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Chen Z, Wu R, Wei D, Wu X, Ma C, Shi J, Geng J, Zhao M, Guo Y, Xu H, Zhou Y, Zeng X, Huo W, Wang C, Mao Z. New findings on the risk of hypertension from organophosphorus exposure under different glycemic statuses: The key role of lipids? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172711. [PMID: 38688361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Considering the widespread use of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and the global prevalence of hypertension (HTN), as well as studies indicating that different glycemic statuses may respond differently to the biological effects of OPs. Therefore, this study, based on the Henan rural cohort, aims to investigate the association between OPs exposure and HTN, and further explores whether lipids mediate these associations. METHODS We measured the plasma levels of OPs in 2730 participants under different glycemic statuses using gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). A generalized linear model, Quantile g-computation (QGC), adaptive elastic net (AENET), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were used to assess the impact of OPs exposure on HTN, with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalty regression identifying main OPs. Mediation models were used to evaluate the intermediary role of blood lipids in the OPs-HTN relationship. RESULTS The detection rates for all OPs were high, ranging from 76.35 % to 99.17 %. In the normal glucose tolerance (NGT) population, single exposure models indicated that malathion and phenthoate were associated with an increased incidence of HTN (P-FDR < 0.05), with corresponding odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of 1.624 (1.167,2.260) and 1.290 (1.072,1.553), respectively. QGC demonstrated a positive association between OP mixtures and HTN, with malathion and phenthoate being the primary contributors. Additionally, the AENET model's Exposure Response Score (ERS) suggested that the risk of HTN increases with higher ERS (P < 0.001). Furthermore, BKMR revealed that co-exposure to OPs increases HTN risk, with phenthoate having a significant impact. Furthermore, triglycerides (TG) mediated 6.55 % of the association between phenthoate and HTN. However, no association was observed in the impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) populations. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that in the NGT population, OPs may significantly contribute to the development of HTN, proposing TG as a potential novel target for HTN prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Ruihong Wu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University; Information Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, PR China
| | - Dandan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xueyan Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Cuicui Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jiayu Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jintian Geng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Mengzhen Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yao Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Haoran Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yilin Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
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Tan J, Ma M, Shen X, Xia Y, Qin W. Potential lethality of organochlorine pesticides: Inducing fatality through inflammatory responses in the organism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 279:116508. [PMID: 38815449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organochlorine pesticides, with their environmental persistence and bioaccumulation potential, have gained significant attention. This study explores the impact of organochlorine pesticides on mortality and chronic diseases, investigates their link to inflammatory states, and examines the role of anti-inflammatory diets in mitigating adverse reactions to these pesticides. METHODS This study, with 2,847 participants, used gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to measure organochlorine pesticide exposure in NHANES data. Conventional statistical methodologies, encompassing survival curves, Cox proportional hazards regression, regression analysis, and restricted quadratic spline analysis, were employed to investigate the association between pesticides and mortality, chronic ailments, and inflammation. Furthermore, machine learning techniques, comprising RF, AdaBoost, Extra-Trees, LightGBM, and BPNN, were leveraged to evaluate the impact of pesticides on chronic disease and mortality prognostication. RESULTS Organochlorine pesticides were significantly and positively correlated with increased mortality (p<0.05). Additionally, these pollutants were linked to the incidence of chronic diseases such as chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and hypertension (p< 0.05). Our study, utilizing various machine learning models, also showed a notable increase in the Area Under the Curve when incorporating organochlorine pesticide indicators into the model as opposed to excluding them. Furthermore, strong correlations were observed between serum c-reactive protein (CRP) and CRP to serum albumin ratio (CAR) concentrations with these substances, demonstrating their pro-inflammatory effects at specific concentrations. Interestingly, cutting down on dietary inflammation through changes in diet effectively reduced the risk of death at high organochlorine pesticide exposure levels, but the effect was less noticeable at low to moderate exposure levels. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to organochlorine pesticides was linked to a higher risk of mortality, likely due to an increased prevalence of chronic diseases. In this context, inflammation played a crucial role, and adopting an anti-inflammatory diet significantly reduced the mortality risk associated with these pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Tan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Mengkai Ma
