malaria elimination is realistic by 2020 in China, routine clinical and entomological surveillance should be continually conducted, especially for the cross-border areas and imported malaria cases.
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Wang XL, Cao JB, Li DD, Guo DX, Zhang CD, Wang X, Li DK, Zhao QL, Huang XW, Zhang WD. Management of imported malaria cases and healthcare institutions in central China, 2012-2017: application of decision tree analysis. Malar J 2019; 18:429. [PMID: 31852503 PMCID: PMC6921536 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-3065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Imported malaria has been an important challenge for China. Fatality rates from malaria increased in China, particularly in Henan Province, primarily due to malpractice and misdiagnoses in healthcare institutions, and the level of imported malaria. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the state of diagnosis and subsequent complications among imported malaria cases at healthcare institutions, based on malaria surveillance data in Henan Province from 2012 to 2017. Methods A retrospective descriptive analysis was performed using data from the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou City, the capital of Henan Province. A decision tree method was exploited to provide valuable insight into the correlation between imported malaria cases and healthcare institutions. Results From 2012 to 2017, there were 371 imported malaria cases, mostly in males aged between 20 and 50 years, including 319 Plasmodium falciparum cases. First visits of 32.3%, 19.9% and 15.9% malaria cases for treatment were to provincial, municipal and county healthcare institutions, respectively. The time interval between onset and initial diagnosis of 284 cases (76.5%) and the time interval between initial diagnosis and final diagnosis of 197 cases (53.1%) was no more than 72 h. An apparent trend was found that there were notably fewer patients misdiagnosed at first visit to healthcare institutions of a higher administrative level; 12.5% of cases were misdiagnosed in provincial healthcare institutions compared to 98.2% in private clinics, leading to fewer complications at healthcare institutions of higher administrative level due to correct initial diagnosis. In the tree model, the rank of healthcare facilities for initial diagnosis, and number of days between onset and initial diagnosis, made a major contribution to the classification of initial diagnosis, which subsequently became the most significant factor influencing complications developed in the second tree model. The classification accuracy were 82.2 and 74.1%, respectively for the tree models of initial diagnosis and complications developed. Conclusion Inadequate seeking medical care by imported malaria patients, and insufficient capacity to diagnose malaria by healthcare institutions of lower administrative level were identified as major factors influencing complications of imported malaria cases in Henan Province. The lack of connection between uncommon imported malaria cases and superior medical resources was found to be the crucial challenge. A web-based system combined with WeChat to target imported malaria cases was proposed to cope with the challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Liang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Bin Cao
- The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Xiao Guo
- The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Da Zhang
- Department of International Medicine, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Kang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Lin Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Wen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Wang T, Zhou SS, Feng J, Oo MM, Chen J, Yan CF, Zhang Y, Tie P. Monitoring and evaluation of intervals from onset of fever to diagnosis before "1-3-7" approach in malaria elimination: a retrospective study in Shanxi Province, China from 2013 to 2018. Malar J 2019; 18:235. [PMID: 31299985 PMCID: PMC6626373 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2865-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND China's 1-3-7 approach was extensively implemented to monitor the timeframe of case reporting, case investigation and foci response in the malaria elimination. However, activities before diagnosis and reporting (before '1') would counteract the efficiency of 1-3-7 approach but few data have evaluated this issue. This study aims to evaluate the timelines between onset of fever and diagnosis at healthcare facilities in Shanxi Province. METHODS Routine data were extracted from IDIRMS and NMISM database from 2013 to 2018. Time intervals between onset of fever and healthcare-seeking and between healthcare-seeking and diagnosis were calculated. Each of the documented malaria cases was geo-coded and paired to the county-level layers of polygon. RESULTS A total of 90 cases were reported in 2013-2018 in Shanxi Province, and 73% of cases reported at provincial health facilities. All malaria cases were imported from Africa (90%) and Southeast Asia (10%) especially around the Chinese Spring Festival (n = 46, 51%). The median days between fever and healthcare-seeking and between healthcare-seeking and diagnosis of malaria were 3 and 2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The current "1-3-7" approach is well executed in Shanxi Province, but delays intervals observed in case finding before 1-3-7 approach occurred in all levels of facilities in Shanxi Province, which imply that more efforts are highlighted for timely case finding. Health education should be provided for improving awareness of healthcare-seeking, and various technical training aiming at the physicians should be carried out to improve diagnosis of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Shanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Shui-Sen Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jun Feng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Myo Minn Oo
- Center for Operational Research, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Mandalay, 05021, Myanmar
| | - Jing Chen
- Shanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Chang-Fu Yan
- Shanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ping Tie
- Shanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, 030012, China.
