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Kartal L, Mueller I, Longley RJ. Using Serological Markers for the Surveillance of Plasmodium vivax Malaria: A Scoping Review. Pathogens 2023; 12:791. [PMID: 37375481 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilisation of serological surveillance methods for malaria has the potential to identify individuals exposed to Plasmodium vivax, including asymptomatic carriers. However, the application of serosurveillance varies globally, including variations in methodology and transmission context. No systematic review exists describing the advantages and disadvantages of utilising serosurveillance in various settings. Collation and comparison of these results is a necessary first step to standardise and validate the use of serology for the surveillance of P. vivax in specific transmission contexts. A scoping review was performed of P. vivax serosurveillance applications globally. Ninety-four studies were found that met predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies were examined to determine the advantages and disadvantages of serosurveillance experienced in each study. If studies reported seroprevalence results, this information was also captured. Measurement of antibodies serves as a proxy by which individuals exposed to P. vivax may be indirectly identified, including those with asymptomatic infections, which may be missed by other technologies. Other thematic advantages identified included the ease and simplicity of serological assays compared to both microscopy and molecular diagnostics. Seroprevalence rates varied widely from 0-93%. Methodologies must be validated across various transmission contexts to ensure the applicability and comparability of results. Other thematic disadvantages identified included challenges with species cross-reactivity and determining changes in transmission patterns in both the short- and long-term. Serosurveillance requires further refinement to be fully realised as an actionable tool. Some work has begun in this area, but more is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejla Kartal
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
- Population Health and Immunity, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Population Health and Immunity, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Rhea J Longley
- Population Health and Immunity, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
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Yao M, Xiao L, Sun X, Lin Z, Hao X, Bai QQ, Yin DH. Surveillance of Plasmodium vivax transmission using serological models in the border areas of China-Myanmar. Malar J 2022; 21:69. [PMID: 35241079 PMCID: PMC8895518 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To understand the Plasmodium vivax malaria transmission intensity and to assess the effectiveness of prevention and control measures taken along the China–Myanmar border, a catalytic model was used to calculate the seroconversion rate, an important indicator of malaria transmission intensity with high sensitivity, which is particularly useful in areas of low transmission. Methods Five counties in Yunnan Province bordering Myanmar were selected as survey sites, and subjects were obtained in each county by stratified random sampling in 2013–2014. Fingerstick blood was collected from each subject and tested for antibodies to P. vivax Merozoite Surface Protein 1-19 (PvMSP1-19) using indirect ELISA. A catalytic conversion model was used to assess the transmission intensity of P. vivax malaria based on the maximum likelihood of generating a community seroconversion rate. Results A total of 3064 valid blood samples were collected. Antibody levels were positively correlated with age. The seroconversion rate (SCR) values for each village were Luoping (0.0054), Jingqiao (0.0061), Longpen (0.0087), Eluo (0.0079), Banwang (0.0042) and Banbie (0.0046), respectively. Conclusion Overall, the intensity of P. vivax malaria transmission in the border areas of Yunnan Province is low and not entirely consistent across counties. Consecutive serological surveys are needed to provide a sensitive evaluation of transmission dynamics and can help to confirm areas where infection is no longer present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixue Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lishun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No.6 Xiyuan Road, Simao City, Puer, 665000, Yunnan, China
| | - Zurui Lin
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, No.6 Xiyuan Road, Simao City, Puer, 665000, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao Hao
- Jinan Blood Center, No.127 Jingliu Road, Jinan, 250001, Shandong, China