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xinyue Shen
- College of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuanlin Xia
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wei Qin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Glover F, Mehta A, Richardson M, Muncey W, Del Giudice F, Belladelli F, Seranio N, Eisenberg ML. Investigating the prevalence of erectile dysfunction among men exposed to organophosphate insecticides. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:389-399. [PMID: 37574529 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erectile dysfunction (ED) poses a significant disease morbidity and contributor to male infertility, where an estimated 20-40% of men are affected annually. While several risk factors have been identified in the etiology of ED (e.g., aging, heart disease, diabetes, and obesity), the complete pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. Over the last few decades, the contribution of environmental exposures to the pathogenesis of ED has gained some attention, though population studies are limited and results are mixed. Among environmental contaminants, organophosphate (OP) insecticides represent one of the largest chemical classes, and chlorpyrifos is the most commonly used OP in the U.S. OP exposure has been implicated in driving biological processes, including inflammation, reactive oxygen species production, and endocrine and metabolism disruption, which have been demonstrated to adversely affect the hypothalamus and testes and may contribute to ED. Currently, studies evaluating the association between OPs and ED within the U.S. general population are sparse. METHODS Data were leveraged from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which is an annually conducted, population-based cross-sectional study. Urinary levels of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), a specific metabolite of the most pervasive OP insecticide chlorpyrifos, were quantified as measures of OP exposure. ED was defined by responses to questionnaire data, where individuals who replied "sometimes able" or "never able" to achieve an erection were classified as ED. Chi-square, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multivariable, weighted linear and logistic regression analyses were used to compare sociodemographic variables between quartiles of TCPy exposure, identify risk factors for TCPy exposure and ED, and to analyze the relationship between TCPy and ED. RESULTS A total of 671 adult men were included in final analyses, representing 28,949,379 adults after survey weighting. Approximately 37% of our cohort had ED. Smoking, diabetes, aging, Mexican-American self-identification, and physical inactivity were associated with higher ED prevalence. Analysis of TCPy modeled as a continuous variable revealed nonsignificant associations with ED (OR = 1.02 95% CI [0.95, 1.09]). Stratification of total TCPy into quartiles revealed increased odds of ED among adults in the second and fourth quartiles, using the first quartile as the reference (OR = 2.04 95% CI [1.11, 3.72], OR = 1.51 95% CI [0.58, 3.93], OR = 2.62 95% CI [1.18, 5.79], for quartiles 2, 3, and 4, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The results of our study suggest a potential role for chlorpyrifos and other OPs the pathogenesis of ED. Future studies are warranted to validate these findings, determine clinical significance, and to investigate potential mechanisms underlying these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Glover
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - A Mehta
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - M Richardson
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - W Muncey
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - F Del Giudice
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - F Belladelli
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - N Seranio
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - M L Eisenberg
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Miao D, Zhao L, Cao R. Association between ethylene oxide exposure and periodontitis: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2013-2014. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:195. [PMID: 38229065 PMCID: PMC10790520 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17735-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ethylene oxide (EO) induces inflammation and oxidative stress, which are the main mechanisms of periodontitis. However, the effect of EO on periodontal health is not unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between EO exposure and the risk of periodontitis in general US adults. METHODS Data used in our study from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014. The EO biomarker, hemoglobin adduct of EO (HbEO), was measured in blood samples utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Periodontitis category was defined by the CDC/AAP according to clinical periodontal parameters. Natural cubic spline, weight multivariable logistic regression analyses and subgroup analysis were used to explore the association between EO exposure and the risk of periodontitis. RESULTS A total of 1497 participants over the age of 30 were included in our study. A non-linear positive association with periodontitis was identified for HbEO levels. Participants in the highest tertile of HbEO levels were more likely to have poorer periodontal health compared to the lowest tertile (ORtertile3vs1 = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.85-4.24). Similar results were also found in different subgroups. CONCLUSIONS HbEO levels are positively associated with poor periodontal health in US adults. Additional longitudinal studies are necessary to further enhance our comprehension of the impact of exposure to EO on periodontal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Miao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruoyan Cao
- Department of Periodontics, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, China.