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Zhang SS, Feng J, Zhang L, Ren X, Geoffroy E, Manguin S, Frutos R, Zhou SS. Imported malaria cases in former endemic and non-malaria endemic areas in China: are there differences in case profile and time to response? Infect Dis Poverty 2019; 8:61. [PMID: 31272497 PMCID: PMC6610923 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-019-0571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND China has achieved zero indigenous malaria case report in 2017. However, along with the increasing of international cooperation development, there is an increasing number of imported malaria cases from Chinese nationals returning from malaria-affected countries. Previous studies have focused on malaria endemic areas in China. There is thus limited information on non-endemic areas in China, especially on the performance of malaria surveillance and response in health facilities. METHODS A comparative retrospective study was carried out based on routine malaria surveillance data collected from 2013 to 2017. All imported malaria cases reported within the mainland of China were included. Variables used in the comparative analysis between cases in former endemic and former non-endemic areas, included age, gender and occupation, destination of overseas travel, Plasmodium species and patient health outcome. Monthly aggregated data was used to compare seasonal and spatial characteristics. Geographical distribution and spatial-temporal aggregation analyses were conducted. Time to diagnosis and report, method of diagnosis, and level of reporting/diagnosing health facilities were used to assess performance of health facilities. RESULTS A total of 16 733 malaria cases, out of which 90 were fatal, were recorded in 31 provinces. The majority of cases (96.2%) were reported from former malaria endemic areas while 3.8% were reported from former non-malaria endemic areas. Patients in the age class from 19 to 59 years and males made the highest proportion of cases in both areas. There were significant differences between occupational categories in the two areas (P < 0.001). In former endemic areas, the largest proportion of cases was among outdoor workers (80%). Two peaks (June, January) and three peaks (June, September and January) were found in former endemic and former non-endemic areas, respectively. Time between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis at clinics was significantly different between the two areas at different level of health facilities (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS All the former non-endemic areas are now reporting imported malaria cases. However, the largest proportion of imported cases is still reported from former endemic areas. Health facilities in former endemic areas outperformed those in former non-endemic areas. Information, treatment, and surveillance must be provided for expatriates while capacity building and continuous training must be implemented at health facilities in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Sen Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- HydroSciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France
- IES Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34059 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Cirad, UMR 17, Intertryp, Campus international de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jun Feng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | | | - Sylvie Manguin
- HydroSciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Roger Frutos
- IES Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34059 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Cirad, UMR 17, Intertryp, Campus international de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Shui-Sen Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Herdiana H, Sari JFK, Whittaker M. Intersectoral collaboration for the prevention and control of vector borne diseases to support the implementation of a global strategy: A systematic review. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204659. [PMID: 30303996 PMCID: PMC6179246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vector Borne Diseases (VBDs) have a major impact on public health and socio-economic development. Inter-sectoral collaboration was recommended as one of the key elements of Integrated Vector Management (IVM), however limited evidence measures the effect and contribution of intersectoral approaches including but not only IVM. This systematic review aims to assess the existing evidence on all forms of inter-sectoral collaboration in VBD control and prevention, identify any gaps and develop a framework from a global perspective. Methods Articles were identified through a search of PUBMED, Science of Direct, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar and WHO archives using key words and excluded duplications (n = 2,034). The exclusion of non-VBDs control and prevention interventions resulted in 194 eligible titles/abstract/keywords for full text assessment. Further exclusion of non-peer reviewed articles, non-declaration of ethical clearance, reviews and expert opinion articles resulted in 50 articles finally being included for analysis with the extraction of data on outcome, factor/s influencing the effectiveness, indicators of collaboration