| | - Qiong-Qiong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - De-Hui Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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Walker IS, Chung AW, Damelang T, Rogerson SJ. Analysis of Antibody Reactivity to Malaria Antigens by Microsphere-Based Multiplex Immunoassay. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2470:309-325. [PMID: 35881355 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2189-9_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein multiplex assays enable serological analysis of multiple target proteins simultaneously, using relatively small volumes of patient sample per assay. Here we present a detailed protocol to analyze antibody reactivity to malaria antigens by microsphere-based multiplex assay (xMAP technology). This method involves coupling of recombinant proteins to fluorescently labeled microspheres; simultaneous exposure of all microspheres to plasma or sera, and detection of antigen-specific antibodies with a fluorescent labeled anti-human Fc region antibody. In addition to total IgG, this assay can be adapted to measure multiple properties of the antibody Fc region, including subclass, isotype, and Fc receptor or complement C1q binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel S Walker
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Timon Damelang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Wakeman BS, Shakamuri P, McDonald MA, Weinberg J, Svoboda P, Murphy MK, Kariuki S, Mace K, Elder E, Rivera H, Qvarnstrom Y, Pohl J, Shi YP. Development of a new peptide-bead coupling method for an all peptide-based Luminex multiplexing assay for detection of Plasmodium falciparum antibody responses. J Immunol Methods 2021; 499:113148. [PMID: 34560073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Using a recombinant protein antigen for antibody testing shows a sum of antibody responses to multiple different immune epitopes existing in the protein antigen. In contrast, the antibody testing to an immunogenic peptide epitope reflects a singular antibody response to the individual peptide epitope. Therefore, using a panel of peptide epitopes provides an advantage for profiling multiple singular antibody responses with potential to estimate recent malaria exposure in human infections. However, transitioning from malaria immune epitope peptide-based ELISA to an all peptide bead-based multiplex Luminex assay presents some challenges including variation in the ability of different peptides to bind beads. The aim of this study was to develop a peptide coupling method while demonstrating the utility of these peptide epitopes from multiple stage antigens of Plasmodium falciparum for measuring antibodies. Successful coupling of peptide epitopes to beads followed three steps: 1) development of a peptide tag appended to the C-terminus of each peptide epitope consisting of beta-alanine-lysine (x 4)--cysteine, 2) bead modification with a high concentration of adipic acid dihydrazide, and 3) use of the peptide epitope as a blocker in place of the traditional choice, bovine serum albumin (BSA). This new method was used to couple 12 peptide epitopes from multiple stage specific antigens of P. falciparum, 1 Anopheles mosquito salivary gland peptide, and 1 Epstein-Barr virus peptide as an assay control. The new method was applied to testing of IgG in pooled samples from 30 individuals with previously repeated malaria exposure in western Kenya and IgM and IgG in samples from 37 U.S. travelers with recent exposure to malaria. The new peptide-bead coupling method and subsequent multiplex Luminex assay showed reliable detection of IgG to all 14 peptides in Kenyan samples. Among 37 samples from U.S. travelers recently diagnosed with malaria, IgM and IgG to the peptide epitopes were detected with high sensitivity and variation. Overall, the U.S. travelers had a much lower positivity rates of IgM than IgG to different peptide epitopes, ranging from a high of 62.2% positive for one epitope to a low of only 5.4% positive for another epitope. In contrast, the travelers had IgG positive rates from 97.3% to 91.9% to various peptide epitopes. Based on the different distribution in IgM and IgG positivity to overall number of peptide epitopes and to the number of pre-erythrocytic, erythrocytic, gametocytic, and salivary stage epitopes at the individual level, four distinct patterns of IgM and IgG responses among the 37 samples from US travelers were observed. Independent peptide-bead coupling and antibody level readout between two different instruments also showed comparable results. Overall, this new coupling method resolves the peptide-bead coupling challenge, is reproducible, and can be applied to any other immunogenic peptide epitopes. The resulting all peptide bead-based multiplex Luminex assay can be expanded to include other peptide epitopes of P. falciparum, different malaria species, or other diseases for surveillance, either in US travelers or endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Wakeman
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - P Shakamuri
- Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - M A McDonald
- Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - J Weinberg
- Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - P Svoboda
- Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - M K Murphy
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - S Kariuki
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya.