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Zhu N, Lin S, Huang W, Yu H, Cao C. Association of urinary organophosphate metabolites with adult asthma patients: a cross-sectional population-based study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:112977-112987. [PMID: 37847364 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Human health is adversely affected by exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides. This study aims to investigate the correlation between urinary OP metabolites and the prevalence of asthma. In cross-sectional studies, data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) projects conducted between 2003-2008, 2011-2012, and 2015-2018 were analyzed. Multiple logistic regressions and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regressions were utilized to examine the relationship between four urinary OP metabolites, namely dimethyl phosphate (DMP), diethyl phosphate (DEP), dimethyl phosphorothioate (DMTP), and diethyl phosphorothioate (DETP), and the prevalence of asthma. Additionally, quantile g-computation (QG-C) regression was employed to evaluate the association between urinary OP metabolites (both individual and combined exposures) and asthma prevalence. The results showed that a total of 9316 adults, including 1298 participants with asthma, were included in the analysis. The median age of the participants was 47.37 years, and 50.27% were female. In the comprehensive model, the third tertile of DMP and DEP exhibited a positive association with asthma prevalence compared to the first tertile (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.26 [1.01-1.57], Ptrend = 0.036; and 1.25 [1.07-1.51], Ptrend = 0.008, respectively). Moreover, a linear relationship was observed between DMP, DEP, and asthma prevalence (P for nonlinearity = 0.320 and 0.553, respectively). The QG-C regression revealed a positive association between the mixture of urinary OP metabolites and asthma prevalence (OR = 1.04 [1.01-1.07], P = 0.025), with DEP contributing the most substantial effect (weight = 0.564). Our findings suggest that exposure to OP pesticides is associated with an increased prevalence of asthma, with DEP demonstrating the strongest impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, 59 Liuting Road, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanhong Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Weina Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, 59 Liuting Road, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, 59 Liuting Road, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, 59 Liuting Road, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
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Wu H, Li K, Wang Y, Huang R, Jin X, Li X, Wang H, Li B. Suicide and suicidality in people exposed to pesticides: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121542. [PMID: 37011781 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides has been proposed to be a positive association in suicide and suicidality. Many studies have explored this topic, but have reported inconsistent findings. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of the now existing evidence on the association between pesticide exposure and the risk of suicide and suicidality. We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases for studies published up to February 1, 2023. For studies that provided detailed data, we applied quantitative meta-analysis to calculate Odds ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) to evaluate the results. Heterogeneity among the included studies was assessed using Cochran's Q test, I2 statistic and tau-squared (τ2). Publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots, Egger's test, and Begg's test. In addition, subgroup analyses according to pesticides category and geographical area were performed. 2906 studies were initially identified, and 20 studies were eventually included. Fifteen of the studies were on suicide deaths and suicide attempts, and five were on suicidal ideation. Pesticide exposure was positively related to suicide deaths and suicide attempts (pooled OR = 1.31; 95%CI: 1.04-1.64, p < 0.001) and suicidal ideation (pooled OR = 2.43; 95%CI: 1.51-3.91, p = 0.015). In the subgroup analysis, mixed pesticide type (pooled OR = 1.55; 95%CI: 1.39-1.74) increased the risk of suicide deaths and suicide attempts. The results of the analysis by geographic area showed that the risk of suicide deaths and suicide attempts with pesticide exposure was 2.27 (95%CI = 1.36-3.78), and 1.33 (95%CI = 1.14-1.56) in Asia and Europe, respectively. The risk of suicidal ideation caused by pesticide exposure in Asia and America were 2.19 (95%CI = 1.08-4.42) and 2.99 (95%CI = 1.76-5.06). In conclusion, pesticide exposure may increase the risk of suicide and suicidality based on the current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kaidi Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yiyu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ronggui Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xianbao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Baozhu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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