and sustainability. Results Of the 50 articles included in the analysis, 19 articles were categorized as of moderate-strong quality. All articles compared pre- and post-intervention outcomes against disease or vector variables. Three papers included outcome variables on intersectoral collaboration and participation indicator. However, no paper undertook component analysis by different sectors or different activities. Only one paper compared cost data for community-intersectoral intervention for IRS and traditional “vertical” IRS. Six factors were identified as influencing the effectiveness of inter-sectoral collaboration. Five of six factors are the main ones, namely the approach (37/47), resources (34/47), relationships (33/47), management (29/47) and shared vision (20/47) factors. A conceptual framework has been developed based on this review. Conclusion This review shows the importance of inter-sectoral collaboration to reduce VBDs or vector densities. However, very few studies measured how much inter-sectoral collaboration contributes to the impact. Further high-quality studies using inter-sectoral collaboration indicators are recommended to be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maxine Whittaker
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM) at James Cook University, Jakarta, Australia
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Surveillance of Antimalarial Resistance Pfcrt, Pfmdr1, and Pfkelch13 Polymorphisms in African Plasmodium falciparum imported to Shandong Province, China. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12951. [PMID: 30154519 PMCID: PMC6113250 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimalarial drug resistance is a major public health problem in China. From 2012 to 2015, more than 75% of malaria cases in Shandong Province were P. falciparum returned from Africa. However, molecular marker polymorphisms of drug resistance in imported P. falciparum cases have not been evaluated. In this study, we analyzed polymorphisms of the Pfcrt, Pfmdr1, and Pfkelch13 genes in 282 P. falciparum cases returned from Africa to Shandong between 2012 and 2015. Among the isolates, polymorphisms were detected in codons 74–76 of Pfcrt and 86, 184, 1246 of Pfmdr1, among which K76T (36.6%) and Y184F (60.7%) were the most prevalent, respectively. Six Pfcrt haplotypes and 11 Pfmdr1 haplotypes were identified and a comparison was made on the prevalence of haplotypes among East Africa, West Africa, Central Africa and South Africa. One synonymous and 9 nonsynonymous mutations in Pfkelch13 were detected in the isolates (4.6%), among which a candidate artemisinin (ART) resistance mutation P553L was observed. The study establishes fundamental data for detection of chloroquine resistance (CQR) and ART resistance with molecular markers of the imported P. falciparum in China, and it also enriches the genetic data of antimalarial resistance for the malaria endemic countries in Africa.
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Xia J, Huang X, Sun L, Zhu H, Lin W, Dong X, Wu D, Qiu J, Zheng L, Cao M, Liu S, Zhang H. Epidemiological characteristics of malaria from control to elimination in Hubei Province, China, 2005-2016. Malar J 2018; 17:81. [PMID: 29448927 PMCID: PMC5815180 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hubei Province, China, has been operating a malaria elimination programme. This study aimed at investigating the epidemiologic characteristics of malaria in Hubei Province (2005-2016) to plan resource allocation for malaria elimination. METHODS Data on all malaria cases from 2005 to 2016 in all counties of Hubei Province were extracted from a web-based reporting system. The numbers of indigenous and imported cases during the disease control (2005-2010) and elimination (2011-2016) stages, as well as their spatiotemporal distribution, were compared. RESULTS A total of 8109 malaria cases were reported from 2005 to 2016 (7270 and 839 cases during the control and elimination stages, respectively). Between 2005 and 2010, indigenous malaria cases comprised the majority of total cases (7114/7270; 97.9%), and Plasmodium vivax malaria cases accounted for most malaria cases (5572/7270; 76.6%). No indigenous malaria cases have been reported in Hubei Province since 2013. Imported malaria cases showed a gradually increasing trend from 2011 to 2016, Plasmodium falciparum was the predominant species in these cases, and the number of counties with imported cases increased from 4 in 2005 to 47 in 2016. During the control and elimination stages, the most likely spatial clusters for indigenous cases included 13 and 11 counties, respectively. However, the cluster of indigenous malaria cases has not been identified since September 2011. For imported cases, the most likely cluster and three secondary clusters during both stages were identified. CONCLUSIONS Hubei Province has made significant achievements in controlling and eliminating malaria; however, the region now faces some challenges associated with the increasing number and distribution of imported malaria cases. Priorities for malaria elimination should include better management of imported malaria cases, prevention of secondary malaria transmission, and ensuring the sustainability of malaria surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xia