| | - K Mace
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - E Elder
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - H Rivera
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Y Qvarnstrom
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - J Pohl
- Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Y P Shi
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Steinhardt LC, Ravaoarisoa E, Wiegand R, Harimanana A, Hedje J, Cotte AH, Zigirumugabe S, Kesteman T, Rasoloharimanana TL, Rakotomalala E, Randriamoramanana AM, Rakotondramanga JM, Razanatsiorimalala S, Mercereau-Puijalon O, Perraut R, Ratsimbasoa A, Butts J, Rogier C, Piola P, Randrianarivelojosia M, Vigan-Womas I. School-Based Serosurveys to Assess the Validity of Using Routine Health Facility Data to Target Malaria Interventions in the Central Highlands of Madagascar. J Infect Dis 2021; 223:995-1004. [PMID: 32761176 PMCID: PMC10940115 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In low-malaria-transmission areas of Madagascar, annual parasite incidence (API) from routine data has been used to target indoor residual spraying at subdistrict commune level. To assess validity of this approach, we conducted school-based serological surveys and health facility (HF) data quality assessments in 7 districts to compare API to gold-standard commune-level serological measures. METHODS At 2 primary schools in each of 93 communes, 60 students were randomly selected with parents and teachers. Capillary blood was drawn for rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and serology. Multiplex bead-based immunoassays to detect antibodies to 5 Plasmodium falciparum antigens were conducted, and finite mixture models used to characterize seronegative and seropositive populations. Reversible catalytic models generated commune-level annual seroconversion rates (SCRs). HF register data were abstracted to assess completeness and accuracy. RESULTS RDT positivity from 12 770 samples was 0.5%. Seroprevalence to tested antigens ranged from 17.9% (MSP-1) to 59.7% (PF13). Median commune-level SCR was 0.0108 (range, 0.001-0.075). Compared to SCRs, API identified 71% (95% confidence interval, 51%-87%) of the 30% highest-transmission communes; sensitivity declined at lower levels. Routine data accuracy did not substantially affect API performance. CONCLUSIONS API performs reasonably well at identifying higher-transmission communes but sensitivity declined at lower transmission levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Steinhardt
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elisabeth Ravaoarisoa
- Malaria Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Ryan Wiegand
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Aina Harimanana
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Judith Hedje
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- US President's Malaria Initiative, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Annett H Cotte
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- U.S. President's Malaria Initiative, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sixte Zigirumugabe
- US President's Malaria Initiative, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- United States Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Thomas Kesteman
- Malaria Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Fondation Merieux, Lyon, France
| | | | - Emma Rakotomalala
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | | | | | | | - Ronald Perraut
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Arsène Ratsimbasoa
- National Malaria Control Program of Madagascar, Ministry of Public Health, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- L'Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire en Maladies Infectieuses de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Jessica Butts
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- U.S. President's Malaria Initiative, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christophe Rogier
- L'Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire en Maladies Infectieuses de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Patrice Piola
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Inès Vigan-Womas
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
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Lee SK, Hu F, Firdaus ER, Park JH, Han JH, Lee SE, Shin HI, Cho SH, Park WS, Lu F, Han ET. Surveillance on the Vivax Malaria in Endemic Areas in the Republic of Korea Based on Molecular and Serological Analyses. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2020; 58:609-617. [PMID: 33412764 PMCID: PMC7806437 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.6.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax reemerged in 1993. It has been sustained for more than 25 years and become one of the important indigenous parasitic diseases in northern and western parts of the Republic of Korea near the demilitarized zone. In particular, relapse is a significant concern for the control of malaria, as short- and long-term incubation periods vary among those infected in Korea. In this study, the prevalence of asymptomatic carriers was examined among residents of high endemic areas of vivax malaria during nonseasonal transmission of mosquitoes. Blood samples from 3 endemic regions in northwestern Korea were evaluated by microscopic examination, rapid diagnostic testing, and nested PCR to identify asymptomatic patients carrying malaria parasites in the community. However, no positive malaria case among residents of endemic areas was detected. Additionally, serological analysis was carried out to measure antibodies against 3 antigenic recombinant proteins of P. vivax, merozoite surface protein 1-19, circumsporozoite surface protein-VK210, and liver-stage antigen (PvLSA-N), by the protein array method. Interestingly, seropositivity of sera between previous exposure and samples without exposure to malaria was significantly higher using the PvLSA-N antigen than the other antigens, suggesting that PvLSA-N can be used as a serological marker to analyze the degree of exposure for malaria transmission in endemic areas. This indicates a very low asymptomatic carrier prevalence during the nonmalaria season in the endemic areas of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Kyun Lee
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Fengyue Hu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China
| | - Egy Rahman Firdaus
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Park
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungbuk 28159, Korea
| | - Hyun-Il Shin
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungbuk 28159, Korea
| | - Shin Hyeong Cho
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungbuk 28159, Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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