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Rodríguez-Carrio J, Salazar N, Margolles A, González S, Gueimonde M, de Los Reyes-Gavilán CG, Suárez A. Free Fatty Acids Profiles Are Related to Gut Microbiota Signatures and Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Front Immunol 2017; 8:823. [PMID: 28791008 PMCID: PMC5522850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence highlights the relevance of free fatty acids (FFA) for human health, and their role in the cross talk between the metabolic status and immune system. Altered serum FFA profiles are related to several metabolic conditions, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recent studies have highlighted the link between gut microbiota and host metabolism. However, although most of the studies have focused on different clinical conditions, evidence on the role of these mediators in healthy populations is lacking. Therefore, we have addressed the analysis of the relationship among gut microbial populations, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, FFA levels, and immune mediators (IFNγ, IL-6, and MCP-1) in 101 human adults from the general Spanish population. Levels of selected microbial groups, representing the major phylogenetic types present in the human intestinal microbiota, were determined by quantitative PCR. Our results showed that the intestinal abundance of Akkermansia was the main predictor of total FFA serum levels, displaying a negative association with total FFA and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Similarly, an altered FFA profile, identified by cluster analysis, was related to imbalanced levels of Akkermansia and Lactobacillus as well as increased fecal SCFA, enhanced IL-6 serum levels, and higher prevalence of subclinical metabolic alterations. Although no differences in nutritional intakes were observed, divergent patterns in the associations between nutrient intakes with intestinal microbial populations and SCFA were denoted. Overall, these findings provide new insights on the gut microbiota–host lipid metabolism axis and its potential relevance for human health, where FFA and SCFA seem to play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez-Carrio
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Nuria Salazar
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Sonia González
- Area of Physiology, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Clara G de Los Reyes-Gavilán
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Suárez
- Area of Immunology, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Leutner M, Göbl C, Schlager O, Charwat-Resl S, Wielandner A, Howorka E, Prünner M, Bozkurt L, Maruszczak K, Geyik H, Prosch H, Pacini G, Kautzky-Willer A. The Fatty Liver Index (FLI) Relates to Diabetes-Specific Parameters and an Adverse Lipid Profile in a Cohort of Nondiabetic, Dyslipidemic Patients. J Am Coll Nutr 2017; 36:287-294. [PMID: 28506114 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2016.1262802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with hyperlipidemia are at high risk for developing a fatty liver. The fatty liver index (FLI) is a noninvasive and well-established method for the estimation of a fatty liver. However, little is known about the metabolic characterization of nondiabetic treated patients with hyperlipidemia who have different risk levels for a fatty liver. METHODS In this study, 74 nondiabetic patients with hyperlipidemia were divided into 3 groups according to their fatty liver index. A comparison of metabolic characteristics was done. These characteristics included intima media thickness (IMT) and nutritional habits, which were further divided into FLI subgroups with low, intermediate, and high risk for a fatty liver. RESULTS Patients with hyperlipidemia, with a high risk for a fatty liver (FLI ≥ 60), had subclinical elevations in parameters of carbohydrate metabolism (insulin, fasting plasma glucose, C-peptide) including a higher insulin resistance (quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, QUICKI) compared to lower FLI groups. These patients also presented a higher risk for a metabolic syndrome (p = 0.018), as well as an adverse lipid profile (e.g., high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, triglycerides [TG]-HDL ratio). FLI group 3 was characterized by significantly lower levels of omega-3 fatty acids (p = 0.048). CONCLUSION The fatty liver index relates to diabetes-specific parameters and an adverse lipid profile and is an appropriate index for risk evaluation of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Leutner
- a Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Gender Medicine Unit.,g Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience , National Research Council , Padova , Italy
| | - Christian Göbl
- b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Division of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine.,g Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience , National Research Council , Padova , Italy
| | - Oliver Schlager
- c Department of Internal Medicine II , Division of Angiology.,g Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience , National Research Council , Padova , Italy
| | - Silvia Charwat-Resl
- c Department of Internal Medicine II , Division of Angiology.,g Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience , National Research Council , Padova , Italy
| | - Alice Wielandner
- d Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy.,g Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience , National Research Council , Padova , Italy
| | - Eleonora Howorka
- a Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Gender Medicine Unit.,g Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience , National Research Council , Padova , Italy
| | - Marlies Prünner
- a Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Gender Medicine Unit.,g Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience , National Research Council , Padova , Italy
| | - Latife Bozkurt
- e Department of Internal Medicine III , Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism.,g Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience , National Research Council , Padova , Italy
| | - Katharina Maruszczak
- a Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Gender Medicine Unit.,g Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience , National Research Council , Padova , Italy
| | - Hacer Geyik
- a Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Gender Medicine Unit.,g Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience , National Research Council , Padova , Italy
| | - Helmut Prosch
- d Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy.,g Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience , National Research Council , Padova , Italy
| | - Giovanni Pacini
- f Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.,g Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience , National Research Council , Padova , Italy
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- a Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Gender Medicine Unit.,g Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience , National Research Council , Padova , Italy
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Leutner M, Göbl C, Wielandner A, Howorka E, Prünner M, Bozkurt L, Harreiter J, Prosch H, Schlager O, Charwat-Resl S, Kautzky-Willer A. Cardiometabolic Risk in Hyperlipidemic Men and Women. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:2647865. [PMID: 27895666 PMCID: PMC5118507 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2647865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate sex specific differences of metabolic and clinical characteristics of treated hyperlipidemic men and women (HL-men and HL-women). Methods. In this study vascular and metabolic characteristics of 35 HL-women and 64 HL-men were assessed. In addition a sex specific analysis of metabolic and nutritional habits of HL-patients with prediabetes (HL-IGR) was done. Results. HL-women were older and had favourable concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), triglycerides (TG), and triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-ratio) but were also shown to have higher concentrations of lipoprotein-a compared to HL-men. HL-men were characterized as having higher levels of liver-specific parameters and body weight as well as being more physically active compared to HL-women. Brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) was higher in HL-women than HL-men, while no differences in metabolic syndrome and glycemic parameters were shown. HL-IGR-women were also older and still had a better profile of sex specific lipid parameters, as well as a lower body weight compared to HL-IGR-men. No differences were seen in vascular parameters such as the intima media thickness (IMT). Conclusion. HL-women were older and had overall more favourable concentrations of lipid parameters and liver enzymes but did not differ regarding vascular morphology and insulin sensitivity compared to HL-men of comparable body mass index (BMI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Leutner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Unit of Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Göbl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Feto-Maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Wielandner
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eleonora Howorka
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Unit of Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlies Prünner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Unit of Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Latife Bozkurt
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Giertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Harreiter
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Unit of Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Prosch
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Schlager
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Angiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Charwat-Resl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Angiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Unit of Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- *Alexandra Kautzky-Willer:
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