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Control, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xibao Huang
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Control, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lingcong Sun
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Control, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Control, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Wen Lin
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Control, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xiaorong Dong
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Control, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Dongni Wu
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Control, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Juan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Estimate for Environment and Disaster of Hubei Province, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430077, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Control, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Mumin Cao
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Control, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Si Liu
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Control, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Huaxun Zhang
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Control, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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Shi QQ, Cheng P, Zhang CX, Guo XX, Liu LJ, Wang HF, Kou JX, Huang XD, Wang HW, Gong MQ. Epidemiological analysis of 133 malaria cases in Shanxian county, Shandong Province, China. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:802-807. [PMID: 28942829 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct an analysis of the epidemiological changes in malaria that have occurred in Shanxian county from 2002 to 2016. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted and data were collected from web-based reporting system to explore the epidemiological characteristics in Shanxian county from 2002 to 2016. All individual case information was obtained from village malaria servicers organized by the local Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases. RESULTS A total of 133 cases were identified as malaria in Shanxian county during this period, including 124 indigenous cases (93.2%) and 9 imported cases (6.8%). The 124 indigenous malaria cases were infected with Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax), whereas 7 of the 9 confirmed imported cases were infected with Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum), 1 was infected with Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale) and 1 patient was infected with P. falciparum mixed with P. vivax. The total number of malaria cases included 86 males (64.7%) and 47 females (35.3%). Age of the patients ranged from 1 to 83 years, although most (64.7%) infections occurred in the 21-to 60-year-old age group. Remarkably, 117 of the total malaria cases (98.0%) were reported from 2006 to 2011. The epidemic season was from June to October, with the peak occurring yearly from July to September. The most common occupation of the infected patients was farmer. In total, 58.1% of the cases occurred in 3 townships, namely, Fugang, Huanggang and Caozhuang. CONCLUSIONS In Shanxian county, the local malaria incidence experienced an emerge-peak-control-eliminate status. However, due to the numbers of migrant labourers returning from Africa, imported cases were continuous and presented an increasing annual trend, which became a non-negligible and a significant impediment for malaria elimination. Therefore, the need to eliminate instances of malaria reintroduction to receptive malaria-free areas should drive strategies to align with the epidemiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Qi Shi
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 11 Taibai Zhong Road, Jining 272033, Shandong, China; School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhangqiu, Shandong 250200, China.
| | - Peng Cheng
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 11 Taibai Zhong Road, Jining 272033, Shandong, China.
| | - Chong-Xing Zhang
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 11 Taibai Zhong Road, Jining 272033, Shandong, China
| | - Xiu-Xia Guo
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 11 Taibai Zhong Road, Jining 272033, Shandong, China
| | - Li-Juan Liu
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 11 Taibai Zhong Road, Jining 272033, Shandong, China
| | - Hai-Fang Wang
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 11 Taibai Zhong Road, Jining 272033, Shandong, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Kou
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 11 Taibai Zhong Road, Jining 272033, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Huang
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 11 Taibai Zhong Road, Jining 272033, Shandong, China
| | - Huai-Wei Wang
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 11 Taibai Zhong Road, Jining 272033, Shandong, China
| | - Mao-Qing Gong
- Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 11 Taibai Zhong Road, Jining 272033, Shandong, China.
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